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JUSTIFICATION
Overview
Significance
OBJECTIVE
Generally, this study aims to review and evaluate the effluent management
system of the major units of UPLB. Its specific objectives are as follows:
PRELIMINARY DATA
I. In pursuant to the Republic Act No. 9275, also known as the Philippine Clean
Water Act of 2004, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) issued Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2016-08, which provides water
quality guidelines and general effluent standards (DENR, 2016).
A. For this study, the Molawin Creek was considered and according to Sta.
Ana (2015) in her report about the Ecosystem Accounting for the Laguna
de Bay Basin, Molawin Creek was classified as a class worse than class D
as of October 2013, which means its conditions are worse than navigable
waters as shown by the water body classification table below.
Table 1. Water Body Classification and Usage of Freshwater.
Classification Intended Beneficial Use
Class AA Public Water Supply Class I Intended primarily for
waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited
and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and
which require only approved disinfection to meet
the latest PNSDW
Class A Public Water Supply Class II Intended as sources
of water supply requiring conventional treatment
(coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and
disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW
Class B Recreational Water Class I Intended for primary
contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.)
Class C 1. Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of
fish and other aquatic resources
2. Recreational Water Class II For boating,
fishing, or similar activities
3. For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering
Class D Navigable waters
Source: DAO 2016-08
B. However, Molawin Creek is one of the 100 streams that empty out to
Laguna de Bay and with that the water quality of Molawin Creek should
comply with standards set by DENR under significant parameters of Class
C classification as shown below.
II. The status of the Molawin Creekin terms of water quality was studied and
reported by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) (n.d.) through their
Annual Water Quality Reports on the Laguna de Bay and its Tributary Rivers.
A. Based on the 1996 report of the Lake Management Division of LLDA, the
table below summarizes the physico-chemical properties of water in
Molawin River in the AMTEC station (Lasco & Espaldon, 2005).
Table 3. Physico-chemical properties of water in Molawin River at AMTEC station
in 1996.
Parameter Unit Value
o
Temperature C 28.1
pH - 7.5
DO mg/L 2.4
Conductivity mS/cm 0.31
Turbidity mg/L 22
BOD mg/L 5.58 0.24
COD mg/L 16.5 1.5
TOC mg/L 8.95 0.21
Alkalinity mg/L 120.6 2.6
Chloride mg/L 13.1 2.34
Hardness mg/L 311.88
TSS mg/L 7.6 0.8
TDS mg/L 288 20
Orthophosphate mg/L 0.44 0.06
Total Phosphate mg/L 0.64 0.03
Ammonia-N mg/L 3.62 0.54
Nitrate-N mg/L 0.26 0.01
Source: Lasco & Espaldon, 2005
B. However, based on the 2011 Annual Water Quality Reports on the Laguna
de Bay and its Tributary Rivers of the LLDA, there was a significant increase
in the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity in the Molawin
Creek (LLDA, n.d.).
C. On the other hand, based on the 2012 annual report of the LLDA as shown
by the table below, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as well as the
TSS increased greatly (LLDA, n.d.).
Table 5. Physico-chemical properties of Molawin Creek in 2012.
Parameter Units Value
Alkalinity mg CaCO3/L 187
Ammonia mg/L 0.28
BOD mg/L 3
Calcium Hardness mg/L 75
COD mg CaCO3/L 25
Chloride mg/L 42
DO mg/L 3.3
Inorganic Phosphate mg/L 0.29
Nitrate mg/L 0.5
Oil and Grease mg/L 1
pH mg/L 7.5
Temperature mg/L 29
TDS mg/L 355
Total Hardness mg/L 205
TSS mg/L 33
Turbidity NTU 27
Phytoplankton Counts/mL 17, 917
Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 7.1 + 0.4
Fecal Coliform MPN/100 mL 3.5 0.4
Source: LLDA, n.d.
III. Numerous efforts are being exerted by the institutions in UPLB and LLDA in order
to carry out a sustained community-based restoration, protection and
conservation of the Laguna Lake and its tributary rivers, which include the
Molawin River (Zafaralla, 2010).
JUSTIFICATION
Overview
Fungi have been natures own recycling system for practically since dawn of life on
terrestrial plane. It is known that fungi degrade biomass far more efficiently compared
to other microorganisms, and in fact, set up defense mechanisms against a great
number of the aforementioned microorganisms. The greatest example would be
Penicillin. In local small-scale livestock raisers, effluents from animal wastes tend to
leach into the soil or worse, runoff to bodies of water, causing disturbance to the
ecosystem of the water. Certain studies have utilized antimicrobial, antiviral, and
microfiltration capabilities of specific fungi species. Implementing such system would
always be a cheap and welcome addition to animal husbandry practices in the
Philippines.
OBJECTIVES
The proposal aims to investigate the suitability of mycoremediation for the dairy
industry in the Philippines, and to qualify the characteristics of wastewater generated
by the industry before and after exposure to substrate inoculated with mushroom
mycelia.
PRELIMINARY DATA
II. Samples were llowed to stand for one and two weeks with a substrate
inoculated with mycelia, with each duration done in duplicates
JUSTIFICATION
Overview
Different kinds of waste are constantly accumulated in the market area of Los
Baos, Laguna especially biodegradable waste such as fruits and vegetables which
are discarded and left on the ground. Some are washed away to nearby drainage
canals. One solid waste management program in Los Baos, Laguna is for biomass
or food wastes to be sorted out and be brought to MRFs. However, not everyone
complies with this program. This study can help to check if most of the citizens comply
with the program. If not, a solution or improvement of the program may be proposed.
Thus, this study aims to check the compliance of people on the program and provide
an update on the MRF in Los Baos, Laguna. In line with this, the study hopes to
suggest rules for the people of Los Baos to follow.
Significance
This study is important for the assessment and improvement of the current solid
waste management programs of Los Baos, Laguna. It will help other studies whose
objective is to improve the SWM program of other areas. An update on the MRFs in
the vicinity will also be presented since it is related to the current SWM program.
OBJECTIVES
Generally, this study aims to provide an assessment and improvement on the current
solid waste management program of Los Banos, Laguna. This study specifically aims
to:
1. Determine the current state of the Solid Waste Management program and
Materials Recovery Facility in Los Banos Laguna;
2. Determine the status of compliance of the population of Los Baos to the Solid
Waste Management program; and
3. Suggest solutions to improve the SWM program based on the gathered data
and successful SWM programs in other places
PRELIMINARY DATA
Preliminary data were not provided since this study is an assessment case. No
data related on the previous and even the current MRF and SWM of Los Banos,
Laguna were provided on the internet. Only the Solids Waste Management
Department of the Municipality of Los Banos holds the data necessary for this
research.
II. Ask for permission from the Municipality of Los Baos to conduct a
survey on the solid waste management of households within the area.
III. Gather data from the proper authorities about the current status of the
materials recovery facility and the solid waste management program of
Los Baos
IV. Conduct the survey throughout the different barangays in Los Baos
V. Compare the current SWM program of Los Baos, Laguna with other
successful SWM programs throughout the country
VI. Visit the site where the materials recovery facility is located and assess
its status.
REFERENCES
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D. M. (2014). Mycoremediation ofagricultural fertilizers using the edible
gourmet oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus [Scientific Poster]. The
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