III.

Literature Survey

A. Conceptual Survey
a. Mobile

According to Techopedia, A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device that

allows users to make calls and send text messages, among other features. The earliest
generation of mobile phones could only make and receive calls. Todays mobile phones,
however, are packed with many additional features, such as web browsers, games,
cameras, video players and even navigational systems. A mobile phone may also be
known as a cellular phone or simply cellphone.

When the first mobile phones were introduced, their only function was to make
calls, and they were so bulky it was impossible to carry them in a pocket. Later, mobile
phones belonging to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network
became capable of sending and receiving text messages. As these devices evolved,
they became smaller and more features were added, such as multimedia messaging
service (MMS), which allowed users to send and receive images. Most of these MMS-
capable devices were equipped with cameras, which allowed users to capture photos,
add captions, and send them to friends and relatives who also had MMS-capable
phones.

A mobile phone with highly advanced features is called a smartphone, while a

regular mobile phone is known as a feature phone. A mobile phone typically operates
on a cellular network, which is composed of cell sites scattered throughout cities,
country sides and even mountainous regions. If a user happens to be located in an area
where there is no signal from any cell site belonging to the cellular network provider he
or she is subscribed to, calls cannot be placed or received in that location.

As stated in Wikipedia, The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long
distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also
called a "cell site") which connects it to the main phone network. When moving, if the
mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a
message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand
off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is
done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was
transferred to another cell. As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost
less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for
rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own
that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas
with many people.
 The modern form of mobile phone is called "Smart Phone". It has become very
popular. The majority of mobile phones made after 2010 are "smartphones". They can
be used as computers as well as making voice calls.

According to ImportantIndia (2013), a mobile phone is a portable telephone that

has access to a cellular radio system. This enables the phone to take calls, send texts,
and access the internet (and more!) without it being physically attached to a network
using cables. In this way, a mobile phone is significantly different from traditional land
line phones. Ever since they were first introduced in 1973 by Motorola, mobile phones
have occasioned a significant amount of debate.

As stated in The Phone Town, These are the Positive and Negative effects of a
mobile phone. A mobile phone is a portable telephone that has access to a cellular
radio system. This enables the phone to take calls, send texts, and access the internet
(and more!) without it being physically attached to a network using cables. In this way, a
mobile phone is significantly different from traditional land line phones. Ever since they
were first introduced in 1973 by Motorola, mobile phones have occasioned a significant
amount of debate.

Positive effects of mobile phone are Communication Convenience; Mobile Phone

is the best way to communicate. We can stay in touch with our loved ones anywhere,
anytime, just because of mobile phones. All thanks to their small size, lightweight, that
makes them portable. Entertainment, Life is nothing less than a hell without any
entertainment in it. Thanks to mobile phones that let us entertain while on the go. The
mobile phones getting launched nowadays come with super impressive features related
to entertainment. Mobile manufacturers know it pretty well that entertainment is
demand of today. This is the reason why mobile phones are nothing less than complete
portable entertainment devices. Useful in Studies and Business, Mobile phones are
quite useful in studies and business. In both fields, the mobile phone has become like
compulsory gadget. Students can access Internet on their mobile phones while on the
go, and thus can get knowledge of any topic they wish to. The business persons can
keep updated with the markets up and downs can stay in touch with their employees
and clients. Work as Boon in Emergencies; just consider any emergency situation in
which you want to talk to your friend, relative or anyone else? Mobile Phone is what
works as boon in such situations. You might have faced any emergency situation in
which mobile phone helped you, have you? Whether you have faced it or not, its quite
easy to understand the role of mobile phones in emergencies. Boon is what we can call
the mobile phones in such situations, right?
 Negative Effects of Mobile Phones, Bad Impact on Studies. The students are just
addicted to mobile phones. They can be seen playing games, chatting, and talking to
their friends on their mobile phones most of the times. This is the reason why they dont
get time for studies. In fact, students are more interested in wasting their time on mobile
phones, rather than spending it on studying. Accident and Health Issues, Most of the
accidents that happen daily arise because of mobile phones. The mobile phones have
resulted in dangerous driving, whose direct impact can be seen in increasing no. of
accidents. Apart from accidents, mobile phones have bad impact on health as well.
Several researches conducted by the health experts have proved the bad impact of
mobile phones on health. These are the positive and negative impacts of mobile phones
on our lives. These is no doubt mobile is a necessity these days, but we should take
care of the negative points too and use this technology accordingly.

