BSS Dimensioning

BSS and NSS System Dimensioning
SY2 Course
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Information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom and/or Nortel Matra Cellular. Except as
specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular, the holder of this document shall
keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and
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"You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or in
any form without prior written consent of Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular".
Nortel Matra Cellular and Northern Telecom 1999
"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".
PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

Publication History
Version Date Comments
02.01/EN 1995 Creation

02.02/EN January 96 V7A Evolution
02.03/EN March 96 V7B Evolution
03.01/EN July 96 V8 Evolution
03.02/EN April 97 Conversion in new format WORD6/MAC
03.03/EN June 97 Course improvement
03.04/EN September 97 Modifications after formal review
(See minutes on CO/FOR/97-310)
03.05/EN September 97 Errors corrections
03.06/EN November 97 Errors corrections
10.01/EN August 98 V10 Evolution
11.01/EN January 99 V11 Evolution
11.02/EN February 99 Errors corrections
12.01/EN August 99 V12 Evolution

ii
SY2 Course
Introduction 1
Basics on Mobile Network Dimensioning 2
BTS Dimensioning 3
Terrestrial Links Dimensionning 4
BSC Dimensioning 5
BSS Dimensioning Review Exercises 6
Case Study 7
Exercises Solutions 8
Erlang Tables 9

iii
Volume Composition
No. Title Reference Version/Edition

1 Course Notes PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN

iv
Course Presentation
This course explains the Nortel Networks method to dimension the Base
Station Subsystem (BSS)..
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the participant will be able, from a given
mobile traffic model, to dimension a BSS, that is to say:
- calculate the number of signaling and traffic radio resources per
sector, the number of TRX per sector, the number of Abis and Ater
PCM links,
- compute the size and configuration of the BSS equipment: BTS,
BSC and TCU.
Prerequisites
Before taking this course, a general knowledge of GSM standards and
products is required. An excellent way to obtain it is to attend the 5 days
SY1 course (GSM System and Products Overview).
Scope
This course applies to the V12 version of the BSS.

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vi
Table of Contents
COURSE NOTES CONTENTS
PUBLICATION HISTORY ii
SY2 COURSE iii
VOLUME COMPOSITION iv
COURSE INTRODUCTION v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
GSM TRAINING CURRICULUM 1-2

BSS NORTEL TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS 1-4
OPTIMIZATION COURSES 1-5
OBJECTIVES 1-6
CONTENTS 1-7
2. BASICS ON MOBILE NETWORK DIMENSIONING 2-1
CONTENTS 2-2
OBJECTIVES 2-3
GENERALITIES 2-5
ERLANG LAW 2-11
TRAFFIC MODEL 2-21
DIMENSIONING PROCEDURE 2-25

vii
3. BTS DIMENSIONING 3-1
CONTENTS 3-2
OBJECTIVES 3-3
OVERALL INFORMATION 3-5
DIMENSIONING DETAILED METHOD 3-13
DIMENSIONING LOOK-UP TABLES 3-25
SUMMARY OF THE BTS DIMENSIONING 3-29
REVIEW EXERCISES 3-31
4. TERRESTRIAL LINKS DIMENSIONING 4-1
CONTENTS 4-2
LOCATION OF A BSC IN RELATION TO BTS SITES 4-3
BTS CONNECTIONS 4-4
TERRESTRIAL LINK OPTIMIZATION BY DROP AND INSERT 4-5
LAPD CONCENTRATION 4-6
TEI ALLOCATION 4-7
RADIOSITEMASK 4-9
EXAMPLES 4-11
LAPD AND TRAFFIC CHANNEL DEFENSE 4-22
EXERCISE 4-23
5. BSC DIMENSIONING 5-1
CONTENTS 5-2
OBJECTIVES 5-3
OVERALL INFORMATION 5-5
SICD/SICD8V COMPUTATION 5-13
DDTI COMPUTATION 5-19
TCU CAPACITY 5-29
FINAL STEP 5-33
6. BSS DIMENSIONING REVIEW EXERCISES 6-1

viii
7. CASE STUDY 7-1
8. EXERCISES SOLUTIONS 8-1
ERLANG LAW EXERCISE 8-2

TRAFFIC MODEL EXERCISE 8-3
BTS DIMENSIONING EXERCISES 8-4
TERRESTRIAL LINKS DIMENSIONING EXERCISES 8-8
LAPD AND TRAFFIC CHANNEL DEFENSE EXERCISE 8-13
BSC DIMENSIONING EXERCISE 8-14
BSS DIMENSIONING REVIEW EXERCISES 8-15
CASE STUDY 8-20
9. ERLANG B TABLES 9-1

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x
Introduction
Section 1
Introduction
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Introduction 1-1
PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN 1-1 August, 99

Introduction
GSM Training Curriculum

1 - BSS and NSS Courses
NSS System Courses
BSS Operation
900 GSM Intelligent Networks Overview 3 days System Courses & Maintenance Courses
930 GSM DMS Overview 3 days OM1/2 BSS Operation and Maintenance 10 days
SY0 GSM General Overview 2 days
931 GSM NSS Overview 2 days
932
935
936
937
NSS
GSM Data Overview
GSM HLR-PS (Provisioning Server)
GSM Billing Mediation Device (GMBD)
OMC-S Overview & Operation
1 day
3 days
3 days
2 days
SY1
SYS
TL1
GSM System and Products
Overview
GSM System Overview
Telecommunications Overview
5 days
3 days
2 days
OM4
OM5
OM6
OM7
OMC-R Administration
BSS Databuild
BSS Operation
4 days
5 days
S8000 BTS Local Maintenance 2 days
BSS Performance
938
950
System
GSM GPP-IWF
GSM DMS Maintenance Part 1
5 days
10 days
TL4 ATM Overview 1 day
& Maintenance
OM9
Measurements Tools
BSS Operation and Fault
2 days
951 GSM DMS Maintenance Part 2 10 days

961 GSM09 Release Delta 2 days OM10 Courses
Handling
Reconfiguration Tools
4 days
3 days
962
963
970
972
Courses
GSM10 Release Delta
GSM11 Release Delta
GSM-MSC/VLR Translations
GSM HLR Service Datafill
1 day
2 days
10 days
5 days
ARI
BS21
BSS System Courses
Advanced Radio Interface
Description
BSC 12000 and TCU
3 days
OM31 BSC and TCU Local Maintenance3 days
OMDV10-12 BSS Release for V10 Experts
OMDV12 BSS Release for V11 Experts
3 days
2 days
974 GSM CCS7 Transl. and Operations 5 days OM36 BSC, TCU and BTS S8000
Advanced Description 2 days Local Maintenance 5 days
RSV1
Radio and Network Engineering
Courses
Radio Site Verification 1 day
NE2
NMO
PR1
BSS
BSS Optimization Parameters
Network Monitoring and
Optimization
S8000 BTS Family
3 days
2 days BSS Installation & Commissioning

RSV2 RSV Measurement & Post-Processing 2 days
CNE
RF0
CP1
CP2
Cellular Network Engine. Process
RF Basics
Cell Planning Fundamentals
Cell Planning Project
1 day
3 days
2 days
5 days
PR2
PR3
System
Advanced Description
S2000 L&H and e-cell BTS
Advanced Description
BSS Products Overview
2 days
1 day
2 days
PIC1
PIC7
PIC10
BSC & TCU Installation and
Commissioning.
BTS S8000 Outdoor I&C
BTS S8000 Indoor I&C
5 days
5 days
4 days
RSQ1
RSQ2
SSE1
SSE2
Radio Survey and RF Qualification
Radio Measurements
Site Survey and Site Engineering
Site Survey Visit and Engineering
2 days
3 days
1 day
PR4
SR11
SR12
Courses
BSC and TCU 3G Advanced
Description
BSS Release V11 Overview
BSS Release V12 Overview
2 days
1 day
1 day
PIC17
PIM8
BTS S8000 I&C
BTS S2000 (H&L) I&C and O&M
5 days
2 days
Case Studies 1 day SY2 BSS Dimensioning 2 days

SSE3 Aerial Verification 2 days
NETRF1 Network and RF Engineering Course 5 days
The BSS and NSS training courses are split into several families according to the
different skills required to deal with GSM networks:
System: to acquire general knowledge about GSM, as well as a general
overview of the equipment designed by Nortel Networks.
BSS System: to acquire a general knowledge on BSS system: products,
dimensioning, optimization.
BSS Operation and Maintenance: to be able to operate and maintain a
telecommunication network by fully using the OMC-R facilities and give an in-
depth understanding of the BSS functions and equipment.
NSS System: to acquire knowledge on the operation and maintenance of the
NSS part of the system.
Radio and Network Engineering: to be in charge of cell planning, BSS network
topology, field tests, data fill or BSS parameters optimization.
Installation and Commissioning: to be able to install, cable, and run test on-site
equipment.

Introduction
GSM Training Curriculum

2 - GPRS, UMTS, BSS Tools, GSM-R, and PicoNODE Courses
GPRS Courses GSM-R Courses
TL2 Frame Relay Overview 1 day RL11 GSM-R System and Products
TL3 TCP/IP Overview 2 days Overview 5 days
GP0 GPRS General Overview 1 day RL12 GSM-R deltas with standard GSM 1 day
GP1 GPRS Technical Description 3 days RL21 GSM-R BSS Optimization parameters 3 days
RL22 GSM-R BSS Optimization parameters
GP2 PCUSN Configuration and Operation 3 days

GP3 SGSN Configuration and Operation 2 days versus GSM 1 day
GP4 GGSN Configuration and Operation 2 days RL23 GSM-R BSS dimensioning 2 days
GP5 OMC-D Operation 5 days RL30 GSM-R IN Overview and datafill 5 days
RL31 GSM-R NSS Overview 2 days
RL32 GSM-R HLR Service Datafill 5 days
RL41 GSM-R RF Engineering 5 days
UMTS Courses
RL51 BTS S8002 I&C 3 days
UM0 UMTS Introduction 1 day RL61 BTS S8002 local maintenance 2 days
RL62 GSM-R performance measurements
tools 2 days
BSS Tools Courses RL63 BSS O&M for GSM-R 10 days
RL64 BSS Operations and Fault Handling
CT1000 CT1000 Course 8 days for GSM-R 4 days
CT1000_NRP Reconfiguration Procedures 4 days
CT3100 CT3100 Course 5 days
CT3100OJT On the job training 3 days
PicoNODE Courses
CT7100 GSM Network Monitoring and
Optimization Tool (NSS and BSS) 4 days PN1 PicoNODE Product Overview 1 day
CT7100_B GSM Network Monitoring and PN2 PicoNODE OMC Network Operation 5 days
Optimization Tool (BSS only) 3 days PN3 PicoNODE OMC System Administration 5 days
CT7100_N GSM Network Monitoring and PN4 PicoNODE BSS Operation 5 days
Optimization Tool (NSS only) 2 days PN5 PicoNODE NSS Operation 5 days
CT7100_T GSM Network Monitoring Tool PN245 PicoNODE: From I&C to O&M 10 days
(Call Trace/Call Path Trace) 1 day
The BSS and NSS training courses are split in several families according to the
different skills required to deal with GSM networks:
GPRS: an overview of this new system and advanced description of new
nodes.
UMTS: an overview of this future system.
BSS Tools: to be able to use the new tools.
GSM-R: an overview and advanced description of this new system for railways
companies.
PicoNODE: to be able to operate and manage this new product line (wireless
access in rural or corporate areas).

Introduction
BSS Nortel Technical Publications

S4000/ BSS Product
S4000C BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS OMC-R Maintenance
Indoor 03 Documentation Overview Operating Operating Operating Parameters Administration 39 Principles
BTS Overview Principles User Procedures User Guide & Maintenance
BSC/TCU
OMC-R 06 00 01 07 50 On-site
08 34 36 32 Maintenance
BTS
ROT
51 On-site
14 Maintenance
General Operations
Manuals BSC
Information 41 Maintenance
TCU 16 Procedures
TCU
BSC 42 Maintenance
6000/ Procedures
22
12000 S2000/
46 S2000E BTS
S4000 Reference GSM-BSS Maintenance
Procedures
Outdoor 23 Manuals Maintenance
BTS Documentation Manuals S4000 BTS
47 Maintenance
Procedures
S2000H/L
BTS 35 S8000 BTS
48 Maintenance
Procedures
S4000
Smart 43 S2000 H/L BTS
BTS 49 Maintenance
Generic Site Dossiers Procedures
S2000/
S2000E S8002 BTS
53 84 Maintenance
BTS S4000/ Procedures
Site Remote S8000 S8002 S2000 S4000C S4000 S4000
S8000/ Preparation OMC-R Workstation BSC TCU Outdoor Smart
Guide BTS BTS BTS Indoor BTS BTS e-cell BTS
S8002 63 BTS 90 Maintenance
BTS Manual
28 12 13 11 18 65 86 55 19 33 45 Fault Number
e-cell 104
92 Description
BTS e-cell BTS
NORTEL Generic site dossiers are not present on the CD-ROM
The BSS product documentation or BSS Nortel Technical Publication comprises 46

manuals.
Kinds of manuals:
Reference manuals detail each subsystem or equipment in terms of architecture,
hardware and software of its modules and indicate general dimensioning rules.
Maintenance manuals include both preventive and corrective maintenance and
details the various maintenance procedure. The BSS Maintenance Principles
describes the principles of maintenance and gives the list of faults.
Generic site dossiers give a canvas to be used by the network operator, where he
can collect any specific information for a site.
General information:
The BSS Product Documentation Overview (00) is the general manual which
introduces all the manuals of the BSS NTPs and includes the glossary.
The BSS Overview (01) is an overview of the digital cellular network and of its
division into subsystem.
Operating manuals:
The BSS Operating Principles gives the general principles of operation and a
dictionary of GSM parameters and observation counters.
The BSS parameters User Guide aims at describing BSS GSM and Nortel
parameters, formules and engineering issues for algorithms parameters.

Introduction
Optimization Courses
SY1
SY2
ARI*
NE2
CP1
OM7
NMO
* Recommended Courses CT 7100
The mandatory knowledge to attend the SY2 course is a global overview of the digital
radio-communication system GSM.
This is obtained through the SY1 course which is the starting point of architecture and
vocabulary, as well as the associated techniques necessary for the understanding of GSM:
Acquisition of the concepts used in GSM system.
Description and functional characteristics of BSS and NSS products implemented
by NMC.
The SY2 course mainly concerns operator people. Starting from organization and traffic
features of several GSM sites, they have to define the number of equipement and the
associated links of the whole system to install. Same problems occur as well for site
extension.
The SY2 course gives an overall method to define:
BTS and BSC number and organization,
Abis, Ater and A interfaces,
The method detailed is applicable to all field cases using global Traffic Model for BSS.
This course deals with NMC BSS release V12; however in order to give a more general
overview, functionality developed in the next release may be mentioned.
Upon completion of the SY2 course, you will be able to attend all other families training
program through their entry point (NE2 ...).

Introduction
Objectives
Upon completion of SY2 course, ability is acquired to determine or compute:
TCH radio resources number per cell

SDCCH signaling dedicated resources number per cell
TRX number per cell

Abis, Ater and A interfaces PCM links numbers
Define Abis Radio Site Mask

BSS size and configuration
During this course the method of dimensioning computation of BSS part of a GSM
network is explained and given.
The results obtained depend mainly on Traffic Model parameter values for
transmission. Some of these values deal with field parameters as cellular planning,
subscriber activity and mobility.
And first of all, each operator must define his own traffic model.
Other assumptions are also given, relating to traffic operation; they are yet operator
dependent:
No Queuing (lost of excess call attempts).
Radio interface blocking rate: traffic = 2%; signaling = 0.1%.
A-interface blocking rate: 0.1%.
Notes:
This course is applicable for V12 release of Nortel Networks BSS.

