ENCE717 Bridge Engineering Steel Bridges

Steel Bridges
1. Behavior of Composite Steel I-Girder
Bridges (7.1.1)
2. Steel I-Girder Bridge Grid-Modeling
Consideration (7.1.3)
3. Principle and Modeling of Steel I-Girder
Bridges (7.2)
Chung C. Fu, Ph.D., P.E.
(http: www.best.umd.edu) 4. Behavior of Composite Steel Box-Girder
Bridges (8.1)
5. Principle and Modeling of Steel Box-Girder
1
Bridges (8.2)

Composite Steel I-girder Bridges Composite Steel I-girder Bridges

Stage 1: Erection of structural
steel framing (girders and cross
frames),
Stage 2: Placement of the
structural deck slab (wet
concrete),
Stage 3: Placement of
appurtenances (e.g., barriers,
railings, overlays) representing
the long-term (LT) loading, and
Stage 4: Bridge in-service
condition (e.g., carrying live
Total normal stress: a combination of axial stress, major axis bending
stress, lateral bending stress, and warping normal stress (Figure 7.3).
loads; vehicular, rail,
pedestrian), representing the Total shear stress is the sum of vertical shear stress, horizontal shear
short-term (ST) loading. stress, St. Venant torsional shear stress (generally relatively small), and
warping shear stress (Figure 7.4).
 Steel I-girder Bridge Steel I-girder Bridge
Grid Modeling Consideration Grid Modeling Consideration

Principle and Modeling Principle and Modeling

of Steel I-girder Bridges
1. Beam Charts: standard beam design charts and
other design aids for approximate analysis;
2. Line Girder Analysis Method:
approximate method in the AASHTO LRFD
3. Grid Analysis Method
of Steel I-girder Bridges
5. 3D FEM Analysis Methods
In-plane shell -beam model
3D brick-shell model
3D shell-beam model

3D shell-shell model
4. Plate and Eccentric Beam Analysis Methods
5. 3D FEM Analysis Methods (next) 3D brick-beam model
 Modeling of Steel I-girder Bridges Principle and Modeling
3D FEM Analysis of Steel I-girder Bridges
Table7.1 ConversionofFEMstressresultantstobeammomentsandshears
GIRDER #1 - MAX (-) FORCES -0.28 k = Fz

30 649.72 k
-0.58 k-ft = My
18.71 k-ft = Mz -9.95 k = Fy
1.12 ft

838 -26.84 k
102.62 k = Fy (a) (b)
top & bottom length = 4.0 ft
side length = 2.234 ft 1.12 ft
thickness = 0.052 ft
top element h shear = 883.38 k
top element v shear = -129.05 k
bottom element h shear = -1009.66 k -78.70 k 1.12 ft
bottom element v shear = -378.38 k -117.29 k = Fy

898

1.12 ft
-2.45 k = Fz
(c) (d)
90 -635.01 k Sample Influence Surfaces of a Curved Steel I-girder Bridges (a) Inner Girder In-
-0.82 k-ft = My span Bending Moment at C; (b) Inner Girder Interior Support Bending Moment at
-19.95 k-ft = Mz 10.02 k = Fy
TORSION = -45.85 k-ft MOMENT = 3114.33 k-ft G; (c) Outer Girder Interior Support Bending Moment at D; (d) Second Interior
SHEAR = -108.28 k
Girder Interior Support Reaction at F

Principle and Modeling

Steel Bridges
of Steel I-girder Bridges
1. Behavior of Composite Steel I-Girder Bridges
(7.1.1)
2. Steel I-Girder Bridge Grid-Modeling Consideration
Figure7.20 Crosssectionviewofagirdersubstringersystem (7.1.3)
3. Principle and Modeling of Steel I-Girder Bridges
(7.2)
4. Behavior of Composite Steel Box-Girder
Bridges (8.1)
Straddle bent cap modeled 5. Principle and Modeling of Steel Box-Girder
by support stiffness Bridges (8.2)
 Equivalent thickness of the top bracing
Behavior of Steel Box-girder Bridges for the quasi-closed box
Figure8.1 Steelboxgirders:
(a) Unstiffenedclosedboxgirder;
(b) Unstiffenedtubgirderwithlateralbracing;
(c) (c)Stiffenedclosedboxgirder

(c)

14

Behavior of Steel Box-girder Bridges Composite Steel Box-girder Bridges

Toplateralbracingsystem

Internalverticalcrossframe

Externalcrossframe

Figure 8.9 illustrates the general box girder normal stresses which can
occur in a curved or skewed box-shaped girder.
Closed box sections are extremely efficient at carrying torsion by means
of St. Venant torsional shear flow (Figure 8.10). When combined with
vertical shear in the webs, this shear flow is always subtractive in one
web and additive in the other.
 Box Girder Bottom Flange
Modeling of a Twin-box Girder Bridge
under In-plane Action

(a) Unstiffenedplatewithsmallaspectratioa/b
(b) (b)Unstiffenedplatewithlargeaspectratioa/b

2D Grillage model
3D Brick-Shell model
(c)Stiffenedplate 3D Shell-Shell model

High Load Multi-Rotational bearings 3D Beam Element Model

for Girder Bridges with Boundary Conditions and Their Reactions

(a) Disk bearing

(b) Pot bearing
(c) Spherical bearing