In those studys, Ive found out that even though Mobile phone is very helpful to
everyone somehow it is not good if we dont limit ourselves. Sometime overusing it
cause a bad effect to us especially to those students that using mobile phones because
Despite knowing about education-related apps, kids spend most of their time doing
following activities, Listening music frequently, Playing mobile games, Chatting and
calling friends, Following social media

In short, excessive use of mobile phones is becoming a distraction for students

and is wasting their time. They are delved into the virtual world to an extent that they
forget all other important things

b. Mobile Learning

In todays generation over a billion people have access to a very powerful mobile
device or gadgets for every people in this world have an access to the internet. Mobile
technology is changing the way we live in this world and it is the beginning to change
the way we learn.

It comprises any kind of learning which is done by the smartphones and other
gadgets either in or out of the classroom. Mobile learning can help us learn On the go
even youre not in the school.

But today lets discuss what M-Learning is. According to Wikipedia, M-learning or
mobile learning is "learning across multiple contexts, through social and content
interactions, using personal electronic devices. A form of distance education, m-
learners use mobile device educational technology at their time convenience. M-
learning is convenient in that it is accessible from virtually anywhere. Sharing is almost
instantaneous among everyone using the same content, which leads to the reception of
instant feedback and tips. This highly active process has proven to increase exam
scores from the fiftieth to the seventieth percentile, and cut the dropout rate in technical
fields by 22 percent. M-learning also brings strong portability by replacing books and
notes with small devices, filled with tailored learning contents. Mobile learning is the
delivery of learning, education or learning support on mobile phones, PDAs or tablets.
E-learning has provided the ability for traditional learning to break out of the classroom
setting and for students to learn at home. Mobile learning has enhanced upon e-
learning by taking it a step further and allowing students to learn virtually anywhere a
mobile signal is available.

Another, As stated by Unesco.Org, Mobile learning involves the use of mobile

technology, either alone or in combination with other information and communication
technology (ICT), to enable learning anytime and anywhere. Learning can unfold in a
variety of ways: people can use mobile devices to access educational resources,
connect with others, or create content, both inside and outside classrooms. Mobile
learning also encompasses efforts to support broad educational goals such as the
effective administration of school systems and improved communication between
schools and families.

Mobile phones are the new equipment for bringing new knowledge in ones mind.
Mobile phone, also have recently topped to became our universal communication
devices, in the same time, the capabilities of the devices are improving.

In the opinion of Moores Law [Moo65], the transistor density on integrated

circuits roughly doubles every one or two years; todays high-end mobile phone has
more computational power than a late 1990s home PC.

According to Mohamed Osman M. El-Hussein and Johannes C. Cronje in their

Defining Mobile Learning in the Higher Education Landscape, The evolution of handheld
portable devices and wireless technology has resulted in radical changes in the social
and economic lifestyles of modern people. Today, many technological devices are
produced in portable form and people have become accustomed to them. These
devices are reshaping user daily lives in different ways. But the development of digital
technologies has so far been limited to social communication and few people have
regarded mobile learning as a core pedagogical activity in higher institutions of learning.
Although this model has been used as a minor adjunct to learning activities such as
lectures and assignments, it is still not the primary mode of delivery in higher education.
Currently, the instructional technology transmitted by means of mobile technology is
mainly social and, to a lesser extent, economic.

In addition to this, Ive found out that the Mobile Learning provides a new way of
learning to deliver knowledge as much as possible and by getting the attention of the
students. Because in todays generation, Students always use mobile applications or
other tools to complete and upload their assignments or projects to the teacher, also
they can download course files or presentation, and work through online social groups
to finish their respective task. It has 3s that Enables, empowers, and engages learning
in ways that they can relate to and to transform the learning environment for students
inside and outside the campus.

c. Information Technology

As stated in Techtarget.com, Information technology is the use of any computers,

storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create,
process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data. The term Information
Technology was coined by the Harvard Business Review, in order to make a distinction
between purpose-build machines designed to perform a limited scope of functions and
general-purpose computing machine that could be programmed for various task.