Introduction
Contents
Introduction
Basics on Mobile Network Dimensioning
BTS Dimensioning
Terrestrial Links Dimensioning
BSC Dimensioning
BSS Dimensioning Review Exercises
Case Study
Exercises Solutions
Erlang Tables

Introduction

Section 2
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Basic on Mobile Network Dimensioning 2-1

Contents
Objectives
Generalities
Erlang Law
Traffic Model
Dimensioning Procedure

Objectives
At the end of this section, you will be able to use:
Erlang Law B Tables

Traffic Model (parameters and typical values)
Dimensioning Procedures
This is obtained through a full understanding of:
Components of the GSM System Traffic
Definition of offered traffic, blocking rate, Erlang laws
This section gives the necessary knowledge about starting points and theoretical
tools, for BSS dimensioning:
BSS surrounding and internal parameters.
Erlang B Law (without queuing): B for blocking.
Definition of a Traffic Model for general use.
Explanation of the Traffic Model parameters.


Generalities
This part describes surrounding and internal parameters related to:

Cellular planning.
Quality of service.
Subscribers.

Generalities
Public Switched Telephone Network

PSTN
NSS
GMSC HLR
EIR
VLR AUC
A-interface
BSS
TCU
Ater interface
OMN interface
BSC (X.25)
Abis interface
Cell 3 OSS
Um (Radio) Interface Cell 1 BTS
OMC-S
Cell 2
MS OMC-R
The mobile radiotelephone system is a versatile, open-ended digital system.

As specified in the technical recommendations, this system includes the following
subsystems:
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS), mainly in charge of radio resources management.
The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS), coping with switching functions.
The Operation and maintenance SubSystem (OSS), including a Radio Operations and
Maintenance Center (OMC-R) and a NSS Operations and Maintenance Center
(OMC-S).
Interfaces:
Um = Air radio interface (MS BTS)
Abis = Interface between BTS and BSC
Ater = Interface between BSC and TRAU/TCU
B to G = Interface between NSS units
OMN = Interface between OMC and BSS/NSS
Equipment:
Others equipment connected to MSC are optional: SMS-SC (Short Message Service
Center), VMS (Voice Mail System), Billing Mediation Device:
AUC : AUthentication Center MS : Mobile Station

BSC : Base Station Controller MSC : Mobile services Switching Center
BTS : Base Transceiver Station OMN : Operation and Maintenance Network
EIR : Equipment Identity Register TRAU : Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit
GMSC : Gateway MSC VLR : Visitor Location Register
HLR : Home Location Register VMS : Voice Mail Box
SMS-SC : Short Message Service Center

Generalities
Network Engineering
Number & Type

Sites lay-out
SYSTEM DIMENSIONING of Equipment and
Capacity
Links
Cost minimization
Required quality
Inputs
Constraints
Outputs
The result of network engineering is a definition of the equipment and links of the
networks.
These results must be optimized to minimize installation/operation/maintenance
costs.
To reach these objectives, the available variable parameters intervene in system
dimensioning, taking into account that cellular planning is fixed. Indeed, sites/cells
lay-out are defined by site population (rural/urban), site topography, etc.

Generalities
Traffic Model Overview
Quality
TRAFFIC Subscribers
of
MODEL Behavior
Service
Cellular
Planning
System Dimensioning is based on a Traffic Model. A traffic model is a set of

parameters which represent the behavior of the subscribers at the busy hour.
Every operator must define his Traffic Model, which is the result of three influences:
Cellular planning: the sites/cells lay-out has been fixed; for instance, a higher
number of cells increases handover, then CPU capacity needs.
Quality of service: it depends on blocking rate values of traffic and signaling
channels, on network operation, on supplementary services provided, on
subscription costs.
Subscribers: higher the distribution of GSM subscribers within the population,
higher the number of communications between GSM and PSTN networks. The
rural/urban distribution of GSM subscribers, their activity rate, their mobility are
other influent parameters.

Generalities
Components of the GSM System Traffic
Subscriber Activity Mobility Events

(intentional activity) (transparent for the subscriber)
SMS
(Point
Call IMSI Inter
Location
to attempts attach/ PLMN
updating
Hand-over
Point) rate detach Roaming
Traffic Model
Periodic SMS
registration Cell broadcast
System
The GSM dynamic parameters which define the Traffic Model are specified:
Subscriber activity: call attempt rate is the most influent parameter.
Mobility:
- Handover: their number is linked to the cell sizes.
- Location updating/registration: these information concerning the location
area increase with mobility and the definition of the location area.
- Inter PLMN roaming: it is of negligible influence on Traffic Model.
System:
- Cell broadcast: this function allows the operator to send various types of
information (traffic, weather forecast, advertising for instance) on MS in idle
mode.
- Periodic registration: this action is optional but most operators use it. It is a
periodic update supervised by the system (SDCCH).


Erlang Law
Erlang law is explained, using:

Definition of busy hour (peak hour), Erlang unit.
Assumptions for Erlang law formulation.
Erlang law with Blocking Rate (Erlang law B) is described.

Erlang Law
Definition
Network dimensioning according to the busy hour traffic

Unit for occupancy averages of links = Erlang
Resources(s) occupancy duration

Traffic in Erlang =
Reference period duration
The Erlang unit is not a GSM specific unit. It is used to express a traffic intensity or
a traffic activity whatever the system is.
In GSM, when we focus on a specific radio resource, we compute the traffic
intensity of this resource (value < 1). When we focus on the total network traffic, we
compute the network activity (value may be > 1).
resource(s) occupancy duration T2

Traffic in Erlang = =
reference period duration T1
1 Erlang = Total resource occupancy duration of one hour observed on the

reference busy hour.
Example 1: A traffic of 0.5 Erl may correspond to 1 resource occupied during 50%
of the busy hour or 2 resources during 25% or .
Example 2: A traffic of 3.5 Erl may correspond to 3.5 resources during 100% of the
busy hour or 14 resources during 25% or .
ERLANGS ON THE AIR INTERFACE
TCH SDCCH
TRAFFIC SIGNALING SIGNALING

(Speech, Data) (Begin of communication) (various procedures)
(End of communication)
(Handover)

Erlang Law
Offered and Carried Traffics
Equipment with
Offered Traffic Carried Traffic
blocking rate x%
Increasing blocking - Increase of subscribers number (more offered traffic)

- Decrease of grade of service, while maintaining it
sufficient
Decreasing blocking - Decrease of subscribers number (less offered traffic)

- Increase of grade of service
In general (x = blocking rate):
Carried Traffic = (1 - x/100) * Offered Traffic

Carried Traffic < Offered Traffic (if x 0)
In this course we will use the following assumptions:

Blocking rate for traffic on Radio interface: 2%.
Blocking rate for signaling on radio interface (SDCCH) = 0.1%.
Blocking rate for PSTN interface = 0.5%.
Blocking rate for A-interface = 0.1%.
Blocking rate for Abis interface = 0%.
Blocking rate for Ater interface = 0.1%.
Those values of blocking rate are typical values. They may change according to the
environment and the QoS we want to offer to the final subscriber.
As blocking rates are always small, we admit that:
Carried Traffic Offered Traffic

Erlang Law
Erlang Law with Losses (Erlang B)
We need 6 resources to match the requests
Offered traffic on
each resource 1 Y1 = 0.6 E
2 Y2 = 0.75 E
3 Y3 = 0.45 E
4 Y4 = 0.35 E
5 Y5 = 0.4 E
6 Y6 = 0.5 E
Resources A = 3.05 E
request Lost calls
Offered traffic
6
5
Blocking factor Carried traffic
Maximum A = 2.9 E
4
resource
A
Average 3
busy resource 2
1
0 time
3 9 1 hour 57
Yi = occupancy rate of resource i
It is assumed (teaching example):

Offered traffic needs, at some times, up to six resources.
At a time, only 4 resources max. are available.
Then:
For each period equal to 3 minutes, the number of resources needed is
computed: i.e. for first period, resources 1, 2 and 6 are requested, given 3
resources.
Offered traffic on resource 1 includes 12 periods of 3 minutes, giving a traffic
value equal to:
(12 x 3)/60 = 0.6 Erlang.
Total offered traffic is equal to 3.05 Erlangs, needing an average number of
busy resources of 3.05.
Three call attempts are rejected.
Note 1
Traffic in Erlangs = Summation of events duration (for each event, on a reference
period):
for instance, reference period = one hour.
Note 2
This teaching example only introduces the traffic notion evaluated in Erlangs.
It does not correspond to the Erlang Law which deals with:
Very high number of events.
Number of events following a Poisson Law.
Distribution of event duration following a negative exponential law.

Erlang Law
Erlang number computation
A = T
A is the Erlang number
is the mean rate of channel requests per unit of time
T is the average duration of traffic channel occupancy
Formula for lost calls ( no queuing) : AN

E N [A] = N! = Blocking rate
N
N = Resources number or offered traffic 1 + A + ... + A
1! N!
A = Erlang number
The Erlang B formula is quite complicated. A good approximate result can be

obtained by using the following formula:
Blocking Rate Br = 10-k
Resources N = A + k (A)
Traffic (Erlang) = A
Example on the previous page:
T1 = Duration of the observation period (usually it is the busy hour = 60)
T2 = Total channel occupancy duration
X = Number of channel requests during T1
X
= = number of channel requests per unit of time during the busy hour
T1
T2
T= = average channel occupancy time per request at the busy hour
X
T2 X T2
A= = x = T
T1 T1 X
T1 = 60 ' T2 = 183 ' X = 36
36 183
= = 0.6 T= = 5.0833 A = T = 3.05Erl
60 36

Erlang Law
Erlang B Law Tables
B
n 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.050 0.070 0.100 0.200
1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.031 0.053 0.075 0.111 0.250
2 0.046 0.065 0.105 0.153 0.223 0.282 0.381 0.470 0.595 1.000
3 0.194 0.249 0.349 0.455 0.602 0.715 0.899 1.057 1.271 1.930
4 0.439 0.535 0.701 0.869 1.092 1.259 1.525 1.748 2.045 2.945
5 0.762 0.900 1.132 1.361 1.657 1.875 2.218 2.504 2.881 4.010
6 1.146 1.325 1.622 1.909 2.276 2.543 2.960 3.305 3.758 5.109
7 1.579 1.798 2.157 2.501 2.935 3.250 3.738 4.139 4.666 6.230
8 2.051 2.311 2.730 3.128 3.627 3.987 4.543 4.999 5.597 7.369
9 2.557 2.855 3.333 3.783 4.345 4.748 5.370 5.879 6.546 8.522
10 3.092 3.427 3.961 4.461 5.084 5.529 6.216 6.776 7.511 9.685
The results of the Erlang B formula are summarized in the Erlang B tables provides
in the last section .
A page of the tables is given as an example. Use is shown on the diagram
hereafter.
B
0.020
n
7 2.935
With blocking rate value of 2%, offered traffic of 2.935 Erlangs needs 7 resources.

Erlang Law
Erlang Law with Queuing (Erlang C)
Offered traffic on:

Y1 = 0.6 Erlang
Resource 1
2 Y2 = 0.75 Erlang
Y3 = 0.45 Erlang
3
4 Y4 = 0.35 Erlang
5 Y5 = 0.4 Erlang
6 Y6 = 0.5 Erlang
Queued calls A = 3.05 Erlang

Resources Offered traffic
request 6 Time Out
calls rejected
5
Maximum number of
available resources 4
A Carried traffic
Average number of 3 A = 3.05
busy resources
2 A = Offered traffic
1
0 time (minutes)
Yi = occupancy rate of resource i 3 69 18 42 57
1 hour
It is assumed (teaching example):

Offered traffic needs, at some times, up to six resources.
At a time, only 4 resources max. are available.
Then:
For each period equal to 3 minutes, the number of resources needed is
computed: i.e. for first period, resources 1, 2 and 6 are requested, given 3
resources.
Offered traffic on resource 1 concerns 12 periods of 3 minutes, giving a traffic
value equal to:
(12 x 3)/60 = 0.6 Erlang.
Total offered traffic is equal to 3.05 Erlangs, needing an average number of
busy resources of 3.05.
The three call attempts which would be rejected without Queuing, are
registered and processed with some delay.
Nevertheless after a defined waiting delay, they are definitely rejected.

Erlang Law
Traffic Management: Queuing of TCH Requests
FIFO Management on cell basis Example

Paging
Emergency Call Handover
Call Reestablishment ....
Priority 0 Priority 1 Priority 7
....
1 1 1
2 2 2 T11
3 time out
WT0 WT1 WT7

=5 =5
64 64 64 request
rejected
TCH allocation request

Available TCH in the pool
TCH request priority 0 1 to r0 > r0
0 (max) FIFO (*) TCH attributed TCH attributed

1 to 7 FIFO (*) FIFO (*) TCH attributed
Management performed by the BSC, only for TCH (no queuing for SDCCH).
Priority 0 to 7: In order to improve the Traffic Management, priority has been defined on call basis:
Internal priorities (0 to 7), per cell; max. priority = 0; one queue per priority.
Level 0 priority can be defined for example for: emergency call, call re-establishment....
Priority threshold (allocPriorityThreshold O&M parameter; example of value: 2):
r0 resources are reserved for requests of level 0 priority in the pool of available TCH.
r0 resources must be available to allow processing of a level 1 to 7 priority request.
If all these r0 resources are busy, a new level 0 priority request may be queued in level zero
priority Queue.
Waiting Threshold WT0 to WT7 (allocWaitThreshold O&M parameter; example of value: 10):
This threshold defines, for each priority level 0 to 7, in each cell, a number of queued requests;
its use is given just below.
For example:
Priority 0: WT0=5 and 3 requests are queued.
Priority 1: WT1=5 and 2 requests are queued.
A third request in P1 queue can not be accepted because the total number of requests queued
in the queue P0 and P1 (3+2) is equal to WT1.
This can be explained generally with the following expression:
j =i
FIFO (*): (number of Queued requests in Pj Queues) WTi
j =0
Protection Timer (T11 time out; AllocPriorityTimers O&M parameter; standard value: 5 seconds):
TCH request still stored at end of time out is erased from the queue.
Note: when the Pi Queue is full, the related level i priority request is rejected (i range: 0 to 7).

Erlang Law
Blocking or Queuing of Radio Resources: Summary
Dimensioning Blocking
Mainly for grade of service increasing
Optimization Queuing
For Dimensioning, Blocking Rate with losses is used.

For the next system versions, Queuing will be used in some cells to optimize the
number of radio resources, relating to Offered Traffic.
The main improvement brought by queuing is an increased grade of service:
No rejected call attempts, in the limit of a defined waiting time.

Erlang Law
Exercise
) How many resources are necessary for an offered traffic of 65 Erl with a blocking rate
value of 2%?
) What is the maximum offered traffic that 95 resources can manage without exceeding a
blocking rate value of 0.1%?
) How many resources are necessary for an offered traffic of 290 Erl with a blocking rate
value of 0.1%?
) What is the maximum offered traffic that 960 resources can manage without exceeding a
blocking rate value of 10%?
) What is the maximum offered traffic that 1070 resources can manage without exceeding
a blocking rate value of 2 %?

Traffic Model
In this chapter, are given:

Detailed computation of call parameters.
Some subscriber traffic values which are computed as examples.

