Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATION:
Application of Automation
Power generation
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION:
Building automation
HISTORY OF AUTOMATION
MANUAL CONTROL
HARDWIRED CONTROL:
Prior to PLCs, many of these control tasks were solved with contactor or
relay controls. This is often referred to as hard-wired control. Circuit diagrams
had to be designed, electrical components specified and installed, and wiring lists
created. Electricians would then wire the components necessary to perform a
specific task. If an error was made the wires had to be reconnected correctly. A
change in function or system expansion required extensive component changes
and rewiring.
DRAWBACKS:
Bulky and complex wiring.
Difficult to change the logic.
Unreliable.
RELAY :
Advantages
PROGRAM FILES:
The user program will account for most of the memory of a PLC
system.
Program files contain the logic controlling machine operation.
This logic consistes of instructions that are programmed in a ladder
logic format.
DATA FILES:
The data file protion of memory stores input and output status,
processor status, the status of various bits and numerical data.
PROGRAM SCAN:
During each operating cycle, the processor reads all inputs, takes these
values, and energizes or de-energizes the outputs according to the user
program. This process is known as a scan. Because the inputs can change at
any time, the PLC must carry on this process continuously.
SCAN PROCESS:
The scan time indicates how fast the controller can react to changes in
inputs. Scan times vary with computer model and program content, and
length. If a controller has to react to an input signal that changes states twice
during the scan time, it is possible that the PLC will never be able to detect
this change.
When the inputs is closed, the input module senses a voltage and an ON condition
(1) is entered into the input table bit 0012.
During the program scan the processor sets instructins 0012 and 506 to ON(1).
The processor turns light output 506 ON during the next I/O scan.
KEYENCE
ADDRESS:
INPUTS:
0000 to 0015
0100 to 0115
0200 to 0215
0300 to 0315
0400 to 0415
OUTPUTS:
0500 to 0515
0600 to 0615
0700 to 0715
0800 to 0815
0900 to 0915
TIMERS:
TMR<add> space #<time> (0.1sec)
TMH<add> space #<time> (0.01sec)
TMS<add> space #<time> (0.001sec)
COUNTERS:
Up counter: C<add> space #<number of count>space<internal bit>
Up/Dwn counter: C<add>space#<number of count>
1. Edit command/Lable
2. Edit line command
3. Show/Hide command
4. Jump to specified line/step
5. Find
6. Replace operand
7. Usage information
8. Edit list
9. compail
10. Show compilation error
11. Transfer to PLC
12. Read from PLC
13. Plc monitor
14. Simulator
15. Display mode
16. Description of operation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BASIC PROGRAMMES:
EX: 1
When the switch (SW) is ON, the LOAD should ON (Rung 0001)
When the switch (SW) is OFF, the LOAD should ON (Rung 0002
Note: The all programming sequence should complete with END AND ENDH.
OR :
I1 I2 L
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
AND:
I1 I2 L
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
NOR:
I1 I2 L
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
NAND:
I1 I2 L
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
EX-OR: EX-NOR:
I1 I2 L
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
I1 I2 L
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
SWITCH CONTACTS:
EX 2:
SW1 SW2 SW3 LD1 LD2 LD3
0 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 1