COUNTING FPC, Factorial, Combination

TECHNIQUES and Permutation

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
apply the different counting techniques in real-world
problems
identify which of the counting techniques is applicable
for a certain problem
compute for the probabilities of events using counting
techniques

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

COUNTING TECHNIQUES
Fundamental Principle of Counting (FPC)
or Multiplication Principle, Factorial
Combination
Permutation
Circular Permutation
Permutation of n Alike Objects
STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO
SOME REAL WORLD
PROBLEMS
Example:
In how many ways can you form a 3-digit number using
the numerals 0,4,5,6 if no digit is repeated.
In how many ways can you draw 2 balls from a box of
8 red balls, 5 blue balls and 4 yellow balls.
In how many ways can a family of 8 arrange themselves
in a dining table if the father and mother sits in either of
the ends of the table.
STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO
FPC OR MULTIPLICATION
PRINCIPLE
If the first event can happen in n1 ways, and if the
event happened, the second event can happen in n2
ways, and so on. Then, the total number of ways the
whole experiment happens is
= 1 2

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

FPC OR MULTIPLICATION
PRINCIPLE
Example:
Find the number of ways to fill up the positions of the
Mayor and Vice Mayor if there are 4 candidates for
mayor and 3 candidates for vice mayor.

= 4 3 = 12

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

FACTORIAL
Example:
Shawns cellphone pass code consists of five letters S, H, A,
W and N. In how many ways can Murphy hack Shawns
code if no letter is repeated?
= 5 4 3 2 = 5! = 120

NOTE: situations like this makes use of the FACTORIAL

technique in counting
! = 1 2 1
STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO
COMBINATION
If the experiment takes r objects from a number of n
objects without any order, then the arrangement of the n
objects taken r at a time is computed as
!
=
= ! !

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

COMBINATION
Example:
In how many ways can you hack a phones pass code if the code
has four digits?
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 4-digit code
10
4
= 210

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

COMBINATION
Example:
If a committee of 5 members is to be formed from a class of 30,
in how many ways can the teacher group the students?
30
= 142,506
5

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

PERMUTATION
If we want to arrange n different objects with
consideration given to the order of the objects, then
the number of permutations of n different objects
taken r at a time is computed as
!
= =
!

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

PERMUTATION
Example:
Find the number of permutations using the 4 different
letters a,b,c,d if they are taken 2 at a time.
4 4!
= = 12
2 42 !

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

PERMUTATION
Example:
In how many ways can a boy arrange his 5 different toys
in a row?
5 5!
= = 120
5 (5 5)!

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
If objects are to be arranged in a circle with one object in
a fixed position, then the circular permutation of the
objects is computed as
= 1 !

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
Example:
If 6 persons are to be arranged in a round table with 6
chairs, in how many ways can they be seated?
= 6 1 = 5! = 120

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
Example:
How many ways can 6 ladies be seated in a circular table
if 2 ladies must always sit beside each other?
*Solution: The 2 ladies would be the fixed object-taken as
one. The 2 ladies can be arranged in 2 ways (lady 1, lady
2) or (lady 2, lady 1).
2
1 ! = 5 1 ! = 4! 2 = 48
2
STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO
PERMUTATION WITH ALIKE
OBJECTS
If some of the r objects taken from n are alike, the
permutation of these objects is computed as
!
=
1 ! 2 ! !
Where rs stand for the number of alike objects

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

PERMUTATION WITH ALIKE
OBJECTS
Example:
How many permutations are there in the word
TAGAYTAY?
n=8, r1=2 (T), r2=3 (A), r3=1 (G), r4=2(Y)
Hence,
8!
= 2!3!1!2!
= 1,680

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

PERMUTATION WITH ALIKE
OBJECTS
Example:
If 7 numbers will be used to form telephone numbers, how
many possible telephone numbers can be formed if 3 will
be used twice, 2, thrice and 5, twice?
Hence,
7!
= = 210
2!3!2!

STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO

LETS TRY
If two coins are tossed, in how many ways can
they fall?
If a hospital hires 8 nurses, in how many ways can
they be assigned to 8 different departments?
In how many ways can a committee of 6 students
be organized from a class of 30 students?
In how many ways can 12 boys be seated on a
bench if only 5 seats are available?
STATISTICS 1 | A.Y. 2017-2018 | A. SARMIENTO