Traffic Model
BSS Reference Call and Mobility Profile: Detailed Computations
Mobile Terminating calls

(MT) = 40%
Mobile Originating calls

(MO) = 60%
Legend 10% MO 5% MT
Successful
10%
80% 40% 55%
No response called party
Busy
Establishment
Ringing Call
16 s 84 s
MO and MT calls description

Traffic Model
BSS Reference Call and Mobility Profile: Detailed Computations
Duration * MO calls (MO) calls Successful calls TCH occupancy
MO ratio 2 1 x 2 (unsuccessful)
(s) ratio 1 (s)
MO successful: 10 12
- Set-up 25 80% 48 48% (25 x 0.48)
- Ringing 15
- Conversation 120 57.6
(120 x 0.48)
60%
MO no response:
10 10% 1.8
- Set-up 30 6% (12%) (30 x 0.06)
- Ringing 20
MO busy called-party: 10% 0.6
6%
10 (10 x 0.06)
- Set-up
(MT) calls Successful calls TCH occupancy
MT Duration MT calls 1 x 2
(s) ratio 1 ratio 2 (unsuccessful) (s)
MT successful
55% 22% 1.1
- Ringing 5 22%
- Conversation 120 40% 26.4
MT no response
- To paging 40% 16% (18%)
- or busy 0.5
- Ringing 25 5% 2% (25 x 0.02)
- Successful calls: 70% 100
TOTAL including
- Unsuccessful calls: 30% conversation:
84
* : This is the duration of traffic channels occupancy on the radio interface, either for traffic (ex: conversation) or for signaling (ex: set-up, ringing)

Traffic Model
Standard Traffic Model. Observed figures
Number of observed subscriber = 4000 Mean SDCCH occupancy per call

attempt = 4 s
Total call attempts at the busy hour = 3600
Mean SDCCH occupancy for loc. update,
IMSI Attach/Detach, SMS,
Call attempts per subscriber during

the busy hour = 0.9 supplementary services = 4 s
60 100
100
20
20 Average number of
requests for SDCCH,
except those for call
attempts, during the BH,
for the whole subscribers
Mean TCH occupancy per call attempt (traffic) = 84 s = 21600
Mean TCH occupancy per call attempt (signaling) = 16 s
Exercise: ASDCCH ?
Mean TCH occupancy per call attempt (total) = 100 s
Exercise: ATCH ?
Exercise :
Find ATCH and ASDCCH for 1subscriber at the busy hour.
ATCH = TCH * TTCH
TCH ?
TTCH ?
ASDCCH = SDCCH * TSDCCH
SDCCH ?
TSDCCH ?
What is the ratio between SDCCH and TCH traffic ?

The method for GSM network dimensioning consists in starting from the cell up to
the PSTN.
We dimension first the radio interface (TCH and SDCCH) then the BTS; we
continue with the Abis interface, the Ater interface and then the BSC; when all the
BSS are defined we start NSS dimensioning.
In this course we will dimension only the BSS subsystem : from the radio interface,
to the A interface.

GSM Network Dimensioning Procedure
Start dimensioning
Cell
Network dimensioning according to
Radio Interface
the busy hour traffic
BTS
Abis
BTS BSC
Ater
Abis TCU (TRAU)
BSC
MSC Links: A-Interface, CCS7, etc
VLR
MSC/VLR
TCU HLR
Ater
HLR
MSC End dimensioning
A
Cell organization (omni or multi-sectorial sites, cell dimension) depends on

expected traffic, but also on dedicated radio propagation and interference problems.
These problems are in charge of radio-engineers. And cell organization is admitted
as entry data for the other part of GSM dimensioning which is described hereafter:
Radio interface: number of TCH/BCCH/SDCCH channels.
Abis/Ater/A-interface: number of PCM links.
BTS: number of TRX, BTS and interface boards (possibility of drop and insert
techniques).
BSC: number of interface boards, BSC type.
TCU (TRAU): number of shelves.

BTS Dimensioning
Section 3
BTS Dimensioning
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 BTS Dimensioning 3-1

BTS Dimensioning
Contents
Objectives
Overall Information
Dimensioning Detailed Method
Dimensioning Look-up Tables
Summary of the BTS Dimensioning
Review Exercises

BTS Dimensioning
Objectives
At the end of this section, you will be able to compute cell and site
dimensioning
1. For cell, computation of:
The TCH number

The SDCCH number

2. For site, computation of:
The TRX number

The total PCM TS on Abis link, including LAPD TS
The BTS configuration (BCF boards)
You will also be able to quickly obtain these results using look-up tables
summarizing all above computations
This section describes and justifies the several computation steps for BTS
dimensioning.
Starting site data are:
Offered traffic.
Site lay-out: number of sectors per site, number of TRX per cell.
Blocking rate currently taken for BTS on TCH: 2%.
Blocking rate currently taken for BTS on SDCCH: 0.1%.

BTS Dimensioning

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
Overall information must be taken into account for BTS dimensioning. They are
reminded:
Example of cell subscriber distribution and cell lay-out.
BTS model provisioning: channel groups, Abis interface, BTS boards.
Description of traffic, signaling and common channels.
An overview of the dimensioning method is given.

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
Cell Subscriber Repartition (Example)
20
20 20
40 20
100 60 60 60
20
100
100
100
20
60
100
Town 20
20
Suburb
Rural 20
Highway
The cellular planning determines the cell distribution per BTS; the traffic per cell is
obtained from the average number of mobile stations assumed in each cell, with a
fixed average value of traffic per subscriber.
For the example of the diagram:
Traffic is given per cell or per site, in Erlangs; for instance, assuming an
average traffic value of 25 mE per subscriber, 2400 subscribers correspond to
a traffic value of 60 Erlangs.
Three types of traffic area are shown:
- a high traffic area with low surface cells: center of a town,
- two medium traffic areas: a suburban area and a straight motorway area,
- a low traffic area with large surface cells: countryside.

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
BTS Dimensioning Methods
1. First method: detailed understanding

BTS limits
Voice/data traffic (Erlangs)

Abis PCM links
Signaling traffic (Erlangs) - TCH
Site lay-out - SDCCH (BCCH)
- TRX Abis LAPD TS
Blocking rate
2. Second method: look up tables

LAPD Nbr LAPD Abis LAPD TS
concentration
Offered traffic on site
Abis PCM link
TABLES
PCM circuit Nbr
Site lay-out SDCCH/8 Nbr
BCCH Nbr
TCH Nbr
TRX Nbr
First method: detailed understanding

Starting from the site data, and using the Erlang B, a didactic and detailed method
is given; it is a step by step analytic method.
This method is general, despite the choice of waiting or blocking rate values in the
computation completed hereafter.
Second method
Computations of first method are summarized in tables.
These tables are of quick and general use for standard BTS dimensioning.
Final checks are done
On TRX number relating to radio TS number.
On BTS load constraints.

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
BTS Model Provisioning
Radio interface dimensioning:

TCH, SDCCH, CCCH
Abis interface dimensioning

BCF units dimensioning
Radio interface dimensioning:

Three groups of channels:
- traffic channels TCH,
- dedicated channels SDCCH,
- common channels CCCH.
Abis interface dimensioning:
Radio interface will be defined, as TRX number.
Number of traffic TS = 2 x (TRX number).
Number of LAPD TS = (TRX number) 8 (upper multiple of eight).
Depending on the product range S8000, S4000 or S2000.
The Abis dimensioning result will define the BCF units number.

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
The Logical Channels on Radio Interface
TS 01234567
BTS MS
FCCH TCH
Frequency correction Traffic (speech-data)
SCH FACCH
Synchronization Associated Signaling
BCCH
Broadcast control
RACH Radio Measurement + SMS
SACCH
Access request SDCCH
Dedicated Signaling
PCH
Subscriber paging CBCH
Broadcast info
AGCH
Answer to Access request
FCCH
CBCH
Broadcast info SCH
M.S. Pre-synchronization
SDCCH
Dedicated Signaling BCCH
SACCH
Sys Info 5, 5bis, 5ter 6 + SMS RACH
Access request
PCH
Traffic (speech data) Subscriber paging
TCH
AGCH
Associated Signaling Answer to Access request
FACCH
Three groups of logical channels:

1. Traffic channels (TCH), and associated channels (FACCH, SACCH):
Number computed from Erlang B law, starting from offered traffic, according
to the traffic model.
2. Dedicated signaling channels (SDCCH, SACCH, CBCH):
Number computed from Erlang B law, using figures given by the traffic model.
The CBCH is optionally used; when activated, it uses permanently one
SDCCH resource.
3. Common channels (CCCH), BCCH and synchronization channels (FCCH,
SCH)
Theoretical studies on message exchanges on radio interface have shown
that one common channel is sufficient, whatever the offered traffic on CELL.
BCCH combined: common channel pattern for small capacity cells (O1):
- Signaling channels SDCCH/SACCH are included in same frame as
common channels:
AGCH : Access Grant CHannel PCH : Paging CHannel

BCCH : Broadcast Control CHannel RACH : Random Access CHannel
CBCH : Common Broadcast CHannel SACCH : Slow Associated Control CHannel
CCCH : Common Control CHannel SCH : Signaling CHannel
FACCH : Fast Associated Control CHannel SDCCH : Stand-alone Dedicated Control
CHannel
FCCH : Frequency Control CHannel TCH : Traffic CHannel

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
BTS Product Range: Cell Lay-out
8 TRX 8 TRX
8 TRX 8 TRX
8 TRX
8 TRX
Omni Bi sectorial Tri sectorial
Diagram shows the max. number of TRX which can be installed per cell, on one site
managed by a BTS.
Reminder; for high traffic densities, the solution is to create multi-sectorial sites,
instead of increasing the number of omni-sectorial sites of reduced coverage, which
would result in:
Higher installation cost.
Difficulties to find sites.
Currently, the most used configurations are:
Omni-sectorial lay-out for low traffic sites.
Tri-sectorial lay-out for medium and high density urban sites.
Bi-sectorial layout for roads.

BTS Dimensioning
Overall Information
Full Range Family COM-ICO
A
L
C
O
E-cell
Outdoor
S8000 Outdoor
microcellular coverage
35 liters Highest capacity
Lowest foot print
S8000 Indoor
Up to 8TRX per cabinet
S4000 Indoor
Dense traffic
S4000 Outdoor High capacity
Rapid deployment
Medium traffic/multicell per cabinet
S2000 E Located on rooftops or on street
Rapid & low cost coverage Environmentally protected
at low capacity
Additional coverage (tunnels,
highways, indoor)
Microcellular coverage S2000H S2000L
S2000E BTS
Modular 1 TRX expandable to 2 TRX with an additional cabinet.
Outdoor package variant (available only in V8B).
Rapid and low cost coverage at low capacity.
S4000 Outdoor BTS or S4000 Smart BTS
3 TRX in Base cabinet and 4 TRX in Extension cabinet, installable on rooftops
or on street.
Environmentally protected and operating temperature range -33 C to +45 C.
Equivalent cell-site equipment including battery back-up, link equipment,
rectifiers, lightening protection.
S4000 Indoor BTS
4 TRX per cabinet and up to 6 cabinets.
Dense traffic, high capacity.
Multiple coupling options: duplexer, integrated hybrid couplers and duplexer,
remote tunable cavities.
S8000 Outdoor and Indoor
8 TRX per cabinet.
DRX architecture: 1 TRX = 1 DRX + 1 PA
CBCF option (Compact BCF) with CMCF and CPCMI boards.
S2000H&L
2 TRX in 1 cabinet.
SBCF (Small BCF) = 1 SMCF board + 1 SPCMI board.
E-cell
2 TRX per cabinet.
1 antenna (integrated or external).

BTS Dimensioning

BTS Dimensioning
This chapter gives all the computation steps needed to evaluate:

The number of traffic channels TCH in a cell.
The number of signaling channels SDCCH in a cell.
The number of TRX per cell.
The total number of time slots on Abis link.
The number of boards inside the BCF.

BTS Dimensioning

Number of Traffic Channels in a Cell
Number of subscribers
planned cell traffic

X
Subscriber activity Erlang B Number of TCH
Loss
Formula
blocking rate
(normally 2%)
Subscriber activity: traffic per subscriber at busy hour = 25 mE (example).

Number of subscribers = 1700 (example).
Then planned traffic in the cell including the 1700 subscribers = 42.5 Erlangs
(example).
Number of necessary resources with a blocking rate of 2%, obtained from Erlang B
table:
n = 53.
Conclusion: TCH channels = 53 for 42.5 Erlangs cell and blocking rate = 2%.

BTS Dimensioning

Number of SDCCH in a Cell
call attempts/second
location update rate Traffic model at X%

mean SDCCH occupancy time
planned cell ASDCCH

x X
traffic (ATCH)
100 ErlangB Number Number
Loss 8
of SDCCH of SDCCH
Formula Time slots
blocking rate
Since 1 SDCCH TS carries up to 8 SDCCH channels, we divide by 8 the number of

resources obtained from Erlang B table.
If ATCH = 42.5 Erl, ASDCCH = 28% * 42.5
= 11.9 Erl
So the number of SDCCH resources = 24
number of SDCCH TS = 24/8 = 3 SDCCH TS
Remark: if the number of TCH TS necessary is 7, then, the BCCH combined
configuration can be used if the number of SDCCH resources is 4.

BTS Dimensioning

How many TRX per Cell?
Number of TCH radio

time slots
Take the
Number of SDCCH
radio time slots + Total
radio time slots
upper
multiple
Number of TRX
8
of 8
Number of CCCH
Between 1 (TS0) and 4
radio time slots (TS 2/4/6)
Number of CCCH radio time slots = 1 per cell.

In some cases (microcell, dual band), we may need more than 1 CCCH: up to 4 in
total (TS0, 2, 4, 6). The addition of CCCH TS will depend on the traffic model, the
LAC repartition and the environment.
Number of TCH radio time slots = 53 (example: cell with 1700 subscribers).
Number of SDCCH/8 radio time slots = 3.
Total number of radio time slots: 53 + 3 + 1 = 57.
Number of TRX (8 radio TS per TRX): 57/8 = 8 TRX.
Exercise: In this configuration, what will be the distribution between SDCCH and
TCH?
Remark:
if the cell is extended, the number of TRX is obtained by dividing the total
number of radio TS by 4.

BTS Dimensioning

How many Traffic Abis Time Slots?
8 radio TS at 16 kbit/s
Air interface
Abis interface 64 kb/s 64 kb/s
2 PCM TS at 64 kbit/s
Total Number of TRX number number of Abis

Dimensioning *2 traffic
radio timeslots /8 of TRX timeslots (64 kbit/s)
/4
A PCM TS supports 4 full rate traffic channels with a switching matrix at 16 kbit/s
(full rate speech).
Concentration from 4 time slots on radio interface and A-interface towards 1 time
slot on Abis and Ater interfaces is performed by BTS and TCU.
4 traffic channels are supported by:

4 TS (4x13 kbit/s) 1 TS (64 kbit/s) 1 TS (64 kbit/s) 4 TS (4 x 64 kbit/s)
(on 4 radio- (on one PCM link) (on one PCM link)
channels)
Radio interface Abis interface Ater interface A-interface
1 TRX handles 8 radio TS:

number of traffic time slots on Abis/Ater = (number of TRX) x 2.
For the chosen example (8 TRX):
Number of traffic TS on Abis and Ater interfaces (8 x 2) = 16 TS.
Note: 16 time slots on Abis PCM link correspond to 64 TCH traffic channels on
radio interface.

BTS Dimensioning

Concentrated LAPD
8 DRXs
FP1 FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6 FP7 FP8

DSC
GTW LAPD
Signaling concentration
CSWM TS Up to 8 DRX
Switching (+ BCF)
Matrix
Control
Unit
1 internal TS
(concentrated LAPD)
PCMI
Abis
BSC
Concentrated LAPD time slots (1 concentrated LAPD manages 8 TRX):

Results of radio measurements are processed in BTS.
Layer 1 Management algorithm L1M (Handover, Power Control, Call clearing) is
running in the BTS then decreases the number of messages between the BTS
and the BSC: only one concentrated LAPD time slot is necessary for 8 TRX.
Eight LAPD time slots from FPs are concentrated into one TS, through the
LAPD concentration board (DCC or DSC).
Depending on the number of TRX, several concentrated LAPD TS may be
conveyed on one Abis link.
BCF LAPD:
BCF module processes operation and maintenance information.
These signaling data are added to FP signaling.
Resulting data are transmitted by the primary concentrated LAPD time slot on
the first Abis PCM link.
Engineering rule: A single LAPD channel can handle up to 8 TRX which may
belong to different cells. However, the signaling of a cell must be carried by the
same LAPD and a site has a maximum of 3 LAPD channels.
But in very dense urban environment, if we use a BSC 6000, we still provision 1
LAPD / cell even if the total number of TRX for the site is 8. This is for the sake of
the SICDs.
Glossary: FP: Frame processor, DCC: Data Channel Concentrator, DSC: Data
Signaling Concentration (S8000).

