International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)

Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org

Volume 6, Issue 5, September- October 2017 ISSN 2278-6856

Mapping of Urban Settlement along the Major

Roads of the Jodhpur City Using Geospatial
Technologies
S. L. Borana1 and S.K.Yadav2
RSG, DL, Jodhpur-342011, Rajasthan, India

(an increase of 91 million), while the rural population

Abstract: This research paper addresses the issue of urban increased from 742.5 million in 2001 to 833 million in
sprawl along the Major Roads in the context of Jodhpur city. 2011(an increase of 90.5 million). The increase in the
Subsequently, an attempt has been made to understand the rural population was lower than that for the urban
process of new settlement and industrial growth over the time. population for the first time since the 1951 census. Data
Remote sensing and GIS technology pay a significant role in from the 2011 census shows that the actual urban
studies of urban growth. Satellite Data of Landsat, IRS-P6 ,
population was 19 million more than predicted (Bhagat,
SOI toposheets and ground truth data were used for
preparation of GIS based outputs maps of the Jodhpur city and 2011a). This is due to push of rural population towards
surrounding areas. Satellite images were classified for finding urban areas. Table-1 shows that Indias urban population
different changes using urban sprawl measurement along the was 62 million in 1951, which constituted about 17 per
major periphery road of the city. The growth of the Jodhpur city cent of the total population. While the urban population
is along the major highway like Pal road, Pali road, Jaipur increased six fold during the period from 1951 to 2011,
Road, Nagore Road and Chopasni Road. City is not developing the level of urbanization only increased from 17 per cent
in concentric manner but it is spreading linearly in leapfrog in 1951 to 31 per cent in 2011.
pattern and in the direction which offers better opportunities in
terms of industrial location and residential areas. Table- 1. Trends in urbanization in India.(1951-2011)
Keywords: GIS, Urban growth, Road Network, Landsat.
Census Urban Urban Annual exponential
year population (%) urban growth
1. INTRODUCTION (in millions) Rate (%)
Urban sprawl has become a burning topic in the urban
1951 62.44 17.29
planning and management of many countries in both the
1961 78.94 17.97 3.47
developed and the developing world. A number of authors
1971 109.11 19.91 2.34
have defined `Sprawl' in a variety of ways. Burchell et al
(1998) synthesized forty years of research on the impacts 1981 159.46 23.34 3.79
of urban sprawl and concluded that the three conditions 1991 217.18 25.72 3.09
that define the negative impacts of sprawl are leapfrog 2001 286.12 27.86 2.75
development, low-density and unlimited outward 2011 377.10 31.16 2.76
expansion. Cheng (2003) has also defined it as a rapid Source: Census of India, (after Bhagat, 2012).
expansion of the built-up area into suburbs in a
discontinuous low-density form. Recent literature has 1.2. Population Growth Trends in Jodhpur
defined urban sprawl as a change in land-use and land-
Population wise, Jodhpur is the second biggest city of
cover of the region as sprawl induces the increase in built-
Rajasthan with population as per 2001 census as 856034.
up and paved area (Sudhira and Ramachandra, 2007). A
In last ten decades, there is ten-fold increase in population.
general consensus is that the urban sprawl is characterized
In 2011, the population of the Jodhpur was 1.03 million
by unplanned and uneven pattern of growth and is driven
reporting an annual growth rate of 2.05 percent. Jodhpur
by multitude of processes leading to inefficient resource
Municipal Corporation comprises 81.7 percent of the total
utilization (Bhatta, (2010). This knowledge is crucial to
urban population of Jodhpur district in 2011. The
sustainable land management and urban development
Municipal Corporation covers an area of 78.6sq kms with a
planning. There is no universal solution for all forms of
density of 13438 persons per sq kms. Population up to year
sprawling though. Yet there is a need for such study in the
2011 is from Census Department and that from 2021 up to
context of the study area.
2031 is projected population (Fig.1). Jodhpur experienced
1.1. Trends in Urban Population in India phenomenal growth in the decade 1971-1981 with growth
According to the 2011 census, the urban population rate as high as 59.42%. The city is densely populated
grew from 286 million in 2001 to 377 million in 2011 within the walled city limits. As these areas have reached

