Important questions

1. a) A symmetrical periodic square waveform with peak amplitude of ‘V’ volts, and time
period of ‘T’ is applied to an RC integrator circuit as an input. Find the steady state
voltage across each element in the circuit.
b) An ideal 1µs pulse is applied to an RC circuit. Calculate and plot the output waveform
when the upper 3 dB frequency is 10 MHz and 0.1 MHz.

2. a) With the help of piecewise linear transfer characteristics, explain the operation of a
clipping circuit at two independent levels.

b) A pulse of 12 V and duration of 5 µs is applied to the circuit shown in Fig.1.1.

Assuming that the capacitor in the circuit is initially uncharged, and the diode ‘D’ is
ideal, determine v0(t) and sketch the same with respect to time.

3. a) Explain how a transistor can be used as an electronic switch.

b) Design a high speed transistor switch shown in Fig.1.2 for the given specifications:
VCC = 12, VBB =10, IC = 8 mA, hFE(min) = 30, and R2 = 3R1. Assume suitable saturation,
cut off voltages for the given transistor.

4. a) Draw the self biased symmetrical binary circuit and derive the necessary relations for steady state
analysis of the circuit.
b) Discuss about different triggering methods used in multivibrator circuits.

5a) A low pass RC network is fed by an exponential input voltage. Obtain steady state
voltage across both the elements.
b) Prove that an RC low pass circuit behaves as reasonably good integrator if the time constant of the
circuit is fifteen times the time period of an input signal of V sin(wt).

6 a) Draw the clipper circuit using transistor, and explain the operation of it using suitable
waveforms.
 b) Sketch the voltage v0(t) across the diode of Figure.2.1 for the input signal shown in the
same Figure.

7. a) What are the important parameters to be observed when the transistor is operated as
electronic switch? Explain them.
b) Discuss about the switching characteristics of a PN junction diode.

8 a) With the aid of circuit diagram, obtain the mathematical relation that a collector
coupled astable multivibrator can function as a voltage to frequency converter.
b) Consider a symmetrical collector coupled astable multivibrator using n-p-n Si
transistors. The circuit and device parameters are: VCC = 6 V, RC = 560 , R = 5.6 k , C
= 50 pF, hFE = 40, and r’bb = 100 . Calculate (i) the waveforms at the base and collector
of one transistor and plot to the scale. Also find the recovery time and frequency of
oscillations.
9. a) Derive the expression for the percentage tilt when the time constant of an RC high pass
circuit is very large as compared to the period of input symmetrical square waveform.
b) When a ramp signal is transmitted through a linear RC network, the output departs
from the input. Deduce the relation for transmission error for different time constants of
the circuit as compared to the duration of the ramp signal.

10. a) List out the types of clamping circuits used in the industry. Give the circuit diagram of
each type. Explain the operation of a clamping circuit whose output signal has negative
offset.
b) Design a diode clamper circuit to restore the positive peaks of 1 kHz input signal to a
voltage level equal to 5V. Assume that the diode voltage during forward bias condition is
0.7 V.

11. a) Describe the sequence of events that lead to reverse recovery time, storage time, and
transition time in a semiconductor diode.
b) Calculate the output levels ‘v0’ of the circuit shown in Fig. 3.1 for inputs vi = 0 V, and
vi = - 8V. Verify whether the circuit acts as an inverter or not. What is the maximum
value dc current gain required. Select standard junction voltages for the Si transistor
during cut off and saturation, and assume an ideal diode in the circuit.
 12. a) Explain the operation of an emitter coupled monostable multivibrator circuit.
b) Design a collector coupled monostable multivibrator circuit for the given
specifications: VCC = 8V, VBE = -1V, IC(sat) = 2 mA, period of the quasi stable state is 2.5
µs. hFE(min) = 20, the ON transistor (Si) has base current which is 50% in excess of
minimum base current. Assume R2 = 2R1, and ICBO = 0. Assume suitable data
.
13. a) Give quantitative analysis of compensated and uncompensated attenuators. Give
suitable examples for each case.
b) A 12 Hz symmetrical square wave whose peak- to-peak amplitude is 5V is impressed
upon a high pass circuit whose lower 3 dB frequency is 15 Hz. Determine the peak to
peak amplitude of the output waveform. Find the corner voltages of the output waveform.
Also sketch the input and output waveforms on the same scale.

14. (a) State and explain clamping circuit theorem. Discuss about the practical clamping
circuit with suitable sketches.
b) A rectangular waveform of Vp-p =10 V, with T1 = 2 ms, and T2 = 20 ms is applied to
the dc restorer circuit. The circuit has source resistance Rs = 0 ohms, diode forward
resistance Rf =10 , cutin voltage V = 0 V, Rr = , R = 500 , C = 0.1µF. Compute the
steady state output waveform. Repeat the same for R = 1M .

15. a) Define rise time, storage time, fall time, and turn off time in the case of transistor as a
switch.
b) Design a common emitter transistor switch operating with two power supplies VCC =
18 V, -VBB = -12 V. The transistor is expected to operate at IC = 8 mA, and IB = 0.75 mA.
The static current gain is 25. Assume Si transistor, and R2 = 5R1.

16. a) Explain the operation of a emitter bistable multivibrator circuit with suitable sketches.
b) Design a Schmitt trigger circuit to have UTP = 6 V, LTP = 3 V using silicon
transistors whose hFE(min) = 40. Assume necessary data.

17. Explain the analysis of Schmitt trigger and draw the circuit diagram of it and calculate the UTP and
LTP
18. Explain the self bias binary or emitter coupled binary with circuit diagram and analysis