BTS Dimensioning

Abis PCM Dimensioning
Nbr of ABIS TS - Traffic

Total 64 kbit/s TS
on Abis land lines
LAPD
+
Nbr of LAPD dimensioning
from TRX
Engineering Rule Nbr of
concentrated LAPD
Reminder: TS on Abis carry traffic time slots and signaling LAPD time slots solely.
TRX number:
TRX number has been previously obtained starting from radio TS number.
Example continued: 64 radio TS, then 8 TRX.
Number of Abis traffic TS = (number of TRX) x 2:
Example continued (8 x 2) = 16 TS on Abis.
LAPD dimensioning (see previous page):
One concentrated LAPD on Abis processes signaling for 8 TRX.
Example continued:
8 TRX 1 LAPD TS on Abis.
Total number of Abis TS (example continued):
(TS for traffic = 16) + (TS for LAPD = 1) = 17 TS.

BTS Dimensioning

How many Abis PCM per BTS
E1 PCM
Take the upper Number of E1

31
multiple of 31 PCM
Total number
of Abis
timeslots T1 PCM
Take the upper 24 Number of T1

multiple of 24 PCM
Total number of Abis time slots (example continued):

(TS for traffic) + (TS for signaling) = 17 TS.
E1 PCM link (TS0 never available: used for link synchronization): 31 TS available,
T1 PCM link: 24 TS available.
Example continued: 1 E1 PCM links necessary for 17 TS,
1 T1 PCM links necessary for 17 TS.

BTS Dimensioning

Reminder (S8000 w/o CBCF)
Internal BCF
PCM bus CSWM
GTW
Gateway CSWM PCMI
PCMI
BSC
PCMI
PCM Interface
DRX
Internal
PCM bus
GSM Control
Time DSC
and Signaling
bus SYNC Switching Concentr.
Synchro.
Management
O&M bus
ALCO
Alarms
Concentration
To be dimensioned
In the BCF, two boards have to be dimensioned:

PCMI: PCM Interface (S8000) / DTI: Digital Trunk Interface (S4000).
DSC: Digital Signaling Concentrator / DCC: Data Channel Concentrator.
If the CBCF is used: CPCMI and CMCF.
In the S2000H/L: SPCMI + SMCF (1+1, no dimensioning).

BTS Dimensioning

BCF Units Dimensioning
Number of BCF Number of

Abis PCM dimensioning rules DTI /PCMI boards
S4000/
S8000
S2000E
D P
T C
Internal PCM I External PCM M
Internal PCM I External PCM
Number of DTI = number of Abis PCM Number of PCMI = Ent [number of Abis PCM / 2]
For CPCMI same dimensioning rule as for PCMI
Available Resources:
S4000 S4000 S2000E S8000 S2000H&L
Indoor Outdoor
DCC 4 2 1
DTI 6 2 2
* DSC 4
* PCMI 3
SMCF 1 nothing to
SPCMI 1 dimension
CMCF 2
CPCMI 3 CBCF
from V9.4
Rules:
One DTI board has been designed to handle one PCM link of Abis interface.
One PCMI board has been designed to handle two PCM links of Abis interface.
Example continued:
1 PCM links 1 DTI boards or 1 PCMI board.
(*) DSC and PCMI boards are only available for S8000 product range.

BTS Dimensioning

DCC/DSC Unit Dimensioning Rules
Number of BCF Number of

LAPD channels dimensioning rules DCC/DSC boards
Number of DCC/DSC boards = Number of LAPD TS (concentrated) + 1 redundant
Table of allocation (max of 3 boards - Add one board for redundancy)

NUMBER OF DCC BOARDS (WITHOUT REDUNDANCY)
LAPD 1 LAPD 2 LAPD 3 LAPD
Cell
Omni 1 DCC/DSC
2 1 DCC/DSC 2 DCC/DSC
3 1 DCC/DSC 3 DCC/DSC
DCC/DSC rules:
There must be (at least) one DSC board per LAPD TS: 1 DSC board can
handle only one LAPD TS and 1 LAPD TS must be associated to a single
board (cannot be shared between 2 boards).
One board processes only 1 LAPD channel, with max. number of 8 TRX per
board.
When a site has more than 8 TRX, a second and a third LAPD could be
associated. However the signaling of all the DRX of a cell must be carried by
the same LAPD
For bi-band configuration: S XYZ-XYZ
* if (x+ x) 8 AND (y+y+z +z) 8 then 2 LAPDs are allocated (1 for x, x
and another one for y, y, z, z)
* if (y+ y) 8 AND (x+x+z +z) 8 then 2 LAPDs are allocated (1 for y, y
and another one for x, x, z, z)
* if (z+ z) 8 AND (x+x+y +y) 8 then 2 LAPDs are allocated (1 for z, z
and another one for x, x, y, y)
Example: S 222-222 2 LAPDs
Example: S 333-222 3 LAPDs
For hexasectorial cells, if the total number of TRX for the site is 8, then 3
LAPDs are generated for the site, each of them carrying the signaling for 2 cells
exceptionally.
In dense traffic areas, we may allocate 1 LAPD per cell even if the total number
of TRX for the site is 8 (to enable a better repartition of the signaling load onto
the SICD boards). Especially,for a BSC 6000, in urban environment, we
allocate always 1 LAPD per cell in order to avoid overload problems on the
SICD boards (event with the V10 overload protection mechanism).
Example continued: 1 LAPD 1 DCC/DSC board (+1 for redundancy)

BTS Dimensioning

BTS Dimensioning
These tables are a summary of the detailed method results of the previous chapter,
using a traffic model with 28% dedicated signaling.

BTS Dimensioning

Blocking Rate; Ratio and Abis Interfaces: Omni Sites
PCM E1 (31 TS) / PCM T1 (24 TS)

Blocking factor = 2.0%
8 TRX/LAPD
DTI DTI
Total
TRX Erlangs E/TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 LAPD boards boards
PCM /TS
PCM/E1 PCM/T1
O1 2.9 2.9 7 1* 0 1 3 1 1
O2 8.2 4.1 14 1 1 1 5 1 1
O3 14 4.7 21 1 2 1 7 1 1
O4 21 5.3 29 1 2 1 9 1 1
O5 27.3 5.4 36 1 3 1 11 1 1
O6 34.7 5.8 44 1 3 1 13 1 1
O7 42.1 6 52 1 3 1 15 1 1
O8 48.7 6.1 59 1 4 1 17 1 1
* Combined BCCH
These tables are a summary of the detailed method results of the previous chapter,
using a traffic. model with 28% dedicated signaling.

BTS Dimensioning

Blocking Rate; Radio and Abis Interfaces: Bisectorial Sites
PCM E1 (31 TS)/PCM T1 (24 TS)

Blocking Rate = 2.0%
8TRX / LAPD
LAPD TS Total PCM

TRX Erlangs E/TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 E1 PCM T1 PCM
number Time slots
S 11 5.8 2.9 14 2x1* 2x0 1 5 1 1

22 16.4 4.1 28 2x1 2x1 1 9 1 1
33 28 4.7 42 2x1 2x2 1 13 1 1
44 42 5.3 58 2x1 2x2 1 17 1 1
55 54.6 5.5 72 2x1 2x3 2 22 1 1
66 69.4 5.8 88 2x1 2x3 2 26 1 2
77 84.2 6.0 104 2x1 2x3 2 30 1 2
88 97.4 6.1 118 2x1 2x4 2 34 2 2
* Combined BCCH

BTS Dimensioning

Blocking Rate; Radio and Abis Interfaces: Trisectorial Sites
PCM E1 (31 TS) / PCM T1 (24 TS)

Blocking factor = 2.0%
8 TRX/LAPD
DTI DTI
Total
TRX Erlangs E/TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 LAPD boards boards
PCM /TS
PCM/E1 PCM/T1
S 111 8.7 2.9 21 3 x 1* 3x0 1 7 1 1
S 222 24.6 4.1 42 3x1 3x1 1 13 1 1
S 333 42 4.7 63 3x1 3x2 2-3 20-21 1 1
S 444 63 5.3 87 3x1 3x2 2-3 25-26 1 2
S 555 81.9 5.5 108 3x1 3x3 3 33 2 2
S 666 104.1 5.8 132 3x1 3x3 3 39 2 2
S 777 126.3 6.0 156 3x1 3x3 3 45 2 2
S 888 146.1 6.1 177 3x1 3x4 3 51 2 3
* Combined BCCH
These tables give immediately the number of TRX and PCM time slots on Abis
interface.
Case of omni-directional sites (one cell) or multi-sectorial sites (several cells):
Starting with total offered traffic in Erlangs as input data in the table, on the
same line are given: TRX number, LAPD number, total PCM time slots number,
PCM board number.
Note
LAPD for multi-sectorial sites:
One or several LAPD time slots are dedicated per sector, instead of grouping
the LAPD time slots on the site.
Exception for low medium traffic multi-sectorial sites: signaling is grouped as
indicated in tables, to save LAPD time slots.
Note
Check that TRX number is in compliance with:
Total number of radio channels (TCH + BCCH + SDCCH/8) (number of TRX)
x 8.
Check BTS load constraint (BCF dimensioning rules).
Note
Sxyz (x y z)
For dimensioning, consider Sxyz as three omni-directional: Ox, Oy, Oz.

BTS Dimensioning
Summary of the BTS Dimensioning

X subs. activity
Estimated number (25 mE) 28%
of subscriber in the TCH offered Traffic SDCCH offered Traffic
cell
Br = 0.1%
Br = 2% SDCCH resources
At least
/8
1 TS for CCCH
TCH TS SDCCH TS
+
Site Layout
/8
Eng
g ru
le Number of TRX
Number of LAPD TS
X2
Number of Abis traffic TS

+
Number of DCC/DSC
Input
/ 31 (or 24)
Output
Number of PCM on Abis Number of DTI/PCMI

BTS Dimensioning

BTS Dimensioning
Review Exercises

BTS Dimensioning
Review Exercises
Exercise 1
OMNISECTORIAL BTS
1. Assumptions: S8000 Indoor product range

S
- Traffic per subscriber = 25 mE
8
0 - Blocking rate on traffic = 2%
0 - Blocking rate on Signaling = 0.1%
0
On 2. Find out number:
1480 Subscribers I - TRX
n - PCMI boards
d - DSC boards
o
o 3. Using:
r
- Detailed method
- Look-up tables
BTS
1. Dimensioning Detailed Method
2. Summary Table
TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 LAPD PCM TS E1 T1 DSC PCMI

BTS Dimensioning
Review Exercises
Exercise 2
TRISECTORIAL BTS
1000
Subscribers S 1. Assumptions: S8000 Outdoor product range

8 - Traffic per subscriber = 25 mE
0 - Blocking rate on signaling = 0.1%
0
500 2. Find out number:
O
Subscribers u - TRX
t - PCMI boards
d - DSC boards
o
o 3. Using:
1500 r - Look-up tables
Subscribers

BTS Dimensioning
Student Notes

Section 4
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Terrestrial Links Dimensioning 4-1

Contents
Location of a BSC in Relation to BTS Sites
BTS Connections
Terrestrial Link Optimization by Drop and Insert

LAPD Concentration
TEI Allocation
RadioSiteMask
Examples
LAPD and Traffic Channel Defence
Exercise

Location of a BSC in Relation to BTS Sites

THE BSC IS THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF BTS SITES
The BSC has a strong concentration

effect when Abis links are underused
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
MSC BTS
TCU
BTS
BTS
BTS
The BTS must be connected to the MSC.

One way to make the connection is to connect each BTS to the MSC with a
separate point to point link. This is generally not acceptable due to prohibitive
costs. Another way to make the BTS to MSC connection is to use a BSC as a
remote concentrator to facilitate the sharing of a high capacity line among
several terminals.
Furthermore Abis links represent a substantial part of the operational costs of a
PLMN knowing that each BTS site requires a relatively small number of circuits
and PCM redundancy can be used for a better quality of service.

BTS Connections
Example of BTS Connections
Air STAR Abis

interface Connection interface
CHAIN
Connection
(single
multi-d
rop)
LOOP rop)
Connection (full multi-d
MS
HUB & SPOKE

Connection
The chained or looped BTS configurations (Drop and Insert) optimize the use of
PCM E1 and T1 time slot (TS) resources.
The 64 kbit/s time slots for speech and signaling do not fill the 2.048 Mbit/s PCM
E1 or 1.544 Mbit/s PCM T1 links.
Links may be under-used in a star configuration.
BTSs are chained to fill the links.
Chained or looped configurations allow the use of remaining time slots for other
BTSs, thus reducing the number of PCM E1 or T1 links.

Terrestrial Link Optimization by Drop and Insert
BSC BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS

The system sees:

BSC
BTS The system sees:

BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
BSC
BTS
The chain configuration The loop configuration
When BTSs are chained together, they must not exceed ten. But NORTEL
guarantees a good functioning of the chain with up to 6 BTSs. The failure of any
component involved in transmission may affect security.
For a chained connection, the availability of one BTS depends not only on those
above it but also on the links between BTSs.
So the chain is closed and the farthest BTS of the BSC is directly connected to the
BSC.
In the looped configuration, PCM redundancy is N+1.
The parameter bscSitePcmList (btsSiteManager logical object) provides the list
of connections bscPortNumber ~ btsPortNumber, between a BTS and its
managing BSC. This can explain why the BSC does not see the intermediate BTS
in a chain or in a loop.

LAPD Concentration
BTS
LAPD1 FP CELL1 TDMA1
FP CELL1 TDMA2
Abis
FP CELL2 TDMA3
DCC
BSC or FP CELL2 TDMA4
1 LAPD DSC
64 kbit/s
FP CELL3 TDMA5
LAPD6
FP CELL3 TDMA6
LAPD7
CSWM Logical TRX object
BCF
The DCC and DSC boards concentrate logical and physical LAPD channels:
The BCF carries only OML signaling.
The FP carries OML and RSL signaling.
A TEI allocation is necessary since the communication is point to multipoint.
The TEI allocation is done through hardware cabling on the BTS side and by
datafill at the OMCR.
Another field of the LAPD protocol indicates the kind of signaling carried: the
SAPI.
SAPI 0 is kept for Traffic Management. (RSL)
SAPI 62 is kept for the O&M. (OML)
SAPI 3 is used for SMS. (OML)
The main or primary LAPD is the TS carrying also the BCF signaling. If more than
one LAPD are necessary, the other LAPD TS are called secondary LAPD.
LAPD : Link Access Protocol on D channel BCF : Base Common Function

DSC : Digital Signaling Concentrator TEI : Terminal Equipment Identifier
DCC : Data Channel Concentrator SAPI :Service Access Point Identifier
FP : Frame Processor OML : Operation & Maintenance Link
RSL : Radio Signaling Link

TEI Allocation
Rendez-Vous Time Slot
On BSC side: On BTS side:

RDVTS RDVTS
= TEI + 1 = TEI + 1
BTS 1
X
tei=0
BSC
X BTS 2
tei=0
X BTS 3
tei=0
At the beginning of a communication, the BTS and the BSC must both know
where is transmitted the call establishment signaling. This initial information
message is transmitted on the main LAPD TS, physically carried by the so-called
scheduled or "rendez-vous" TS. When several BTS share the same PCM, each
BTS has its own rendezvous timeslot (RDV TS) on the PCM.
If there is no switching element between the BTS and the BSC, the position of the
RDV TS is the same on the BTS and on the BSC sides.
It is then deduced by both BTS and BSC from the TEI number of the BTS (i.e. the
TEI of its BCF), which is read on a back plane port by the BTS and known by the
BSC thanks to the datafill (parameter teiBtsSiteManager in the btsSiteManager
object).
The rule is: RDV TS = TEI number + 1
teiBtsSiteManager = [0..15]
Note that for T1 PCM on Abis interface, TEI values 3, 7, 11 and 15 are forbidden.

