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Measurements Techniques
Y Ohno, NIST
IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America)
Covers measurements of
Total luminous flux (lumen)
Luminous efficacy (lm/W)
Chromaticity, CCT, CRI (4 integrated)
Luminous intensity distributions
Methods using
Sphere-spectroradiometer
Sphere-photometer
Goniophotometer
Method Using a Sphere Spectrometer
Total spectral radiant flux standard lamp
4 geometry 2 geometry
Method Using a Sphere Photometer
Total luminous flux standard lamp
4 geometry 2 geometry
Method Using a Goniophotometer
9.3.7 Calibration
calibrated against the illuminance or luminous intensity
standards traceable to national standards
shall be validated by measurement of total luminous flux
standard lamps traceable to national standards.
ANSI C78.377 Specifications for the Chromaticity of
SSL products
For indoor
application only
No standards
for outdoor
lighting
IES LM-80-08 Approved Method for Measuring
Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Covers LED packages, arrays and modules
only (not LED luminaires).
Lifetime of LEDs is strongly dependent on the junction
temperature.
Model 0
by extrapolation.
Y Zong, NIST
Goal for Measurement of High-power
LEDs
Y Zong, NIST
IESNA LM-xx Method using a sphere
spectroradiometer
DC mode operation of LED
2 geometry 4 geometry
IESNA LM-xx Method using a sphere spectroradiometer
IESNA LM-xx Method using a sphere photometer
2 geometry 4 geometry
Key Integrating Sphere Photometer
Features
Diffusely reflecting coating High reflectance coating Baffle(s) to screen direct view
between sample or light
source and detector
Spherical cavity
Spectrometer Spectrometer
Dt As
t = s k
Ds At
SSL Test Methods
4 Substitution Method 2 Substitution Method
Reference
Reference standard Substitution
standard SSL
product
Cosine-
Cosine- response
response Baffle
SSL Auxiliary
Auxiliary product lamp
lamp
Baffle
Spectro-
Spectro- radiometer
radiometer
Source: IESNA LM 79
Trend for Larger Spheres
LM-79
4 geometry
less than 2% of total area
of the sphere (ex. 30cm
in a 2M sphere
2/3 diameter for linear
lamps
2 geometry
1m or larger for compact
lamps
Less than 1/3 of sphere
diameter
2m for 500W or larger
How Practical?
Integrating Hemisphere
Spectraflect
Coating
Integrating Hemisphere
Base-UP lighting
Base-Side lighting
Base-Down lighting
Surface Radiance
i
Ls M
A
Integrating Sphere (IS) Integrating Hemisphere (IH)
m
M= M = +
1 (1 f ) 1 (1 2 f ) 1 m (1 2 f )
Relative Efficiency Comparison
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
Reflectance
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850
nm
Smaller Footprint
Orientation: Test in same orientation
it will be used
More accurate
Can mount sample in center of
hemisphere plane and associated
control/cooling electronics outside of
sphere
More sensitive
Surface radiance ~2X that of same
diameter integrating sphere for
same light source
Lower cost of ownership
Can go much longer without
recoating due to lower need to open
up interior to room contaminants
Application: Street Light
Luminous Flux Sensitivity: Ambient Air
34
Ambient Air Control: Luminous Flux
LM-79 & LM-80
states: 25 +/-1oC
Input and Output vents
Baffles
Heat Exchanger with
temperature feedback
loop
Spectral Flux Sensitivity: Case
Temperature
Spectral Radiant Flux
Spectral Radiant Flux (mW/nm)
Tc (K)
Wavelength (nm)
36
Thermal Electric Control
Characterize photometric, colorimetric, electric and efficiency as a function of
temperature.
Calibration
What is a Forward Spectral Flux
Standard?
Calibrated total forward spectral radiant flux standard light
source.
Provides a projected beam of light for situations where
calibration calls for the standard source to have a geometry
similar to the source being measured
SSL fixtures
Flashlights
Projectors
Minimizes substitution error in an integrating sphere
measurement since the standard and the device under test are
both external to the integrating sphere.
Need for a Forward Spectral Flux
Standard
Solid state lighting flux measurements using an integrating
sphere
IESNA LM-79
IESNA-LM XX
Flashlight flux measurement using an integrating sphere
ANSI/NEMA FL1-2009
Labspheres Integrating Hemisphere Light Measurement
Systems
Requirements of a Forward Flux
Standard
Requirements
Robust
Stable
Repeatable
Reproducible
Continuous
Current
Regulated
Luminous Flux Uncertainty Budget
MI
S S V
LT = T LR = T LR 0 R (1 t )
SR SR rR J R 0
Description Symbol u value units type DOF Sensitivity contribution
t
working standard wl1
1.41E-03 9.80E-04 NA B inf 1.71E+03 2.42E+00
aging factor
Questions / Inquiries?
Greg McKee
Director Systems Business Unit
Labsphere
E-Mail: gmckee@labsphere.com