Common Measles/ Hard

Measles/Rubeola
 Causative agent: Rubeola virus

Ss RNA virus; family _______

Enveloped helical nucleocapsid

MOT: droplet spread- direct contact with

nasal or throat secretions of infected
persons
Incubation: __________
Infective stage:
Prodromal period
Reportable to DOH
 Pathogenesis:
Inhalation --- replication at the RT epithelium
--- 1st viremia --- infects the RES & lymphatics -
-- replication --- 2nd viremia --- skin and
mucous membranes and other organs

Measles rash
- Secondary to vasculitis with necrosis of epith cells
- Large inclusion bearing multinucleated giant cells
Prodromal period:
Coryza; Conjuntivitis; cough, fever,
headache
Koplik spots in mouth, and red blotchy skin
rash
the rash begins on the face on the 3rd to 7th
day and then becomes generalized
- centripetal spread: starts at the back of the ears -
nape --- head --- trunk --- extremities

- fever lyses as the rash appears

- Ab production increases as the rash appears

- heals by branny desquamation

Koplik spots
Other hallmarks of measles
Bulbar conjunctivitis Kopliks spots
Typical maculopapular rash in measles
Typical rash Branny desquamation
Typical maculopapular rash in measles
4 Types of Measles:
1. Typical measles
2. Atypical measles
- Atypical rash, no Kopliks spots, no branny
desquamation
3. Modified measles
- Minor; usually in infants < 6 mos old because of the
waning maternal Ab
- prolonged incubation period, NO Kopliks spots, no
branny desquamation
4. Hemorrhagic measles
- Very rare; fatal; massive bleeding due to DIC
 Complications of rubeola- can be life-
threatening:
a. Measles pneumonia- a rare but
devastating complication
b. reactivation of tuberculosis
c. postinfectious encephalitis- occurs as a
result of an auto-immune type reaction
d. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis- a
chronic degenerative neurologic disorder with
a high CFR that occurs several years after
infection with the measles virus
 Prevention:
Immunization with live attenuated vaccine
given to children
Initial: 9 mos
Booster: 15 mos as MMR
Contraindications: pregnancy;
immunocompromised
Immunoglobulins
Prophylaxis when given within 5 days after
exposure
Modify severity: if given after 5 days after exposure
Vitamin A
Treatment:
Maintain bedrest and provide quiet activities
for the child. If there is sensitivity to light,
keep room darkly lit.
Remove eye secretions with warm saline or
water. Encourage the child not to rub the
eyes.
Administer antipruritic; relieve cough.
Isolation
Features for Measles and Rubella
SMALL POX/ VARIOLA
 CA: Variola Virus

Brickshaped dsDNA virus; Poxviridae

family
Variola major

Variola minor
Smallpox
first human disease for which effective
immunoprophylaxis was developed
- smallpox was declared eradicated

2 strains : one that caused variola major, the

most serious form of the disease, and one that
caused variola minor

Habitat: Infected Humans

 Incubation : 10 to 12 days

MOT:

A. Respiratory tract

B. Direct contact with infected bodily fluid and

fomites
 Pathogenesis: fever, malaise, headache
Macule Papule Pustule
Pitted scars/ Pocks
 Prevention: Vaccination

Diagnosis:

- clinical
Features of Chickenpox and Smallpox.
WARTS (Verrucae vulgaris)

Mostly a benign viral infection

Nearly everyone is infected!
 WART

a small, rough tumor, typically

on hands and feet, that can resemble
a cauliflower or a solid blister. They
can grow on skin, on the inside of
mouth, on genitals and on rectal area.
 CA: Human Papillomavirus

Icosahedral, naked DS DNA virus

 SKIN WARTS

COMMON WARTS - hands, feet, elbow,

knee
PLANTAR WARTS
SUBUNGUAL
PERIUNGUAL
FLAT WARTS
GENITAL WARTS
 MOT: Skin Contact
Fomites
INCUBATION PERIOD: 3 months 2 years
venereal wart/condyloma acuminata
 GENITAL WART

 RECTAL WART

 Different virus types

Plantar warts

Flat warts

Genital Warts

Juvenile laryngea p.

Butchers warts
Malignanant or potentially malignant
lesions
Flat warts

Bowenoid papulosis

Premalignant intraepithelial
neoplasia
Malignanant or potentially malignant
lesions
Ca (cervix & penis)

Ca (larynx

Epidermodysplasia
verruciformis
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

1. Avoid skin contact with someone who

have wart
2. avoid sharing linens

3. protected sex

4. HPV VACCINE
 TREATMENT

Surgical removal (excise) wart

Laser surgery
Cryotherapy (applied or sprayed)
Electrodessication
Chemicals
ALDARA/ IMIQUIMOD
END