TEI Allocation
Decorrelation Between TEI Number and RenDez-Vous TimeSlot
V8
OMC-R
RDV Time Slot
of each BTS
On BTS side:
pcmTimeSlotNumber RDVTS
= TEI + 1
btsSiteManager BTS 1
X
On BSC side: tei=0
RDVTS
= pcmTimeSlotNumber BTS 2
X
tei=0
BSC Cross Connect
X
BTS 3
X
tei=0
A way to manage the sharing of one link between many BTS consists in using a
cross connect equipment. But the use of this little switch between the BSC and the
BTS deletes the rule between TEI and RDV TS for the BSC and the OMC.
On the BTS side, we still have the rule: RDV TS = TEI + 1, but on the BSC side,
we have to introduce a new parameter that gives the RDV TS number that the
BSC shall use: pcmTimeSlotNumber.
This class 2 new V8 parameter is in the btsSiteManagerObject and the range of its
possible values is [1..31] for an E1 PCM link, and [1..24] for a T1 PCM link. There
is no default neither recommended value.
As a conclusion, from V8, we have:
on BTS side: the scheduled or RDV TS is always the TS number TEI+1,

on BSC side: the scheduled or RDV TS has a position indicated by the
parameter pcmTimeSlotNumber. If there is no cross connect or any switch
between the BTS and the BSC, then pcmTimeSlotNumber = TEI+1.
Otherwise, this equality may not be verified.

RadioSiteMask
The radioSiteMask parameter is a mask defining the traffic and signaling

(secondary LAPDs) time slots reserved on each PCM link connecting a given BTS.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Physically:
T T T T T T T T T T T T D
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
T = traffic or secondary LAPD D = main LAPD
BSC
...
SITE 1 SITE 2
There is a parameter, called radioSiteMask, enabling the management of links

sharing by the BTS themselves. The radioSiteMask is a mask of 32 bits, set to 1
if they correspond to a PCM TS carrying a secondary LAPD or traffic, and set to 0
if the corresponding TS are not reserved for this BTS or if it carries the primary
LAPD. If E1 PCM links are used, one of the bits, corresponding to TS 0 on the
PCM links, is always set to 0 because this TS always corresponds to
synchronization information and PCM alarms. If T1 PCM links are used, the first 8
TS are set to 0 because we consider only 24 TS.
The first thing to do before determining any Radio Site Mask is to attribute TEI
numbers to the sites: TEI = 0 if the BTS are in star connection, and TEI are
attributed in an ascending consecutive sequence, starting from 0, if the BTS
are chained.
Once the TEI numbers determined, we can set the TS position corresponding
to the primary LAPD to 0 in each Radio Site Mask. This TS is always at the
position TEI + 1 on the BTS side.
Then, we can determine the Radio Site Mask for each site chained, starting
from the BSC side (site 1):
STEP 1: 1. Determine the number of PCM links necessary between the BSC and site1,
according to the information to transmit for all the sites chained.
2. Determine the radio Site mask for site1.
3. Apply this Radio Site mask on the interface between site 1 and site 2 and
deduce the capacity of the links on this interface for the other sites.
STEP n: n 2
1. Determine the number of PCM links necessary between the site n - 1 and site n,
according to the information to transmit for all the following sites chained.
2. Deduce the Radio Site Mask for the site n.
3. Apply this Radio Site Mask on the interface between site n and site n+1 and
deduce the capacity of the links on this interface for the further sites.

Radio Site Mask

radioSiteMask Computation
BSC
...
Spread the SITE 1 SITE 2

traffic TS
equally onto all TEI = 0 TEI = 1 Primary LAPD
the PCM links for site 1
SITE 1:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Secondary LAPD and traffic TS

(even number) on each PCM link
SITE 2:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Secondary LAPD and traffic TS

(even number) on each PCM link Primary LAPD
for site 2
As we have previously seen, we first set the main LAPD position of the site to 0 in
the Radio Site Mask of each site.
Then, we compute the number of PCM links necessary for the BSC-side
connection.
The "1" in the Radio Site Mask indicate the positions used by the site for traffic
and secondary LAPDs:
number of secondary LAPDs = total number of LAPDs - 1. And the total
number of LAPD TS for the site is determined according to the engineering
rule: 1 LAPD for the whole site if the site holds 8 TRX or 1 LAPD per cell
otherwise. The total number of secondary LAPDs is reserved in the Radio Site
Mask, and thus reserved on each PCM link.
number of traffic TS per PCM: the total number of traffic TS delivered by
one site is twice the number of TRX of the site. And those traffic TS shall be
equally spread onto all the PCM links arriving to the site from the BSC-side.
There is one supplementary constraint: the number of traffic TS effectively
carried by each PCM link is always even, since each frame processor delivers
the 2 PCM TS corresponding to its TDMA onto the same PCM link.
Thus, the number of traffic TS carried by each PCM link is:
For 1 PCM entering the BTS: 2 x (Nb TRX)
For 2 PCM entering the BTS: 2 x Ent [ (Nb TRX + 1) / 2 ]
For 3 PCM entering the BTS: 2 x Ent [ (Nb TRX + 2) / 3 ]
Ent = lower entire part.
Remark: From V11, the secondary LAPDs are physically transmitted after the
traffic TS and on the same PCM link as the one carrying the main LAPD TS.

Example 1
Single BTS Configuration with Secondary LAPDs
BSC S333
TEI = 0
TS LAPD = 1
PCM E1 radioSiteMask.
TS0 is not used and the corresponding bit is set to 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
18 traffic TS 2 secondary
LAPD TS
Main
PCM T1 radioSiteMask. LAPD
(BTS 1)
TS speech and signaling
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Main
LAPD
(BTS 1)
TS 0 of E1 PCM links is always set to 0, because it is reserved for synchronization

and PCM alarms. This is not the case for T1 PCM links, for which the signaling is
transmitted on one added bit at the beginning of the frame.
In this example, the BTS is an S333 configuration. It holds 9 TRX, so 3 LAPD TS

are necessary (1 per cell): there is 1 main LAPD and 2 secondary LAPD TS.
Furthermore, (3x3)x2 = 18 traffic TS are necessary. So, the total number of TS
delivered onto the Abis interface by the single connected BTS is:
18 (traffic) + 3 (LAPD) = 21 TS.
Whatever the type of PCM link (E1 or T1), one link is sufficient. As a conclusion,
all the TS (traffic and secondary LAPD TS) are reserved in the radioSiteMask.

Example 2
Chain Configuration
Site A Site B
PCM1 PCM2
BTS BTS
BSC S 222 S 22
1. Determine the radioSiteMask for site A and site B
2. Determine the information carried by each PCM link:
TA: traffic for site A
PA: primary LAPD for site A
SA: secondary LAPD for site A
TB: traffic for site B
PB: primary LAPD for site B
SB: secondary LAPD for site B
Site A: TEIBCF = Site B: TEIBCF =
PCM E1
radioSiteMask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A
SITE B
Physically
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1
PCM2

Student Notes

Example 3
Chain Configuration
Site A Site B
PCM 1 PCM 3
PCM 2 PCM 4
BTS BTS
BSC S 555 S 332

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A
SITE B
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1
PCM2
PCM3
PCM4

Student Notes

Example 4
Loop Configuration
BTS BTS
O4 O4
PCM 1 PCM 2
Site A PCM 3 Site B

BSC

Site A: TEIBCF = Site B: TEIBCF =
PCM E1
radioSiteMask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A
SITE B
Physically
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1
PCM2
PCM3

Student Notes

Example 5
Hub & Spoke Configuration
Site B
Site A
PCM 3
PCM 1
O3
PCM 2 Site C Site D
O5 PCM 4 PCM 5
BSC
O4 O2

Remark: Nortel BTS cannot act as a switch for Hub and Spoke Configurations. So
even if 1 PCM link would have the necessary capacity for all the connected sites,
we would use 2 PCM links in the above case.
Site A: TEIBCF = Site B: TEIBCF = Site C: TEIBCF = Site D: TEIBCF =
PCM E1
radioSiteMask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A
SITE B
SITE C
SITE D
Physically
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1
PCM2
PCM3
PCM4
PCM5

Student Notes

Example 6
Cross Connect Configuration
Site A
PCM 1 BTS pcmTimeSlotNumber = 1
O2
Cross Site B
connect PCM 2
S111
BSC Site C
O1
Site A: TEIBCF = Site B: TEIBCF = Site C: TEIBCF = Site D: TEIBCF =
PCM E1
radioSiteMask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A
SITE B
SITE C
Physically
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1
PCM2
PCM3
PCM4

Student Notes

LAPD and Traffic Channel Defence

Automatic Reconfiguration in Case of PCM Failure
1
V1
W
NE
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 2 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ......... 0 0 0 0 0
RadioSiteMask
PCM1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 T1 T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 S S ......... P
Normal
configuration T2 T2 T1 T1 T1 T1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 .........
PCM2
T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 T1 T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 S S .........
After PCM1 PCM1
failure PCM2 T02 T20 T1 T1 T1 T1 T0 T0 T1 T1 TT12 T12 S S ......... P
The TDMA priority is configured through the parameter

trafficPCMAllocationPriority
In case of PCM failure, two new V11 features allow to reconfigure the secondary
LAPD channel(s), and then the traffic channels on the remaining PCM(s) if no PCM
redundancy is used. The primary LAPD channel was already reconfigured on one of
the remaining PCMs in previous release (if no PCM redundancy was used,
otherwise all TS of the failed PCM are reconfigured onto the redundant PCM).
In case of PCM failure and when no redundant PCM is defined, the BSC will
reconfigure from V11:
1. The primary LAPD, on the RDV TS of the first remaining PCM (lowest
number).
2. All the secondary LAPD(s), on the same TS of the first remaining PCM.
3. The traffic TS according to the TDMA priorities for the site. These priorities
are configured through trafficPCMAllocationPriority [0-255]
parameter(Default value = 255). This class 2 parameter is attached to the
transceiver logical object.
This new feature fully secures Abis interface because it ensures a complete
defense in case of PCM failure, whereas in previous release, only the primary
LAPD was reconfigured.
The TDMAs of highest priority of the failed PCM are reconfigured by replacing the
TDMAs of lowest priority on the remaining PCMs until the priorities of the failed PCM
the priorities on the remaining PCMs.
Through the tuning of the different TDMA priorities for the site, the operator can
choose to ensure a minimum traffic capability on each cell of the same BTS site, or
to favor one sector of the site.
Note that if the number of TDMA in a cell decreases under the threshold
minNbOfTDMA (bts logical object, Default value = 1), then the cell becomes
unavailable even if some resources are still available in the cell.
Another parameter configures the TDMA priorities in the cell: priority [0..255]
(transceiver logical object). It is used to reconfigure the TDMA of highest priority in
the cell in case of TRX failure. Default value = 255.

Exercise
Automatic Reconfiguration
After a failure on PCM1, what will be the automatic reconfiguration on the remaining PCMs?
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 2 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ......... 0 0 0 0 0
RadioSiteMask
T2 T2 T0 T0 T1 T1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 .........
PCM2
T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 .........
PCM3
PCM1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 T1 T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 S S .........
PCM2
PCM3

Student Notes

BSC Dimensioning
Section 5
BSC Dimensioning
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 BSC Dimensioning 5-1

BSC Dimensioning
Contents
Objectives
Overall Information
SICD / SICD8V Computation
DDTI Computation
TCU Capacity
Final Step

BSC Dimensioning
Objectives
At the end of this section, you will be able to determine:

Number of BSCs necessary to manage the BTSs
For each BSC, you will be able to determine:

Number of SICD/SICD8V boards
Number of BSCB boards BSC Type
Number of DDTI boards
Number of CCS7 boards
The dimensioning method is developed:

Starting from the sites features.
Dealing with the hardware and software limits of BSC boards.
Taking into account signaling capacity on LAPD and CCS7 links.
Dimensioning rules are carried out and their use is explained.
Remarks
in the BSC dimensioning, we have to consider 2 types of signaling: LAPD
(Abis + Ater) and CCS7 (Ater).
BSC 12000 type depends only on the number of: - SICD8V
- BSCB
and on the offered traffic from the BTS.

BSC Dimensioning

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
Overall information must be taken into account for BSC dimensioning. Are reminded:
the links between the BSC and other parts of the system,
the boards which number will be computed,
the parameters external to BSC but used in BSC dimensioning,
the main features and configuration parts of BSC.
A general view of the dimensioning method is also provided.

BSC Dimensioning
Reminder
Chain A To/From OMC-R Chain B
C MMU SLS2 SLS2 MMU

O -IDE -IDE
SCSI bus SCSI bus
N IDE bus
CPU- CPU- CPU- CPU- IDE bus
CPU- CPU-
T OMU
MPU BIFP SUP2 SUP2 BIFP MPU OMU
- IDE - IDE
R
O
L SICX CCS7 SICD8V SICD8V CCS7 SICX
E
Q
U ECI A ECI B
I RCB RCB
P
M
E
N
T ALA TSCB BSCB DDTI
O&M/A bus O&M/B bus
Kit HC100
Constant
Type dependant
External Loops To/From BTS To/From TCU/MSC
To be dimensioned
The elements to dimension are:

CCS7 boards for CCS7 signaling,
SICD/SICD8V boards for LAPD signaling,
DDTI boards for PCMs,
BSCB boards for LAPD concentration.
Kit HC100 (hardware) = new MMU-IDE

new OMU-IDE
new interface IDE (before: interface SCSI)
new SLS2
new SUP2
Remark:
The kit increase the resistance to overload but does not increase itself the capacity
of the BSC. In order to increase the BSC capacity, a software patch is necessary,
available from V11.03. This patch can not be implemented without the kit HC100.

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
Definition
BTS dimensioning BSC dimensioning
Abis Ater A
BSC 6000 /
BSC 12000 MSC
TCU
BTS 1 1
6 CCS7
1
1
1 DDTI
1
B T
S S
C C
B* B TCU
up to
7 / 12
BTS 1 or 9 /14
4 SICD /
6
SICD8V
- With remote transcoders TCU (up to 7 with E1 PCM links; up to 9 with T1 PCM links)
- CCS7 TS (2, 4 or 6)
- LAPD TS (One or more on Abis; one on Ater)
* For BSC 6000 (type 4 and 5) and for BSC 12000 (every type)
Dimensioning BSC consists in determining its hardware and software configurations:

Taking into account as specifications: data supplied by the sites and BTS
organization.
Using dedicated BSC rules and limits.
The elements to define are:
Number of CCS7 boards.
Number of SICD/SICD8V boards.
Number of BSCB boards if needed
Number of DDTI boards.
Number of A PCM links.
Number of Ater PCM links.
Number of TCUs.

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
BSC 6000 and BSC 12000 Product Range
Control cabinet: Boards list (per chain)
BSC Name 602/1201 604/1202 606/1203 608/1204 610/1205
MPU/BIFP boards *1 2 2 3 3 3
SICD boards/SICD8V*2 2/1 4/2 6/3 8/4 10/5
CCS7 boards 1/1 1/2 2/2 2/2 2/3

OMU boards 1 1 1 1 1
SICX boards 1 1 1 1 1
SUP boards 1 1 1 1 1
MMU board 1 1 1 1 1
SLS board 1 1 1 1 1
ERLANGS*3 120/250 240/500 360/750 480/1000 600/1200
Equipment cabinet: Boards list
BSC Name 602/1201 604/1202 606/1203 608/1204 610/1205
ECI boards 2x1 2x1 2x1 2x1 2x1
SWC boards 2x1 2x1 2x1 2x1 2x1
SWE boards 2x1/2x2 2x1/2x2 2x1/2x2 2x2 2x2
MSW boards 2x1/2x2 2x1/2x2 2x1/2x2 2x2 2x2
RCB boards 2x1 2x2 2x3 2x4 2x5
DDTI boards 6/10 to 24 10/10 to 24 14/10 to 24 20/10 to 24 24/10 to 24
TSCB boards 2 2 2 2 2
BSCB boards *4 0/4 0/6 0/9 12 12
ALA board 1 1 1 1 1
Maximum limitation
This table gives the board configuration for each available BSC type:
CCS7 boards: one board can process 2 CCS7 links.
SICD boards: one board can process up to 16 LAPD time slots carried on Abis
PCM links, one SICD8V up to 64 TRX.
TSCB/BSCB boards: one board can process 15 I/O with a maximum
concentration rate of 4 for LAPD signaling.
DDTI boards: to interface Abis PCM links and Ater PCM links; each board
handles 2 PCM links.
*1 Always 1 MPU board + 1 or 2 BIFP board(s) according to the BSC type.