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 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 6, Issue 5, September- October 2017 ISSN 2278-6856
saturation levels, development has started on the outskirts holds living in houses which are in good condition while
of the walled city. 24.59 percent are in livable conditions. The population of
household residing in own house is 79.60 percent. The
population household in slums is 23 percent. The total road
length of concrete roads in the city is 1225kms while the
road, There are 28 streetlights for every km. The
proportion of households which own two-wheelers are
59.74 percent, whereas households owing four wheelers
are 12.89 percent.

Figure 1 Population growth trends for Jodhpur city (Source:

Census of India).

1.3. Aim and Objectives

To identify the patterns of urban sprawl along the
road in Jodhpur Municipal.
To Geospatially map the Urban Growth along the
Roads.
To Map the Industrial growth Zone along the
Roads.

2. STUDY AREA
Jodhpur, the second largest city in Rajasthan, is one
amongst the popular tourist destinations of India. It is
known as the "Sun City" because of its bright and sunny
weather. On an average about 4000 tourists visit the city
every day. The future land use strategy of Jodhpur aims at
the growth in the tourism and industrial sectors. The
location map of the study area is shown in Fig.2.
2.1 Economic Profile
The per-capita income of Jodhpur is Rs.24,523 which is
higher than that of Rajasthan is Rs. 23194. The head count
Ratio of urban poverty in Jodhpur is 5.4 percentas
compared to 10.7 percent in Rajasthan in 2011-2012.The
working population of Jodhpur comprises of 32.55 percent
of the total population, of which 89.46 percent of the
workers constitttes main workers the rest fall under
marginal worker category. The occupational profile of the
worker reveals that in Jodhpur 28.1 percent of the workers
were engaged in elementary occupation followed by craft
and related trade work(26.3 percent) and service & sales
works(18.1 percent) in 2011-12. An industrial
classification of urban worker in Jodhpur reveals that 28.7
percent of the workers are engaged into manufacturing
sector(33.8 percent), followed by equal share of workers
(19.3) in wholesale and retail trade and construction sector
in 2011-12.
Figure 2 Location Map of the Study Area.
3. DATASET USED AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Date Used
Survey of India Toposheets (1:50000)
Satellite data: Landsat TM (1990), ETM+ (2010
and 2015) images (source:
http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu).
Census of India Census data 2001 and 2011.
Local Planning Report (Source: Jodhpur
Municipal Corporation ).
3.2 Methodology
False Colour Images of Landsat data on scale
1:50,000 for 1990 and 2015 with Survey of India
(SoI) maps were used in the present study. The
software ERDAS-9.2 is used for image
interpretation, image preprocessing and post
processing techniques. ARCGIS-9.3 is used for
extraction of built up area, preparation of basemap,
integration, overlay and presentation of the spatial
and non-spatial data of study area. The Research
methodology adopted is given in Fig.3.

2.2 Infrastructure Profile

There are 260 schools and 5 degree college per 100000
pupulation. In Jodhpur city, there are 73.69 percent house

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 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 6, Issue 5, September- October 2017 ISSN 2278-6856
the pace in the development in study area that has a large
number of industries and companies. It has stepped up
demand for transport. The area under study has roads, rail
for the purpose of transport, out of which roads and rail are
more in use. The roads available for intra study area and
going outside are as follows i) NH-112 It passes
through the central study area towards Jaipur, ii) NH-65- It
passes through the central study area towards Nagaur and
iii)NH-114 (Fig.4).