As the IT industry evolved from the mid-20th century, it encompassed transistors

and integrated circuits computing capability advance while device cost and energy
consumption fell lower, a cycle that continues today when new technologies emerge.

According to Techopedia that IT involves many things. Take, for instance, an IT

department in a company. There are many people with many jobs and varies
responsibilities. These responsibilities range from keeping systems and data secure to
keeping networks up and running. There are people who input data, people who
manage database and people who do programming. There are also the decision
makers, such as Chief Information Officers (CIOs), who decide how an IT department
will operate and what components will be purchased.

IT also includes the management of data, whether it is in the form of text, voice,
image, audio or some other form. It can also involve things related to the internet. This
gives IT a whole new meaning, since the internet is its own realm. IT involves the
transfer of data, so it makes sense that the Internet would be a part of IT. IT has
become a part of our everyday lives and continues to proliferate into new realms.

According to Mirzodaler Muhsinzoda, The competitiveness of most companies is

in a large degree based on the effective use of information technologies and information
systems especially. The main purposes of information systems are provide the right
information to the right people at the right time. It is used to track, store, manipulate and
distribute the information from gathered data to appropriate persons when necessary.

In this post I thought to think about what advantages and disadvantages can
bring to the businesses and society the integrating information systems. Of course,
without any doubt the efficient usage of information systems will give lot opportunities to
the companies and advantages to their business. Sometime it can make kind of new job
environments but on the other hand it can make some group of employees unemployed.

According to the Book of Information Technology Literacy 4th edition by Eliezer A.

Albacea, Information Technology is a term that encompasses all forms of technology
used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (text, voice,
conversations, still image, motion pictures, multimedia presentation and other forms). It
is a technology created by the convergence of the computer technology and
telecommunications technology.

Since Information Technology is closely related to computers, IT literacy is

sometimes also referred to as computer literacy. In this book we refer to both terms as
the same thing. The main objective of this book is to make each one in the class
Information Technology literate. But, when do we say that a student is already IT
Literate. IT literacy may mean differently types of people. Each one is allowed to set a
standard for IT literacy.

Information Literacy is related to IT skills, but has broader implications for the
individual, the education system and the society. It skills enable an individual to use
computers, software applications and database and other technologies to achieve a
wide variety of academic, work related and personal goals. Information literacy, while it
overlaps with IT skills is a distinct a broader area of competence. It skills are interwoven
with, and support, information literacy. Information literate individuals necessarily
develop some IT skills to be more efficient. But it should be clear that a person may be
information literature but he is lacking IT skills.

Information Technology, however, is a very wide area of study. It includes but is

not limited to the following: Internet, (World Wide Web, ecommerce technologies).
Virtual environments (virtual reality, virtual reality technologies). Artificial Intelligence,
(artificial life, computer vision, speech recognition and synthesis, natural language
processing, fuzzy logic, neural networks, expert systems, robotics). Multimedia,
Gaming, Agent Technologies, Object technologies, Geographic Information Systems.

In addition to this, Ive found out that Information technology is one of the most
important provision of information technology (IT) for people around the world especially
the students. It changed the human life by made it easier to communicate between each
other also it make the planet look like small town. All of us now can communicate each
other by divergent techniques comparison to the past. As the result IT businesses
changes and develop more by using communication technology. The companies have
many advantages and many hurdle by using communication technology; the discussion
will be limited to this area.
 d. Information

According to Merriam Webster, Information is communication or reception of

knowledge or intelligence. The knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or
instruction. Or the attribute inherent in and communicated by one of two or more
alternative sequences or arrangements of something (such as nucleotides in DNA or
binary digits in a computer program) that produce specific effect. Signal or character (as
in a communication system or computer) representing data. Something (such as
message, experimental data or a picture) which justifies change in a construct (such as
a plan or theory) that represents physical or mental experience or another construct. But
the simplest way of explaining it is, it is the act of informing people.