*2 On BSC 6000: SICD with 4 entries.
On BSC 12000: SICD8V with 8 entries.
*3 The Erlang capacity given here is for the NORTEL standard traffic model.
*4 The figures are given (in both cases) considering that one board is needed for
redundancy purpose.

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
BSC Load, Software and Hardware Limits
BSC 6000/12000
LIMIT
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5

SITES per BSC *1 Hard 7/28 15/60 23/92 124 138
TRX per BSC Soft 32/64 64/128 96/192 128/256 160/320
7(E1)/12(E1) 7(E1)/12(E1) 7(E1)/12(E1) 7(E1)/12(E1) 7(E1)/12(E1)
TCU per BSC Soft 9(T1)/14(T1) 9(T1)/14(T1) 9(T1)/14(T1) 9(T1)/14(T1) 9(T1)/14(T1)
E1 840/1440 840/1440 840/1440 840/1440 840/1440
Terrestrial Circuits T1 Soft 828/1288 828/1288 828/1288 828/1288 828/1288
PCM Hard 12/48 20/48 28/48 40/48 48
CELLS per BSC Hard 32/64 64/120 96/160 128/160 160
This table summarizes the limitation rules used to determine the different
components of a BSC and then to choose its type.
The main limitation rules for BSC 6000/BSC 12000 dimensioning are:
Rule 1: No more than 16 TRX per SICD, 64 TRX per SICD8V.
Rule 2: One SICD board manages up to 4 LAPD ports (concentrated or not), 1 SICD8V up to
8 LAPD ports.
Rule 3: No more than 8 TRX per LAPD TS delivered by the BTS (DSC/DCC limitation).
Rule 4: CCS7 link per BSC 6000 per BSC 12000.
= 2 for BSC type 1/2 2 for BSC type 1.
= 4 for BSC type 3/4/5 4 for BSC type 2,3, 4.
6 for BSC type 5.
One CCS7 board handles 2 CCS7 links on A interface. Around oneCCS7 link per 200
Erlangs of traffic TCH. Two links must be provided at least (load sharing pair).
Rule 5: One DDTI board handles 2 PCM links on Abis and Ater interfaces.
Rule 6: No more than 10 TEI per SICD port, 15 TEI per SICD8V port (with BSCB boards).
Reminder on TCU: The maximum number of TCU in the table includes one
redundant TCU.
*1 The maximum number of sites per BSC corresponds to the maximum number of
LAPD TS that a BSC can receive on Abis interface. Consequently, this
maximum value is obtained for the maximum number of BSCB boards (with 1
redundant) and if each site delivers a single TS (Smallest configuration).

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
Capacity versus Traffic Model
Short Call
w/o HC100 w/ HC100&CPUE120 w/ HC100&CPU133
BHCA 67185 115067 128250
BSC1205 Erl Off. 668 OMU / SUP / 1145 1276
BIFP A-I/F
V11 Erl Car. 634 SWC 1087 1200
Subs. 29860 51147 57000
BHCA 67185 96197 118479

BIFP BIFP
V12 Erl Car. 634 SWC 909 1119
Subs. 29860 42754 52657
High Mobility
BHCA 30571 49833 49833
BSC1205 Erl Off. 782.8 OMU / SUP / 1276 1276
A-I/F A-I/F
V11 Erl Car. 742.9 SWC 1200 1200
Subs. 30571 49833 49833
BHCA 30571 41426 49833
BIFP A-I/F
V12 Erl Car. 743 SWC 1007 1200
Subs. 30571 41426 49833
Standard
BHCA 49833 49833 49833
BSC1205 Erl Off. 1276 1276 1276
A-I/F A-I/F A-I/F
V11 Erl Car. 1200 1200 1200
Subs. 49833 49833 49833
BHCA 49833 49833 49833
BSC1205 Erl Off. 1276 1276 1276
A-I/F A-I/F A-I/F
V12 Erl Car. 1200 1200 1200
Subs. 49833 49833 49833

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
BSC Dimensioning Method
BTS BSC
1
BSC limits LAPD Nb (Ater)
TSCB
LAPD Nb (Abis) BSCB Nb

1 SICD/SICD8V
SITE COMPUTA-
COMPUTA- TRX Nb TION SICD/SICD8V Nb
Site
elements TION

n TRX Nb BSC
number
BSC BSC
max offered CHOICE Type(s)
max offered traffic
traffic CCS7
DDTI Nb Nb
DDTI (for BSC 6000)
Abis PCM Nb COMPUTA-
TION
(Ater Nb)
BSC TCU
blocking rate Number
The whole BSC provisioning process is made up of the steps described hereafter.
1. Site computation
The goal of this step is to determine the number of BSC. It is an iterative process done until we have
grouped the sites per BSC.
Results have been obtained previously for each site (BTS dimensioning). The computation now,
consists in finding out for all sites:
Offered traffic: adding Erlangs of each site.
Cell number: adding number cells of each site.
TRX number: adding number TRX of each site.
LAPD dimensioning on Abis interface.
Number of PCM links on Abis interface; for BTS connection to BSC, the different possibilities
must be taken into account according to PCM link save (and cost save) on Abis interface: star
connection, chain connection (single multi-drop), or loop connection (full multi-drop).
The values obtained above are compared with those of the summary table.
2. SICD/SICD8V computation
The number of SICD/SICD8V boards is obtained, using LAPD channel number as a starting data, and
then computation is done using rules 1, 2, 3 and 7 on the previous page.
The output will be to determine the number of SICD/SICD8V boards taking into account the load limits
on SICD/SICD8V and the number of BSCB.
3. DDTI computation
This step determines the number of DDTI boards according to the need of PCM links for CCS7 TS,
LAPD TS and X.25 TS.
4. BSC choice
This step is the final process and will determine the type of BSC to be used. All influent parameters
are considered, without forgetting the CCS7 board(s).
Note: The OK signal on the diagram is only a teaching representation of compliance with the site, or
SICD/SICD8V, or DDTI limits. The simultaneously existence of these three signals authorizes the
choice of a BSC. If it is not the case, the solution is a higher number of BSC.

BSC Dimensioning
Overall Information
Site Computation
BTS BSC dimensioning

dimensioning
Sites Splitting
N
Sites number
Y
Cell number 1 BSC enough?
TRX number
Adding LAPD number on Abis BSC
Abis number for BSC limits (SICD/SICD8V & BSCB) dimensioning
LAPD number all sites Abis number
(DDTI)
Max. Offered
BSC traffic (CCS7)
traffic
(~ offered traffic)
Site Computation
The influent parameters of each site are taken into account to allow other computations. The values of
each site must be added, with respect to the limitations of the summary table.
1. Cell number (examples)
add 1 for each omni-directional site. add 3 for each tri-sectorial site.
add 2 for each bi-sectorial site. add n for each n-sectorial site.
2. TRX number
The number of TRX is the cumulative number for all the cells. This number was obtained previously
for each cell by the BTS dimensioning.
3. PCM link number on Abis interface
This number of PCM links is maximal in case of star configuration(at least 1 PCM per BTS). The
number of PCM necessary to connect each BTS to the BSC is determined during the BTS
dimensioning. If we use drop and insert, 2 configurations are possible:
Single drop and insert: only the number of PCM links of the first site is taken into account.
Chained drop and insert: only the number of PCM links of the first site and of the last one are
taken into account.
The drop and insert configuration is often determined during the BSC dimensioning.
4. LAPD number
The number of LAPD channels on Abis interface is the cumulative number of LAPD TS obtained in the
BTS dimensioning for all sites.
5. Offered traffic
Maximum traffic in Erlangs offered by all the sites to the BSC. We consider that this offered traffic is
the maximum offered traffic that all the sites can manage together for the required QoS.
6. BSC limits
The BSC limits to be taken into account (summary table) are:
Maximum number of sites, cells and TRXs managed by a BSC.
Maximum number of boards of each type.
Maximum offered traffic.
If the site computation results do not exceed the BSC limits, 1 BSC is sufficient (able to manage all the
sites) and we just have to dimension it. In reverse case, site splitting must be performed and another
BSC must be added. Finally, each BSC of the network must be dimensioned.

BSC Dimensioning
SICD/SICD8V Computation
The rules used to evaluate the number of SICD/SICD8V boards are illustrated.

BSC Dimensioning
Load Constraints on LAPD and SICD/SICD8V without BSCB boards
BSC 6000 BSC 12000
Software limit n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 < 16 Software limit n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5 + n6 + n7 + n8 < 64

DSC/DCC DSC/DCC
n1
M LAPD1 SICD n1
M LAPD1 SICD8V
U U
X X
M LAPD2
Cell or n 2 U
X
site Multibus II Multibus II
M LAPD3
n3 U
X
n4
M LAPD4 n8
M LAPD8
U U
X X
TRX BTS BSC TRX BTS BSC
8TRX max/ LAPD TS 8 TRX max / LAPD TS
This diagram translates the rules concerning the number of TRX managed by the
BSC through SICD/SICD8V board.
One SICD board can manage 16 TRX at most (S/W limitation), and one SICD8V
board can manage 64 TRX at most.
One SICD board has 4 LAPD ports. One SICD8V board has 8 LAPD ports.
Remember: the BTS is able to concentrate the signaling for up to 8 TRXs onto
one single LAPD TS.
Remarks
By convention, the TCU concentrated LAPD TS (delivered by the TSCB
board) is always processed by SICD 0/ SICD8V 0 port 3 (fourth port).
If we do not use BSCB boards, the SICD8V software limit is virtual because we
will never cross the 64 TRX value (on each of the 8 ports, we have at most 8
TRXs: DSC/DCC limitation).

BSC Dimensioning
BTS LAPD Concentration by BSCB boards
SICD8V LAPD delivered by a BTS:

at most 8 TRXs
Transcoding DDTI
SICD
NRZ External PCM
HDB3
B8ZS
LAPD
RCB 2
1
TCU-LAPD
up to
Concentration 14->1
Multibus II TSCB
TSCB
12
8 TRXs max
(w/o BSCB) 1
SICD OR
10 or 15 TEI max
(w BSCB)
Switching BTS-LAPD x4
LAPD Concentration BSCB
Matrix BSCB
LAPD concentrated
BSCB
by BSCB:
at most 10 or 15 TEI
This feature aims to concentrate LAPD links from different BTS sites on the same SICD/SICD8V port.
It allows to manage up to 138 sites (with redundancy) or 147 sites (without redundancy) on a BSC
type 5.
This is performed thanks to signaling concentration from the BTS on a BTS Signaling Concentration
Board BSCB. These additional BSCB boards is particularly useful for microcellular configurations
where a lot of sites are necessary to use the total capacity of the BSC. The usage of these boards is
optional and the operator has the possibility to add them when required.
BSC level
Without this feature, the number of sites managed by a BSC is limited by the number of SICD/SICD8V
ports (39 is the maximum with 10 SICD boards or 5 SICD8V boards).
One BSCB has 15 ports which are configured in this way: 4 ports concentrated to 1, this being done
three times.
Configuration
The BSC 6000 and BSC 12000 is equipped with 2 TSCB (1+1) and up to 12 BSCB (11+1).
The two TSCB boards are reserved for the Ater interface. In the same cabinet, an extra shelf contains
the supplementary BSCB boards (up to 12 BSCB) needed for the LAPD concentration on the Abis
interface.
Engineering Rules: Max. number of sites according to the number of Abis / BSCB boards.
Example: with redundancy of BSCB boards:
BSC 6000/12000 Number of BSCB Max. number of sites

Type 1 0/4 7/28
Type 2 0/6 15/60
Type 3 0/9 23/92
Type 4 12 124
Type 5 12 138
Redundancy
A N+1 redundancy mechanism is provided in the BSC software meaning that the dimensioning must
take into account that an additional board is needed for redundancy purposes.

BSC Dimensioning
Load Constraints on LAPD and SICD/SICD8V with BSCB Boards
BSC 6000 BSC 12000
Software limit ni < 16 Software limit ni < 64

DSC/DCC DSC/DCC
BSCB BSCB
M M
n1 U n1
X ni TRX U
X ni TRX
LAPD1 LAPD1
SICD SICD8V
LAPD2
LAPD3
LAPD4 LAPD8
10 TEI max / LAPD port 15 TEI max / LAPD port
Using BSCB boards, the limitation on each port of the SICD / SICD8V board is:
10 TEI maximum for the SICD,
15 TEI maximum for the SICD8V.
This TEI limitation regulates the concentration of the LAPD TS by the BSCB boards.
Recommendation: If a BTS delivers several LAPD TS and if BSCB boards are
used, the signaling carried by each LAPD TS shall be connected to different LAPD
ports, otherwise the configuration could lead to serious operational problems. In
other words, if BSCB boards are used in the BSC, a BSCB board shall not
concentrate together LAPD TS delivered by the same BTS.

BSC Dimensioning
Overview
S/W Rule: N1
Number of TRX / 16
Number of TRX / 64
N Number of
Max* (N1, N2)
SICD boards
Number of
H/W Rule: SICD8V boards
Number of LAPD links / 4 N2

(concentrated + non concentrated by BSCB)
Number of LAPD links / 8
* verify that there exists a
repartition of the LAPDs onto
the SICD/SICD8V boards
including the TCU LAPD &
verify the number of TEI per
LAPD port
To define the number of SICD/SICD8V boards:

Use H/W Rule: one SICD board for up to 4 LAPD links, one SICD8V for up to 8 LAPD.
Check load limit for SICD/SICD8V board: S/W Rule relating to TRX number.
Check that there is no SICD/SICD8V port with more than 8 TRX (Rule 3).
Note: add one LAPD channel (and only one) to take into account TCU management:
On Ater interface, one LAPD channel is necessary per TCU.
Each BSC can manage:
- up to 7 TCU with E1 Ater PCM links,
- up to 9 TCU with T1 Ater PCM links.
The LAPD channels on Ater interface are connected to only one LAPD channel incoming
SICD/SICD8V board, through TSCB board and interface boards DDTI and RCB in BSC.
In V8 release, the concentration of LAPD channel on Abis interface through BSCB allows the BSC to
manage more sites (up to 147 instead of 39).
Example 1: SICD SICD8V
4 S888
R1: (4 sites x 24 TRX) / 16 = 6 SICD R1: (4 sites x 24 TRX) / 64 = 2 SICD8V
R2: (4 sites x 3 LAPD + 1 for TCU) / 4 = 4 SICD R2: (4 sites x 3 LAPD + 1 for TCU) / 8 = 2 SICD8V
We take the result provided by S/W Rule. S/W and HW rule give the same results
Example 2:
10 S333
R1: (10 x 3 x 3) / 16 = 6 SICD R1: (10 x 3 x 3) / 64 = 2 SICD8V
R2: (10 x 3 + 1) / 4 = 8 SICD R2: (10 x 3 + 1) / 8 = 4 SICD8V
We take the result provided by H/W Rule. We take the result provided by H/W Rule.

BSC Dimensioning
Exercise
BSCB
S332
O2
O2
O2
O1
O2
O4
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2 SICD8V
S888
O8
O8
O4
S444
Exercise
Give the faults that have been done on this configuration of a BSC12 000
(type 1).
Propose one possible solution using the minimum number of SICD8V and
BSCB boards possible.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
To determine the number of DDTI boards in one BSC, we must calculate the total
number of external PCM links this BSC has to manage. We know this number on
Abis interface: it is the sum of the PCM links towards the BTS supervised by the
BSC. We dont know the number of PCM links on Ater. This chapter deals with that
calculation.
On Ater, we have different types of channel:
traffic channels (speech or data),
LAPD channels (to supervise TCUs),
X.25 channels (if OMC-BSC connection is done through the MSC),
CCS7 channels (NSS - BSS signaling).

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
Ater Traffic Channels

Max. total traffic in

the cells managed Total number of Total number of
by the BSC Terrestrial Circuit
traffic channels 4 traffic TS on
Computation on Ater interface

Ater interface
BSC blocking rate
(0.1%)
Traffic on BSC = traffic on the BTS.

