10/30/2016 DCtoDCConversion

DCtoDCConversion
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Powerconversiondealswiththeprocessofconvertingelectricpowerfromoneformtoanother.
Thepowerelectronicdevicesperformingthepowerconversionarecalledpowerconverters.
Thepowerconversionisachievedusingpowersemiconductordevices,whichareusedasswitches.
ThepowerdevicesusedareSCRs(siliconcontrolledrectifiers,orthyristors),triacs,powertransistors,power
MOSFETs,insulatedgatebipolartransistors(IGBTs),andMCTs(MOScontrolledthyristors).

Thepowerconvertersaregenerallyclassifiedas:

acdcconverters(phasecontrolledconverters)
directacacconverters(cycloconverters)
dcacconverters(inverters)
dcdcconverters(choppers,buckandboostconverters).

DCtoDCConversion:

DCdcconvertersareusedtoconvertunregulateddcvoltagetoregulatedorvariabledcvoltageattheoutput.

Theyarewidelyusedinswitchmodedcpowersuppliesandindcmotordriveapplications.

Indcmotorcontrolapplications,theyarecalledchoppercontrolleddrives.

Theinputvoltagesourceisusuallyabatteryorderivedfromanacpowersupplyusingadiodebridgerectifier.

Typesofdcdcconverters:buckconverter,boostconverter,andbuckboostconverter.

BuckConverter:

TheIGBTactsasahighfrequencyswitch.
TheIGBTisrepetitivelyclosedforatimetonandopenedforatimetoff.
Durington,thesupplyterminalsareconnectedtotheload,andpowerflowsfromsupplytotheload.
Duringtoff,loadcurrentflowsthroughthefreewheelingdiodeD1,andtheloadvoltageisideallyzero.
ItisalsocalledasStepdownConverter.

TheaverageoutputvoltageisgivenbyVout=DVin
whereDisthedutycycleoftheswitchandisgivenbyD
=ton/T,whereTisthetimeforoneperiod.1/Tisthe
switchingfrequencyofthepowerdeviceIGBT.

BoostConverter:

Thisconverterisusedtoproducehighervoltageat
theloadthanthesupplyvoltage.

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Whenthepowerswitchison,theinductorisconnectedtothedcsourceandtheenergyfromthesupplyis
storedinit.
Whenthedeviceisoff,theinductorcurrentisforcedtoflowthroughthediodeandtheload.
Theinducedvoltageacrosstheinductorisnegative.
Theinductoraddstothesourcevoltagetoforcetheinductorcurrentintotheload.
ItisalsocalledasStepupConverter.

Theoutputvoltageisgivenby:Vout=Vin/(1D)

ThusforvariationofDintherange0<D<1,theloadvoltageVoutwillvaryintherangeVin<Vout<.

BuckBoostConverter:

Abuckboostconvertercanbeobtainedbythecascadeconnectionofthebuckandtheboostconverter
whichisshowninthefollowingfigure.
Whenthepowerdeviceisturnedon,theinputprovidesenergytotheinductorandthediodeisreverse
biased.
Whenthedeviceisturnedoff,theenergystoredintheinductoristransferredtotheoutput.
Noenergyissuppliedbytheinputduringthisinterval.
Indcpowersupplies,theoutputcapacitorisassumedtobeverylarge,whichresultsinaconstantoutput
voltage.
Indcdrivesystems,thechopperisoperatedinstepdownmodeduringmotoringandinstepupmodeduring
regenerationoperation.

ThesteadystateoutputvoltageVoutisgivenby:Vout=VinD/(1D)

Thisallowstheoutputvoltagetobehigherorlowerthantheinputvoltage,basedonthedutycycleD.

ResonantLinkDCDCConverters:

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Theuseofresonantconvertertopologieswouldhelptoreducetheswitchinglossesindcdcconvertersandenable
theoperationatswitchingfrequenciesinthemegahertzrange.

Byoperatingathighfrequencies,thesizeofthepowersuppliescouldbereduced.

ThedcpowerisconvertedtohighfrequencyalternatingpowerusingtheMOSFEThalfbridgeinverter.
Theresonantcapacitorvoltageistransformercoupled,rectifiedusingthetwoSchottkydiodes,andthen
filteredtogetoutputdcvoltage.
Theoutputvoltageisregulatedbycontroloftheinverterswitchingfrequency.
Insteadofparallelloadingasintheabovefigure,theresonantcircuitcanbeseriesloadedthatis,the
transformerintheoutputcircuitcanbeplacedinserieswiththetunedcircuit.
Theseriesresonantcircuitprovidesshortcircuitlimitingfeature.

NextChapter:IntroductionofPowerElectronics

Previous:CharacteristicsofSemiconductorPowerDevices

TOPICS

IntroductionofPowerElectronics
CharacteristicsofSemiconductorPowerDevices
DCtoDCConversion
SingleandThreePhaseConfigurationofUncontrolledRectifiers
LineCommutatedThyristorBasedConverters
BidirectionalACtoDCVoltageSourceConverters
IssuesofLineCurrentHarmonics,PowerFactor,DistortionFactorofACtoDCConverters
SinglePhaseandThreePhaseInverters
SinusoidalPulseWidthModulation

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