But as stated in Wikipedia, The concept that information is the message has
different meanings in different contexts. Thus the concept of information becomes
closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education,
knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation,
and entropy. Information is that which informs. In other words, it is the answer to a
question of some kind. It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents
values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or
abstract concepts. As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily
coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the
case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer.

Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or

indirect observation of anything. That which is perceived can be construed as a
message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the
content of a message.

e. Technology

According to Wikipedia, Technology ("science of craft", from Greek ,

techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -, -logia) is the collection of techniques,
skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the
accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the
knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in machines
to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings.

Technology has many effects. It has helped develop more advanced economies
(including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many
technological processes produce unwanted by-products known as pollution and deplete
natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment.
 Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new
questions of the ethics of technology. Examples include the rise of the notion of
efficiency in terms of human productivity, and the challenges of bioethics.

The use of the term "technology" has changed significantly over the last 200
years. Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and it was used
either to refer to the description or study of the useful arts or to allude to technical
education, as in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (chartered in 1861).

The term "technology" rose to prominence in the 20th century in connection with
the Second Industrial Revolution. The term's meanings changed in the early 20th
century when American social scientists, beginning with Thorstein Veblen, translated
ideas from the German concept of Technik into "technology." In German and other
European languages, a distinction exists between technik and technologie that is absent
in English, which usually translates both terms as "technology." By the 1930s,
"technology" referred not only to the study of the industrial arts but to the industrial arts
themselves.

As stated in Dictionary, Technology is the branch of knowledge that deals with

the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the
environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied
science, and pure science.

According to Study.com (2003-2007), Technology is the use of scientific

knowledge for practical purposes or applications, whether in industry or in our everyday
lives. So, basically, whenever we use our scientific knowledge to achieve some specific
purpose, we're using technology. Well, there is slightly more to it than that. Technology
usually involves a specific piece of equipment, but that equipment can be incredibly
simple or dazzlingly complex. It can be anything from the discovery of the wheel, all the
way up to computers and MP3 players.

After studying those definitions, Ive found out that Technology is a body of
knowledge dedicated to construct tools, undertaking action and release of materials. We
use technology to fulfill heterogeneous tasks in our daily lives. Technology is also an
implementation of science to solve problem. If technology is applied very well we can
receive benefits but if we dont use it well it can cause to harm.
 f. Computer

According to Wikipedia, A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out

arbitrary sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of
computers to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs, enables them to
perform an extremely wide range of tasks.

A computer is a machine (mostly electronic) that is able to take information

(input), and process it to make new information (output). Calculating machines have
existed for much of human history. Early examples are the astrolabe and the abacus.
There are four main processing steps in a computer, and they are: inputting, storage,
outputting and processing.

Modern computers are very different from early computers. They can do billions
of calculations per second. Most people have used a personal computer in their home
or at work. Computers do many different jobs where automation is useful. Some
examples are controlling traffic lights, vehicle computers, security systems, washing
machines and digital televisions.

As stated in Computer Fundamentals of M. Soriano and J. Caballero (2010). A

computer is built to carry out instructions that are written in a very simple type of
language called machine language. Each type of computer can directly execute a
program only if the program is expressed in that language.

It is a complex system consisting of many different components. Computer also

known as a single component that does the actual computing. This is the Central
Processing Unit or CPU, the job of the CPU is to execute programs.

In addition to this, Ive found out that a computer is a device that operate
information or data. It has capability to store, retrieve, and process data.

g. Fundamentals

According to Merriam Webster, Fundamental is a serving as a basis supporting

existence or determining essential structure or function or of or relating to essential
structure, function, or facts.