For a given BSC blocking rate, tables of Erlang B law give the number of resources
(terrestrial circuits).
Example for a BSC with planned traffic of 150 Erlangs and blocking rate of 0.1%:
Tables give: 183 resources:
183/4 = 46; i.e. 46 traffic TS on Ater PCM links.
To terrestrial circuits for traffic you must add:
CCS7 TS for signaling between BSC and MSC (Ater and A PCM links).
LAPD TS on Ater for signaling between BSC and TCU (Ater PCM link).
X.25 for O&M traffic transportation towards OMC-R at A-interface.
Note
0.1% is the recommended value for blocking rate at A-interface for terrestrial circuit
computation.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
LAPD on Ater
1 LAPD TS on each Ater PCM
There is one LAPD TS on each ATER PCM link (OML for TCU supervision and
downloading).

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
CCS7 Signaling Link Dimensioning
BSC 6000 BSC 12000
2 links for BSC type 1, 2 2 links for BSC type 1
4 links for BSC type 3, 4, 5 4 links for BSC type 2, 3, 4
6 links for BSC type 5
1 CCS7 board manages 2 CCS7 links (TS)
The various procedures running between NSS and BSS are using CCS7 signaling.
One CCS7 link is conveyed through a PCM TS at 64 kbit/s.
However, for redundancy purposes, CCS7 links must work by pair on a load sharing
basis (if real redundancy is observed).
Thus 2 CCS7 links are to be configured for one BSC 6000 with lower traffic. And four
CCS7 links will be necessary with a fully equipped BSC 6000. A BSC 12000 needs
up to 6 CCS7 links.
In the dimensioning procedure, we deduce the number of CCS7 boards needed from
the type of the BSC determined, whereas the SICD boards number is involved in the
BSC type determination.
For BSC 12000, this is possible because the BSC type can be determine so far
(without the nb of DDTI board).
For the BSC 6000, since the type depends on the nb of DDTI (that we do not know
yet), we estimate the number of CCS7 links, knowing that we have approximately 1
CCS7 load sharing pair for 200 Erl, if we use full redundancy. We can also estimate
the type of the BSC according to the offered traffic, the nb of sites & cells, the nb of
TRX and the nb of SICD/SICD8V boards. And then check that this assumption was
correct in terms of CCS7 management.
Note: If the number of Ater links is less than the CCS7 time slot number, the use of
a second CCS7 redundant link on the same Ater link will not be considered as a full
redundancy.
Approximately: 1 CCS7 load sharing pair for 200 Erl offered traffic, if we use full
redundancy.
At this level of the BSC dimensioning, the BSC type is estimated from the offered
traffic only.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
X.25
X.25
2 TS per BSC on the Ater Interface
This connection for O&M traffic transportation towards OMC-R is optional
An X.25 link is used for O&M transportation towards the OMC-R at Ater and A-
interfaces, when a direct connection between the OMC-R and the BSCs is not
possible (X.25 network).
In this case, 2 TS (1 + 1 redundant) shall be provisioned per BSC for X.25 signaling,
and these 2 TS shall be preferably carried by 2 different PCM links.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
Ater PCM Link Computation
One TS for TCU LAPD

Number of
traffic
E1 PCM
Time slot number
(64 kbit/s) Take the upper of E1 PCM
30 on Ater
multiple of 30
(+ 1 if spare TCU)
Total
number One TS for TCU LAPD
+
of Ater
time slots
T1 PCM
2TS for X.25 number
optional Take the upper of T1 PCM
23 on Ater
multiple of 23
(+ 1 if spare TCU)
2 TS, 4 TS or 6 TS for CCS7
signaling
Do not forget to add a supplementary Ater PCM links if you provision a spare TCU
Ater definition: one LAPD time slot is sufficient and mandatory on each Ater PCM
link for intra-signaling between BSC and TCU; then:
For E1 PCM link: with TS0 dedicated to PCM link management and
synchronization, then 30 TS are available for traffic and CCS7 time slots (and
X.25 if this option is used).
For T1 PCM link: then 23 TS are available for traffic and CCS7 time slots (and
X.25 if this option is used).
Example (continued from previous pages) (150 Erlangs BSC):
Number of traffic TS on Ater: 46.
Number of CCS7 TS on Ater: 2 (1 + 1).
Total number of TS on Ater: 48.
For E1 PCM: 48/30 2 Ater PCM links.
For T1 PCM: 48/23 3 Ater PCM links.
Note:
This dimensioning example does not take into account X.25 time slots for O&M
traffic transportation towards OMC-R at A-interface.
* Do not forget to add a supplementary Ater PCM links if you provision a spare
TCU.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
Check
Software limits
OK
Abis
PCM links
+ 2 DDTI board
number
Ater
PCM links
1. DDTI boards are the direct BSC interface to all BSC external PCM links: Abis and
Ater PCM links must be added.
2. Then according to the DDTI implementation, the number of DDTI boards is
immediately obtained:
1 DDTI board for 2 PCM links.
3. Check of the DDTI implementation in BSC (table of limits).

For instance, the maximum number of DDTI boards equals 24 for
BSC 6000/12000.
Note: The DDTI computation results compliance with software limits is
represented on the overview diagram by the OK signal.
Remember the difference between the BSC 6000 & the BSC 12000:
- BSC 6000: the number of DDTI board is fixed per BSC type,
- BSC 12000: the number of DDTI boards is between 10 & 24
independently on the type of the BSC the number of DDTI boards
needed doesnt decide for the BSC type, and it will finally never be lower
than 10.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
A-interface PCM Computation
Number of (Full rate) Number of E1 PCM

x4
E1 PCM on Ater on A-interface
Number of (Full rate) Number of T1 PCM

x4
T1 PCM on Ater on A-interface
The number of PCM links on A-interface is directly obtained from the number of Ater
PCM links.
Each time slot on A PCM link (64 kbit/s rate) carries one single speech or data
communication channel (speech is sampled at 8 kHz and each sample is coded onto
8 bits) whereas on Ater interface, a communication channel has a rate of 8 or
16 kbits/s:
For full rate speech and data whose nominal rate is 9.6 kbits/s: multiplying
factor = 4.
For half rate speech and data whose nominal rate is 4.8 kbits/s: multiplying
factor = 8.
If we want to determine an accurate value for the number of A PCM links, we thus
need to know the proportion of each multiplying factor.
The multiplication factor is applied to the number of Ater PCM links instead of the
total number of Ater TS because the dimensioning optimizes the number of Ater
PCM links. So one single Ater PCM link among all connected to a BSC may
eventually not be totally used for the current situation. But since the whole PCM may
be used later on, we have to dimension the corresponding number of PCM links on A
interface.

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
Ater and A-interface E1 PCM Capacity: Look-up Table
Full rate traffic channels (BSC 12000)

blocking rate = 0.1%
TRAFFIC LOAD E1 PCM LINKS E1 PCM LINKS
(in Erlangs) (BSC-TCU) (TCU-MSC)

86 1 4
195 2 8
300 3 12
414 4 16
529 5 20
644 6 24
760 7 28
876 8 32
985 9 36
1101 10 40
1218 11 44
These values do not take into account X.25 TS and considering CCS7 TS working by pair
Full rate traffic channels; blocking rate = 0.1%

This table summarizes the detailed calculations described on two above diagrams.
Other such tables can be established for other blocking rate values, in same manner.
Example 1 - 100 Erlangs offered traffic BSC; BSC blocking rate = 0.1%
Result given directly by the table:
- 2 E1 PCM links on Ater interface.
- 8 E1 PCM links on A-interface.
Detailed calculation:
- from Erlang B tables: number of resources = 128,
- for full rate traffic channels (division by 4): 128/4 = 32 traffic channels on Ater interface,
- for a 100 Erlangs BSC: 2 CCS7 time slots are only necessary; therefore, adding two TS
gives 34 TS on Ater interface,
- number of PCM links on Ater interface: 34/30 2 (as previously found),
- number of PCM links on A-interface: 2 x 4 = 8 (as previously found).
Note: 1 LAPD TS is taken into account on Ater link (30 TS instead of 31) for management of each
TCU.
Example 2 - Given a BSC with one E1 PCM link on Ater interface; BSC blocking rate = 0.1%
Result given directly by the table: 86 Erlangs offered traffic.
- CCS7 time slots on Ater: 2 CCS7 time slots are necessary,
- LAPD time slot on Ater: one TS is reserved on each Ater link for TCU management, then:
number of Ater time slots (one link): 31 - 1 (LAPD) = 30 TS,
- number of traffic time slots: 30 - 2 (CCS7) = 28 TS,
- number of terrestrial circuits: 28 x 4 = 112 TS,
- from Erlang B tables: offered traffic 86 Erlangs (as obtained previously).

BSC Dimensioning
DDTI Computation
Ater and A-interface T1 PCM Capacity: Look-up Table
Full rate traffic channels (BSC 12000)
blocking rate = 0.1%
TRAFFIC LOAD T1 PCM LINKS T1 PCM LINKS
(in Erlangs) (BSC-TCU) (TCU-MSC)

61 1 4
144 2 8
229 3 12
308 4 16
395 5 20
483 6 24
571 7 28
659 8 32
748 9 36
837 10 40
919 11 44
1008 12 48
1098 13 52
1187 14 54
These values do not take into account X.25 TS and considering CCS7 TS working by pair
Full rate traffic channels; blocking rate = 0.1%

This table summarizes the detailed calculations described on two above diagrams.
Other such tables can be established for other blocking rate values, in same manner.
Example 1 - 100 Erlangs offered traffic BSC; BSC blocking rate = 0.1%
Result given directly by the table:
- 2 T1 PCM links on Ater interface,
- 8 T1 PCM links on A-interface.
- from Erlang B tables: number of resources = 128,
- for full rate traffic channels (division by 4): 128/4 = 32 traffic channels on Ater interface,
- for a 100 Erlangs BSC: 2 CCS7 time slots are only necessary for redundancy purpose;
therefore, adding two TS gives 34 TS on Ater interface,
- number of PCM links on Ater interface: 34/23 2 (as previously found),
- number of PCM links on A-interface: 2 x 4 = 8 (as previously found).
Note
1 LAPD TS is taken into account on Ater link (23 TS instead of 24) for management of each TCU.
Example 2 - Given a BSC with one T1 PCM link on Ater interface; BSC blocking rate = 0.1%
Result given directly by the table: 61 Erlangs offered traffic.
- CCS7 time slots on Ater: 2 CCS7 time slots are necessary,
- LAPD time slot on Ater: one TS is reserved on each Ater link for TCU management, then:
number of Ater time slots (one link): 24 - 1 (LAPD) = 23 TS,
- number of traffic time slots: 23 - 2 (CCS7) = 21 TS,
- number of terrestrial circuits: 21 x 4 = 84 TS,
- from Erlang B tables: offered traffic 61 Erlangs (as obtained previously).

BSC Dimensioning
TCU Capacity
The conversion from Ater link number to A-interface link number is reminded.

BSC Dimensioning
TCU Capacity
E1 PCM Links
120 full rate traffic channels

1 TS = 1*(64 kbit/s A Law channel)
1 TS =
16 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
TCU
MSC (A-interface)
BSC (Ater interface)
1 TCU per Ater PCM link
One TCU manages one PCM link on Ater interface, so the number of TCU equals
the number of PCM links on Ater interface. One TCU is generally used for
redundancy, so:
Number of TCU = number of PCM links on Ater interface

(include the spare TCU if a spare Ater PCM link was provisioned)
The TCU main function is reminded:

On Ater interface, a time slot of the PCM link carries 4 encoded full rate
speech/data samples or 8 encoded half rate speech/data samples.
On A-interface, a time slot of the PCM link carries only one of these samples.
Reminder
On each A-interface E1 PCM link, 31 time slots are available at most (TS0 is
reserved for PCM link management and synchronization). If we add 1 LAPD TS
per PCM Ater, the maximum capacity of each PCM on Ater interface (without
CCS7 TS) is 30 TS. So 1 TCU can manage at most 30 x 4 = 120 full rate
communications or 30 x 8 = 240 half rate communications.
One BSC 6000 can manage up to 7 TCU, one BSC 12000 up to 12 TCU
(redundancy included).

BSC Dimensioning
TCU Capacity
T1 PCM Links
92 full rate traffic channels

1 TS = 1 * (64 kbit/s Law channel)
1 TS =
16 kbit/s 64 kbit/s
TCU
MSC (A-interface)
BSC (Ater interface)
1 TCU per Ater PCM link
One TCU manages one PCM link on Ater interface, so the number of TCU equals
the number of PCM links on Ater interface. One TCU is generally used for
redundancy, so:
Number of TCU = number of PCM links on Ater interface

(include the spare TCU if a spare Ater PCM link was provisioned)
The TCU main function is recalled:

On Ater interface, a time slot of the PCM link carries 4 encoded full rate
speech/data samples or 8 encoded half rate speech/data samples.
On A-interface, a time slot of the PCM link carries only one of these samples.
Reminder
On each A-interface T1 PCM link, 24 time slots are available at most. If we add
1 LAPD TS per PCM Ater, the maximum capacity of each PCM on Ater interface
(without CCS7 TS) is 23 TS. So 1 TCU can manage at most 23 x 4 = 92 full rate
communications or 23 x 8 = 184 half rate communications.
One BSC 6000 can manage up to 9 TCU, one BSC 12000 up to 14 TCU
(redundancy included).

BSC Dimensioning

BSC Dimensioning
Final Step
An overall diagram summarizes the main data involved in the definition of BSC type:
Board number (SICD/SICD8V, TSCB, BSCB, CCS7, DDTI).
Offered traffic.

BSC Dimensioning
Final Step
Overall Diagram
OK
BSCB number (if used)
SICD/SICD8V number
DDTI number (BSC 6000)
Offered traffic BSC choice BSC type
Cells number
Sites number
TRX number
All site dependent elements of the BSC have been defined, according to:
The definition rules.
And the limits of the BSC load (software and hardware limit table).
When these site elements are in compliance with these rules and limits, the OK
signal on the diagram is right.
Confirmation of the BSC type choice is given by the BSC product range table.