Figure 3 Methodology Adopted.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Under the study, urban sprawl was analyzed over a period
from 1990 to 2015 by computing built-up areas from
satellite imageries of the years 1990, 2000 and 2015.
Geospatial mapping of built-up and industrial zone along
the major roads have been carried out.
4.1 Urban Sprawl of Jodhpur city
The growth of the city increased sizably resulting in Figure 3 Major Road network of the Study Area.
development of areas outside the city wall. These
developing residential nodes include Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Important State Highway passing along the study area are
Ramraj Nagar, Vivek Vihar, etc, in the south and SH-58, 61, 63 & 68. Road network map has been prepared
southwest. Several industries, educational institutions and using RS and GIS for the analysis of development of new
establishments are the major developments proposed in the built-up and industrial zones. Fig.5 shows road buffer zone
north and eastern direction. The developments are around of 200 meter and 500 meter on either side of these roads
the road network, so the residential and commercial demarcation of settlement along the Roads. The area lying
activities spread along the roads, as a result the pattern of between 200 meter distances on both side of the road
urban expansion was radial. Later the development was network is rank high for development and consequently the
due to rapid population growth and due to the restriction area lying 500 meter is rank low development.
for the vertical development. The horizontal development
was not uniform in all direction, the development in north
east part was restricted by hills and defence establishment.
Major development take place towards the south and some
of the activities of the city could be located in other
directions. Both in terms of area as well as population. The
location of the various institutions in Jodhpur city has a
collective effect on its development. To overcome and to
develop north east part various measures has been taken
like establishing and shifting many public and semi public
organization to the north, improving road connectivity,
improving the transport system.

4.2 Major Road Network in Jodhpur City Figure 5 JMC-Major and NH Road Buffer -200m and 500m.
Transport services play a major role in the development of
any region. This creates a growing demand for urban
infrastructure, especially for urban transport infrastructure
and public transport. Transport facilities have accelerated