As stated in Your Dictionary, From Late Latin fundamentalis, from Latin

fundamentum (foundation), from fundare (to lay the foundation (of something), to
found), from fundus (bottom). Or forming a foundation or basis; basic; essential: the
fundamental rules of art. In addition to this Ive found out that Fundamental is the
foundation or basis of a study. It is the groundwork of anything.
B. Related Studies

According to the Study of D. Sulisworo, K. F. Ishafit entitled Development of

Mobile Learning Application using Jigsaw Technique. Vol.10 (2016), in their
Literature Review in Mobile Learning Cites, Wireless and mobile technology
development has grown rapidly in recent years [1][2]. This technology is becoming
more and more sophisticated, but at a cheaper price. The use of a smartphone as a
mobile learning tool in schools has become controversial among teachers. On one
hand, some teachers disagree because it would interfere the learning process in the
classroom; on the other hand, some teachers saw a lot of potential that needs to be
used in learning [3][4][5]. But, todays educators realize that the digital mobile
technology has provided new opportunities for the availability of new and different
forms of learning; including the relationship between teachers, learners and learning
objects [6]. Given the current technological developments and the latest results of
research on learning motivation, appreciation toward media facilitated learning and
learning resources varied [5][7]. Learning is much easier and diverse.

The uses of mobile instruments are proven to encourage student motivation and
to support their own learning activities [1] [4]. The inability of teachers and, students
to adjust with learning environment would make ineffective interactions on learning
[6] [8]. Mobile learning (m-learning) is part of the electronic learning (e-learning) that
provide wider opportunities in mobile and more capabilities for student learning.
Thus mlearning can be defined differently from e-learning in term of the mobility of
students as learners [4][8]. Learning takes place when learners take the advantage
of learning opportunities provided by mobile technology [5] [9]. The perspectives on
mobile learning can be categorized into four, namely techno-centric, with regard to
e-learning, tools of formal education, and student-centered learning [4][10][11][12].
Nowadays, the current emphasis of technology in schools is ensuring to be used
effectively to create new opportunities for learning and to promote student
achievement [6] [8] [9].

According to the study of Issham Ismail, Siti Norbaya Azizan, Thenmolli

Gunasegaran in the Mobile Learning in Malaysian Universities: Are Students
Ready? . M-Learning: Mobility for Learners cites the evolution of portable handheld
devices and wireless technology has transformed many aspects of peoples daily life
around the globe [28]. Ownership of mobile devices has reached critical mass
around the world [29] and it is also predicted that by 2016, 25 percent of all mobile
phone owners around the world will have more than one mobile device [30]. The fact
is, these technological devices have become a must-have gadget due to its mobility
features.
 These devices include mobile phones, laptops and media devices that are easy
to carry around and keep us connected with variety of information at all time.
Abundance of these mobile technologies has also added value into educational
atmosphere thereby opens door for practitioner, educators and education policy
makers to consider the implications of these devices for modern teaching and
learning environment [28][31]. Recent advancement in the wireless mobile
technologies has facilitated this new method of learning as mobile learning [32].
Mobile learning is not merely the combination of mobile and learning [33] [34].
Mobile learning or mlearning is a rising art of using mobile or wireless devices to
enhance the learning experience while on the move [35] [31]. According to
Kukulska-Hulme and Traxler [36], devices used for mobile learning includes cell
phones, smartphones, palmtops, handheld computers, tablet PCs, laptops, and
personal media players. To date, there has never been a specific definition of
mobile learning [33]. However, based on the literatures, m-learning is defined as e-
learning through mobile computational devices: Palms, Windows CE machines,
even your digital cell phone [37]; complement e-learning by creating an additional
channel of access for users of mobile devices such as hand phones, PDAs, MP3
and MP4 players [38]; leverages learning on the mobile devices portability and
affordability [39]; acquisition of any knowledge and skill through the use of handheld
technology, anywhere and anytime [40] and exploitation of ubiquitous handheld
hardware, wireless networking and mobile telephony to enhance and extend the
reach of teaching and learning[41].

