Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Fall 2014
Term Paper Format: The format will follow that required for ASCE STRUCTURES
congress (see handout)
All papers will be checked using Ithenticate. ANY evidence of plagiarism will result in a
grade of zero for the offending paper. Plagiarism in the term paper will therefore result
in failure of the course.
CEE 2347 Bridge Engineering 5
Plagiarism
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
to use (another's production) without crediting the source
to commit literary theft
to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source.
Merriam Webster Online Dictionary
Cut and paste from other sources is obvious plagiarism. Use of unattributed
text or images is also plagiarism when submitted or put forth as ones own
work.
https://courseweb.pitt.edu
All assignments and papers are to be submitted using the PITT CourseWeb
portal. Instructions are provided for file format.
All opinions expressed (and there will be many) are those of Dr. Harries
and do not necessarily reflect those of any cited sources.
Kent A. Harries
Clapper Bridge
at Lower
Slaughter in the
Cotswolds Clapper Bridge at Postbridge, Dartmoor
Merchants Bridge,
South Quay Footbridge, London (1997) Manchester (1995)
Trinity Bridge, Salford (1995)
CEE 2347 Bridge Engineering 23
History
Late 20th century
Enhanced computational techniques (FEM) and
new materials (HSC, HSS, FRP) have led to:
Increasingly longer bridge spans
Suspension Bridges Akashi-Kaiko Bridge
Thames Tunnel
Great Western Railway (countless
bridges)
Notable Bridges:
Maidenhead raiway Bridge (1839)
Windsor Railway Bridge (1849)
Royal Albert Bridge (1854)
Clifton Suspension Bridge (1864)
Windsor Railway Bridge Hungerford Railway Bridge (1864)
Delaware Aqueduct
Orthotropic Deck
Slab-Stringer Bridge
Roman bridge at
Senoueix, France Salginatobel Bridge
Sunshine Second
Skyway Forth Road
(1987) Bridge
Cawdor
Castle
drawbridge
and Fords
Safety Requirements
Laval Qc (2006)
Strength
Stability
Human Safety
2P 2P
nut to channel
transfers P nut to channel
transfers 2P
P P
As designed: As built:
Shear in double channel Shear in double channel
equal to weight of one equal to weight of two
walkway walkways
Louisville and
Southern Indiana
Bridges Authority
Ohio River
Bridges project
Ornamental
pylons on
16th Street
Bridge,
Pittsburgh
CEE 2347 Bridge Engineering 55
Aesthetic Requirements
Good engineering design is
aesthetically pleasing
Poor design, on the other hand
(I could not find a bridge this ugly!)
Petroski, Design Paradigms: Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering (1994)
In each case one can identify a situation where, in early examples of the
structural form, a certain factor was of secondary importance with regard to
stability of strength. With increasing scale, however, this factor became of
primary importance and led to failure. The accidents happen not because the
engineer neglected to provide sufficient strength as prescribed by the
accepted design approach, but because of the unwitting introduction of a
new type of behavior. As time passed during the period of development, the
bases of the design methods were forgotten and so were their limits of
validity. Following a period of successful construction, a designer, perhaps a
little complacent , simply extended the design method once too often.
Silby, The Prediction of Structural Failure PhD thesis, University of London (1977)
These slides include material from NTSB and FHWA reports on the collapse.
The entire discussion represents only the opinions of Dr. Harries and not
necessarily those of any cited source material.
Students are reminded that these slides are only for use in CEE 2347 and must
not be disseminated elsewhere.
Holt and Hartmann, Adequacy of the U10 & L11 Gusset Plate
Designs for the Minnesota Bridge No. 9340 (I-35W over the
Mississippi River), Interim Report, January 11, 2008.
CEE 2347 Bridge Engineering 71
Case Study: I-35W
Recreation of
actual loads
Holt and Hartmann, Adequacy of the U10 & L11 Gusset Plate
Designs for the Minnesota Bridge No. 9340 (I-35W over the
Mississippi River), Interim Report, January 11, 2008.
CEE 2347 Bridge Engineering 75
Case Study: I-35W
Holt and Hartmann, Adequacy of the U10 & L11 Gusset Plate
Designs for the Minnesota Bridge No. 9340 (I-35W over the
Mississippi River), Interim Report, January 11, 2008.
CEE 2347 Bridge Engineering 76
Case Study: I-35W
Holt and Hartmann, Adequacy of the U10 & L11 Gusset Plate NTSB, March 7, 2008.
Designs for the Minnesota Bridge No. 9340 (I-35W over the
Mississippi River), Interim Report, January 11, 2008.
All Trusses:
12612 Nationwide Rankine Bridge
706 in PA (6th)
NTSB State-by-State
Bridge Counts, March
12, 2008.