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 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
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Volume 6, Issue 5, September- October 2017
4.3 Spatitemporal Mapping of Urban Growth along
the Road
Urbanization takes place either in radial direction around a
city center or linearly along major road networks. Such
dispersed nature of urban development along major road
networks or surrounding city center is often referred to as
sprawl (Sudhira et al., 2004). Some of the major factors
responsible for urban sprawl are population growth,
proximity to major resources, services and infrastructure.
The growth of the Jodhpur city is along the major highway
like Pal road, Pali road, Jaipur Road, Nagour Road and
Jaisalmer Road (Borana et. al., 2013). New residential and
commercial areas have been established over the two
decades. The Master Plan 2023 of the city also aims at
relocation the activities of Regional context from Jodhpur
City to outer areas and in Satellite towns. It also proposes
to locate all future industrial activities and estates and large
scale industries at the periphery. The pattern of sprawl has
to be identified and analyzed effectively to help urban and
regional planning. In this study urban sprawl over the
period of 1990 to 2015 has been mapped by computing the
area of all the built lands from land cover maps and
visualize in GIS environment. Major roads are the main
settlement zones for the city (Fig.6 &7).
Figure 6 Landsat Image(1990and 2015) shows new urban
growth along the Major Roads.
Figure 7 GIS Map of Urban Growth along Major Roads.
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ISSN 2278-6856
4.4 Built-up Growth Trend in Jodhpur City
The rapid growth of population of the city has put great
pressure on the demand for urban spaces. In response to
this demand, efforts are being made by the city
government to incorporate the peripheral areas of the city
which is resulting in hastening the expansion of the built-
up area of the city. Accordingly, Jodhpur has experienced
rapid physical expansion (Table-2).
Table-2 Physical Growth (Built-up area) of the Jodhpur City.
Year Urban Area (km2) Growth Growth Rate
1990 24.97
2000 68.98 44.01 1.76
2010 114.42 45.44 0.65
2015 131.25 16.83 0.15
The physical expansion of the built-up area of the city
during the period 1950 to 1973 was characterized by a
compact type of development. From 1973 to 1990, the
built-up area increased by 24.97 sq km. The next period of
physical expansion of the city was between 1990 and 2000
when the built-up area expanded by 68.98 sq km. During
the most recent period of physical expansion, between
2000 and 2010, the physical built-up area of Jodhpur
increased by 114.42 sq km. Expansion of the city was
characterized by the development of scattered and
fragmented settlements in the peripheral areas of the city
with both legal residents and squatters. In 2015, Jodhpur
city had an estimated total of 131.25 sq km with squatter
settlements and estimated growth rate was 15 per cent of
the total built-up area. The urban growth along major roads
is mapped over the decades and GIS thematic maps are
generated for temporal growth of the city (Fig.8).
Figuer 8 Temporal wise Urban Expantion of Jodhpur city (1973-2015).
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 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
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Volume 6, Issue 5, September- October 2017
The Jodhpur Urban area is the major economic core but at
the same time, it is crucial to actually realize the
contribution of the region towards the economy. A ring
road (70 Km.) is proposed around the Jodhpur city to
increase the mobility of the city and divert the through
traffic without adding the congestion to the city road
network. In addition to the above another ring road is also
necessary to develop from Jaisalmer-Pali-Jaipur link road
to Nagore-Jodhpur NH-65. The city grew around the core
area and consequently several roads that form the radials
became prominent (Fig.9 &10).
Figure 9 New settlement along the Mandore Road.
Figure 10 New urban growth along NH-65 Road.
4.5 Growth of Industrial Zones along the Roads
In the recent years Jodhpur has increasingly became the
important industrial centre. The Rajasthan State Industrial
Development and Investment Corporation Limited
(RIICO) has developed industrial areas in the district.
Jodhpur is the third most industrialized district in
Rajasthan. Jodhpur district accounts for 6 per cent of the
net domestic product from the Mining & Manufacturing
Sector of the state. About 1968 acre land is under industrial
development, which is 12.06 per cent of total developed
area and is likely to be 5135 acre in 2023 under Master
Plan-II (2001- 2023). Main industries of Jodhpur are
textiles, handicrafts, steel re-rolling and pata patti, guar
gum, chemical & minerals, stone cutting & processing and
food processing units.The industrial areas also developed
along the major Roads. Some important industrial zones
along the Roads are:
NH-65N: Mandore Stone Park, Mathania Agro Food Park.
NH-65S: Basni Phase I & II, Sangaria.
NH-112-Boronada. Boranada , Shilpgram Pal Ind. Area.
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The industrial zones become important urban settlement
zones in the Jodhpur city. Earlier these were established at
city peripheral area but now most of these areas came
under the JDA limits. Temporal Mapping of these
industrial areas was also carried out in GIS and thematic
maps generated (Fig.11.).
Figure 11 Temporal wise Industrial Expansion along the major Roads.
5. CONCLUSION
This study amply demonstrates the use of remote sensing
and GIS to analyze the urban sprawl mapping along the
peripheral roads of the city. Recently urban expansion in
the study region is governed by the road network mainly
following a ribbon shaped linear spread. A marked
significant growth has been noticed along the national
highways and roads connecting the city in three directions
namely Pal Road in SSW, Pali Road in SSE and Mandore
Road in NNW. There is little urban growth in North West
due to hills and mining areas. While most of the economic
activities are located in and around the old city area, the
residential colonies have grown in the south western, north
eastern, south eastern and southern parts, which are far off
from the old city (the main centre of activities). Due to
establishment of new industrial zones on the peripheral
roads new settlement has also occurred. The study suggests
that the road network has a significant influence on the
expansion and transformation of land for different uses in
and around the city.
Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful to the Director DL, Jodhpur and
Head, Department of Mining Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas
University, Jodhpur for help and encouragement during the
study.
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Volume 6, Issue 5, September- October 2017
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AUTHOR
Dr S.L Borana received ME (Electronics &
Communication) and PhD from JNV
University, Jodhpur. Presently he is working
in Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur and has
experience of 13 years in the area of remote
sensing and GIS. His research interests include: Remote
Sensing & GIS, Disaster Mgt, Image Processing.

Dr S.K Yadav received MSc (Geology) and

PhD from JNV University, Jodhpur.
Presently he is working in Defence
Laboratory, Jodhpur and has experience of 18
years in the area of remote sensing and
terrain analysis. His research interests include: Remote
Sensing Geology, GIS & Urban Planning. , Risk Analysis
& Disaster Management.

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