Others viewed mobile learning as mediated learning through mobile technology

[42]; useful component of the flexible learning model in making the educational
process just in time, just enough and just for me [43]; and extension of e-learning
[44] and transformative innovations for learning futures [45]. Even though reviews
indicate that mobile learning has close relationship with e-learning and d-learning
(distance learning), mobile learning is actually distinct from eLearning and d-learning
[33]. Many researchers acknowledged that m-learning is entirely different from e-
learning for its unique characteristics, such as spontaneous, private, portable,
situated, informal, bite-sized, light-weight, context aware, connected, personalized,
interactive, and mobile [40][46][47][48][49]. The dynamic context of mobile
technologies can relate to six types of learning or categories of activity, namely
behaviorist, constructivist, situated, collaborative, informal/lifelong, and
support/coordination [47]. Realizing the potential of mobile technologies to support
learning, more and more institutions around the world is now adopting this new
mode of learning, due to its significant benefits that include cost effectiveness,
convenience, motivation to learn, accessibility; anytime and where, flexibility, as well
as immediacy of information and interaction [50][51][52][53]. Mobile learning
undoubtedly has potential to transform learning from conventional chalk and talk
mode towards more digitally-rich, 21st century learning environment that suits the
characteristic of millennial learners, who accustomed having all knowledge at their
fingertips. It is clear that those millennial learners would benefit significantly from
mobile learning abound, as they have developed an information technology mindset
and multitasking skills [54] where they learn best when the learning happens in a
socially constructed and contextual, self-controlled method [54][55]. So, through
mobile learning it is expected that this mode would suit the learning style and
preferences of todays learners and engage students for a better education
performance and outcomes [56]. Even though mobile learnings visibility and
significance is growing, it is evidently undeveloped as compared to other
technologies and their pedagogies [34].

As stated by Aiza C. Sanchez in her Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree of Master in Information Technology entitled Mobile Learning Application
Using Web Services Technology(2012) cite, At present, existing mobile learning
application fit the needs of all colleges but not the lower level of education. This has
led the proponent to develop a mobile application system that could be used by the
students in the elementary level. The proposed system could be a great help
especially to those with different learning styles.

M-Learning is the acquisition of any knowledge and skill through mobile

technology, anytime anywhere resulting in an alteration in behavior. The term
mobile technology refers to any device that is designed to provide access to
information in any location or while on the move. Specially, this would include, but
not limited to mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), tablet and laptops
(http://juliecollareda.wikispace.com/mLearning. Para 1).

Likewise, E-learning is the delivery of the learning, training or education program

by electronic means. It involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g., a
mobile phone) in some ways to provide training, educational or leaving material
(Stockley as cited in Tick, 2006).

M-learning or mobile learning is "learning across multiple contexts, through social

and content interactions, using personal electronic devices."[1]:page 4 A form of
distance education, m-learners use mobile device educational technology at their
time convenience.[2] M-learning technologies include handheld computers, MP3
players, notebooks, mobile phones and tablets. M-learning focuses on the mobility of
the learner, interacting with portable technologies. Using mobile tools for creating
learning aids and materials becomes an important part of informal learning. [3]

M-learning is convenient in that it is accessible from virtually anywhere. Sharing

is almost instantaneous among everyone using the same content, which leads to the
reception of instant feedback and tips. This highly active process has proven to
increase exam scores from the fiftieth to the seventieth percentile, and cut the
dropout rate in technical fields by 22 percent. [4] M-learning also brings strong
portability by replacing books and notes with small devices, filled with tailored
learning contents. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-learning)

In addition to those studys. Mobile Learning is an education via our personal

phones, tablets, which connected into internet to absorb new knowledge through
their own smartphones. It is so flexible allowing young learners to access education
even though there is out of the school. M-Leaning provides a new path for
Universities or college to convey knowledge and educational presentations to any
students among us on any platform anytime we needed. Also there is an
Advantages and disadvantages using this Mobile Learning. In education like giving
students a Motivation. It really motivates children to learn from tablets or other
mobile devices. Also there is more content in Mobile learning. Videos and audios are
things you can add and gets the attention of students.

Also the students can work together even though they are apart from each other.
But also there are disadvantages using them. We all know that it could be
Distraction. Children are more on gaming than learning because it seems much fun
other than the other. Second not all students has smart phones. We all know that
smartphone cost a lot and not all can afford it.