Section 6
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 BSS Dimensioning Review Exercises 6-1

Review Exercise
Global Example 1
Assumptions
Site configuration: Ox and S yyy

BTS product range S8000 Outdoor

BSC
Radio interface blocking rate:
(TCH): 2%
n m (SDCCH): 0.1%
A-interface blocking rate: 0.1%
BTS1 BTS2 E1 PCM links
1000 Sub 1000 1000 1000 Problem: define BSC (BSC 6000 &
25 mE 25 mE 25 mE 25 mE BSC 12000), Abis link, Ater link
and A link
For BTS dimensioning use look-up tables:
BTS1 = Omnisectorial
BTS2 = Trisectorial

Review Exercise
Global Example 1 (Cont'd)
Abis E1 Abis T1
Subscribers Total BTS

BTS Erlangs TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 LAPD PCM PCM
per cell PCM TS links config. links
1 1000 25
2 1000 25
1000 25
1000 25
Abis Ater A BSC

SICD DDTI SS7 6000/
BSC Erlangs Site(s) Cell(s) E1/T1 PCM TRX SICD8V E1/T1 PCM E1/T1 PCM TCU 12000
links boards links boards links board
type

Review Exercises
Global example 2
This global example is given to show the impact of limitations

Beware: this example is not a field application
BSC 12000
Abis
BTS1 BTS50
Ox: 400 subscribers (25 mE) Ox: 400 subscribers (25 mE)
Assumptions:
radio blocking rate on TCH: 2%; radio blocking rate on SDCCH: 0.1%; A-interface
blocking rate: 0.1%; E1 PCM links
50 same sites Ox with 400 x 25 mE subscribers
Problem:
Show limitation due to Abis PCM links (number of DDTI boards)
Compute SICD8V and DDTI boards numbers, and then define BSC variant
Compute SICD8V and DDTI boards numbers, using BSCB boards for Abis management and
Drop and Insert techniques for the BTS (6 BTS per loop)

Student Notes

Student Notes

Case Study
Section 7
Case Study
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Case Study 7-1

Case Study
Case Study
The exercise consists in dimensioning the BSS of a GSM network.
The network is composed of 929 BTS regrouped around 7 BSC locations which are detailed below ( a
BSC location may have several BSCs):
BSC locations Number of subscribers Number of sites

City A 139000 144 (trisectorial)
City B 100000 111 (trisectorial)

City C 115000 117 (trisectorial)
City D 44000 46 (trisectorial)
City E 95000 99 (trisectorial)
Site F (roads coverage) 29000 130 (bisectorial)
Site G (rural areas) 89000 282 (trisectorial)
1) Assuming that the subscribers are equally distributed on all the cells of a given city or
site and using the traffic model of section 2, find one possible configuration for the BTS.
2) For each BSC location, compute the limitation factors and deduce the number of BSCs
and their type (take the minimum configuration). Compute SICD8V and DDTI boards using
BSCB and drop & insert if necessary. If you use D&I, determine the radio site mask of
each BTS of the chain.
3) Determine the number of TCU cabinets necessary.
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Case Study 7-2

Exercises Solutions
Section 8
Exercises Solutions
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Exercises Solutions 8-1

Exercises Solutions
Erlang Law (Section 2)
Exercise
) How many resources are necessary for an offered traffic of 65 Erl with a
blocking rate value of 2%?
) What is the maximum offered traffic that 95 resources can manage

without exceeding a blocking rate value of 0.1%?
) How many resources are necessary for an offered traffic of 290 Erl with a
blocking rate value of 0.1%?
without exceeding a blocking rate value of 10%?
without exceeding a blocking rate value of 2%?
Solution
According to the Erlang Tables:

65 Erl at 2% 77 resources.
95 resources at 0.1% 70.854 Erl at most.
290 Erl at 0.1% 334 resources.
960 resources at 10% 1057.377 Erl at most.
1070 resources at 2% A = 991.865 + 1093.226 991.865 70=1062.8177
100

Exercises Solutions
Traffic Model (Section 2)

Standard Traffic Model. Observed figures
Number of observed subscriber = 4000 Mean SDCCH occupancy per call

attempt = 4 s
Total call attempts at the busy hour = 3600
Mean SDCCH occupancy for loc. update,
IMSI Attach/Detach, SMS,
Call attempts per subscriber during

the busy hour = 0.9 supplementary services = 4 s
60 100
100
20
20 Average number of
requests for SDCCH,
except those for call
attempts, during the BH,
for the whole subscribers
Mean TCH occupancy per call attempt (traffic) = 84 s = 21600
Mean TCH occupancy per call attempt (signaling) = 16 s
Mean TCH occupancy per call attempt (total) = 100 s
Exercise :
Find ATCH and ASDCCH for 1subscriber at the busy hour.
ATCH = TCH x TTCH
TCH = call attempts = 0.9 CA/BH
TTCH = 100 s = 100 / 3600 = 0.0278 h
ATCH = 0.9 x 0.0278 = 25 mErl
ASDCCH = SDCCH x TSDCCH
SDCCH = call attempts + others
others = 21600 / 4000 = 5.4 requests per subscriber during BH
TSDCCH = 4 s = 4 / 3600 = 0.0011 h
ASDCCH = ( 5.4 + 0.9) x 0.0011 = 7 mErl
ASDCCH = 28% ATCH

Exercises Solutions
BTS Dimensioning Exercise (Section 3)

Exercise p 3-16.
Solution :
With 8 TRX, 64 TS are available. But the total number of radio TS we need is 57
(53 TCH + 3 SDCCH/8 + 1 BCCH).
So we have 7 TS in addition.
If we use these 7 TS as TS for TCH, we will have: 53 + 7 = 60 TS for TCH.
This 60 TS for TCH correspond to 49.64 Erl of TCH (1 resource = 1 TCH and
Erlang table with blocking rate = 2%).
Corresponding SDCCH needed traffic is:
28% x 49.64 = 13.90 Erl => 27 resources SDCCH
(blocking rate = 0.1%)
=> 4 TS SDCCH/8.
Therefore, 3 TS SDCCH/8 are not sufficient to carry the dedicated signaling
corresponding to the new traffic.
So we cannot add more than 6 TS TCH.
Finally, we must split the 7 supplementary TS into 6 TCH and 1 SDCCH/8.
Conclusion:
64 TS = 59 TCH + 4 SDCCH/8 + 1 BCCH.

Exercises Solutions
BTS Dimensioning Exercise 1 (Section 3)
1. Assumptions: S8000 Indoor product range

S - Traffic per subscriber = 25 mE
0
- Blocking rate on Signaling = 0.1%
0
0
On 2. Find out number:
1480 Subscribers I - TRX
n - PCMI boards
d - DSC boards
o
o 3. Using:
r - Detailed method
- Look-up tables
BTS
1. Solution in table
Offered traffic = 1480 x 25 mE = 37 Erlangs; table gives immediately
(for 42.1 Erlangs maximum):
7 TRX 52 TCH 1 BCCH 3 SDCCH/8 1 LAPD 15 PCM TS.
1 E1 DTI/board or 1 T1 DTI/board (1 + 1) DCC boards.
2. Solution with detailed computation

From Erlang B table: TCH number = 47 TS for 37 Erlangs.
SDCCH computation: use of Erlang B tables starting from the traffic model for
which:
- Offered traffic of 37 Erlangs needs signaling traffic of
37 x (28/100) = 10.36 Erlangs.
- Erlang B table gives: SDCCH resources = 22 then SDCCH/8 = 22/8 3 TS.
Total number of radio channels (TCH + SDCCH + BCCH): 47 + 3 + 1 = 51.
Number of TRX: 51/8 7.
3. Verification
7 TRX deliver 7 x 8 = 56 (51 + 5) TS.
If the 5 additional TS are used as TCH, then the total number of TCH TS will be
52 (47 + 5).
From Erlang B table, offered traffic corresponding to 52 TCH is 42.1 Erlangs.
SDCCH computation (using Traffic Model):
- signaling traffic for offered traffic is: 28 x 42.1 / 100 = 11.79 Erlangs
- Erlang B table gives: 24 resources or 24/8 = 3 SDCCH TS.
Finally: 52 TCH + 1 BCCH + 3 SDCCH = 56 TS.

Exercises Solutions
4. BTS load constraints
PCMI boards: Nb of PCM = Nb of TS / 31 (for E1)
Nb of TS = 1 (LAPD) + 2 x 7 (TRX)
= 15 => Nb of PCM = 1
So we need 1 PCMI board.
DSC boards = 2 (1 + 1 redundant) < 4 (max for an S8000 Indoor).
Summary Table
TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 LAPD PCM TS E1 DSC PCMI
7 52 1 3 1 15 1 2 1

Exercises Solutions
BTS Dimensioning Exercise 2 (Section 3)
1000
Subscribers S 1. Assumptions: S8000 Outdoor product range
8 - Traffic per subscriber = 25 mE
0 - Blocking rate on signaling = 0.1%
0
500 2. Find out number:
O
Subscribers - TRX
u
t - PCMI boards
d - DSC boards
o
o 3. Using:
1500 r - Look-up tables
Subscribers
* Cell dimensioning:
1500 subscribers => Offered traffic = 37.5 Erlangs; table gives immediately (for
42.1 Erlangs):
1000 subscribers => Offered traffic = 25 Erlangs; table gives 27 Erlangs:
500 subscribers => Offered traffic = 12.5 Erlangs; table gives 14 Erlangs:
* Site dimensioning:
BTS configuration: S357
The LAPD configuration can be optimized by using 1 LAPD for the sector with 7
TRX and 1 LAPD for the sectors with 5 and 3 TRX.
2 LAPD on Abis give 2 DSC boards + 1 for redundancy.
32 TS PCM on Abis give 2 PCM links, so 1 PCMI board.

Exercises Solutions
Example 2 (Section 4)
PCM E1
Site A Site B
BTS BTS
BSC S 222 S 22
Speech TS: Site A = 12, Site B = 8 1 PCM is necessary between BSC and site A
and thus also between site A and B
Main LAPD: Site A: TS1, Site B: TS2
Value of radioSiteMask: Site A (1-1) + 12 = 12

Site B (1-1) + 8 = 8
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Main Main
LAPD LAPD
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1 Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb Pa
PCM2 Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb

Exercises Solutions
PCM E1
Site A Site B
PCM 1 PCM 3
PCM 2 PCM 4
BTS BTS
BSC
S 555 S 332
Speech TS:
LAPD:
Site A = 30, Site B = 16
Site A = 3, Site B = 1 2 PCM E1 are necessary between the BSC and site A
Value of radioSiteMask: Site A: (3-1) + (30+1)/2 = 18 17 TS remaining for site B, not enough
Site B: (1-1) + 16/2 = 8 2 PCM between site A and B
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1 Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta S'a S'a Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb Pa
PCM2 Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb
PCM 3 Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb
PCM4 Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb

Exercises Solutions
PCM E1
BTS BTS
O4 O4
PCM 1 PCM 2
Site A PCM 3 Site B

BSC
Speech TS: Site A = 8, Site B = 8
LapD: Site A = 1, Site B = 1
Value of radioSiteMask: Site A: (1-1) + 8/1 = 8

Site B: (1-1) + 8/1 = 8
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1 Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb P a
PCM2 PCM1 Failure Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb PCM2 Failure Pb
PCM 3
Switched TS

Exercises Solutions
Site B
Site A
PCM 3
PCM 1
O3
PCM 2 Site C Site D
O5 PCM 4 PCM 5
BSC
Speech TS: Site A = 10, Site B = 6, Site C = 8, Site D = 4 O4 O2

LapD: Site A = 1, Site B = 1, Site C = 1, Site D = 1
Value of radioSiteMask: Site A: (1-1) + (10+1) / 2 = 6 Site C: (1-1) + 8 / 1 = 8

Site B: (1-1) + 6 / 1 = 8 Site D: (1-1) + 4 / 1 = 4
SITE A 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE C 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1 Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb P b Pa
PCM2 Ta Ta Ta Ta Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Td Td Td Td Pd P c
PCM 3 Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb
PCM 4 Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Td Td Td Td Pd P c
PCM 5 Td Td Td Td Pd

Exercises Solutions
PCM E1 Site A
PCM 1 BTS
O2
Cross Site B
connect PCM 2
PCM 4 BTS
S111
BSC Site C
PCM 3 BTS
Speech TS: Site A = 4, Site B = 6, Site C = 2
LapD: Site A = 1, Site B = 1, Site C = 1 O1
Value of radioSiteMask: Site A: (1-1) + 4 / 1 = 4

Site B: (1-1) + 6 / 1 = 6
Site C: (1-1) + 2 / 1 = 2
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SITE A 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE B 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SITE C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM1 Ta Ta Ta Ta Pa
PCM2 Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Pb
PCM 3 Tc Tc Pc
PCM4 Ta Ta Ta Ta Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tb Tc Tc Pc Pb P a

Exercises Solutions
Exercise (Section 4)
Automatic Reconfiguration
After a failure on PCM1, what will be the automatic reconfiguration on the remaining PCMs?
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 2 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ......... 0 0 0 0 0
RadioSiteMask
T2 T2 T0 T0 T1 T1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 .........
PCM2
T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 .........
PCM3
PCM1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T2 T2 T1 T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 S S .........
T0 T0 T0 T0 T1 T1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T1 T1
PCM2
T0 T0 T1 T1 T1 T1 T0 T0 T1 T1 T1 T1
PCM3

Exercises Solutions
BSC Dimensioning Exercise (Section 5)
BSCB
S332
O2
O2 f
O2
O1
O2
O4
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
SICD8V
c S888 e
O8
O8
O4
c S444
d
c Number of LAPD: one LAPD is able to support up to 8 TRX.

So for the S888 and S444 we need more than 1 LAPD.
d One LAPD has to be used for the signaling of the TCU (via the TSCB). This
LAPD is missing here.
e The SICD is able to manage up to 64 TRX. In this example there are 87 TRX.
This is not possible.
f The number of TEI per LAPD port after the BSCB board has to be less or equal
to 15.
An S332 correspond to 9 TEI and an O2 to 3 TEI. So on the first concentrated
LAPD there are 9 + 3 x 3 = 18 TEI. It is too much.

Exercises Solutions
BSS Dimensioning Review Exercises (Section 6)
Exercise 1
Assumptions
Site configuration: Ox and S yyy

BTS product range S8000 Outdoor
BSC
(TCH): 2%
n m
(SDCCH): 0.1%
BTS1 BTS2 A-interface blocking rate: 0.1%
E1 PCM links
1000 Sub 1000 1000 1000
25 mE 25 mE 25 mE 25 mE Problem: define BSC (BSC 6000 &
BSC 12000), Abis link, Ater link and A link
For BTS dimensioning use look-up
tables: BTS1 = Omnisectorial
BTS2 = Trisectorial
Solution
1. Site computation
Number of TRX (from appropriate tables):
- BTS1: site O5 (5 TRX; 27.3 Erl); BTS2: site S 555 (15 TRX; 81.9 Erl).
We deduce the number of traffic TS on Abis (twice TRX) = 40 TS.
Number of LAPD are determined using eng'g rule (1 LAPD for 8 TRX): 4 LAPD
TS (1 + 3) are necessary on Abis interface.
Offered traffic to BSC: 109.2 Erlangs (27.3 + 81.9); according to traffic
consideration, a BSC 12000 type 1 may fit.
2. SICD/SICD8V computation
a) SICD
H/W limitation: (4 Abis LAPD + 1 Ater LAPD) / 4 2 SICD
S/W limitation: 20 TRX / 16 2 SICD
So 2 SICD boards are sufficient
b) SICD8V
H/W limitation: (4 Abis LAPD + 1 Ater LAPD) / 8 1SICD8V
S/W limitation: 20 TRX / 64 1 SICD8V
So 1 SICD8V board is sufficient

Exercises Solutions
3. DDTI computation
Number of PCM links on Ater (from appropriate table):
- For BSC total offered traffic of 109.2 Erlangs (27.3 Erl for O5 and 81.9 Erl
for S555) and 0.1% BSC blocking rate (cf. look up tables):
Ater E1 PCM links = 2 + 1 redundant => x 4 => A E1 PCM links = 8 + 4.
Number of PCM links on Abis interface are given by the look-up table: n = 1
and m = 2.
=> 3 Abis PCM links.
So the total number of PCM links connected to the BSC is:
3 Abis + 3 Ater = 6 PCM links.
Number of DDTI boards (1 DDTI for 2 PCM links): 3 DDTI boards (10 DDTI
min in a BSC 6000).
Then 2 TCU shelves + 1 redundant are necessary, corresponding to 1 TCU
cabinet.
4. BSC choice
As a conclusion, a BSC 6000/12000 type 1 can hold 6/10 ( 3 needed) DDTI, 2/1
( 2/1) SICD/SICD8V board and can manage 32/64 ( 20) TRXs, 7/28 ( 2) sites,
840/1440 ( 155) terrestrial circuits and 120/250 Erl ( 109.2 Erl). So a BSC
6000/12000 type 1 fits.
5. CCS7 computation
For a BSC 6000/12000 type 1, we need 1 CCS7 board.
Abis E1 Abis T1
Subscribers Total BTS
BTS Erlangs TRX TCH BCCH SDCCH/8 LAPD PCM PCM
per cell PCM TS config.
links links
1 1000 25 (27.3) 5 36 1 3 1 11 1 1 O5
1000 25 (27.3) 5 36 1 3 1
2 1000 25 (27.3) 5 36 1 3 1 33 2 2 S 555
1000 25 (27.3) 5 36 1 3 1
25 (27.3): respectively current and (maximum) offered traffic for the BTS configuration
Abis Ater A
SICD8V DDTI SS7 BSC
BSC Erlangs Site(s) Cell(s) E1/T1 PCM TRX E1/T1 PCM E1/T1 PCM TCU
boards boards boards type
links links links
BTS1 1 1
1 109.2 20 1 2+1 3 8+4 1 2+1 1
BTS2 3 2
Abis Ater 1
1 TCU 4
O5 BSC 6000/BSC12000
BTS1
A
CCS7: 1 1
SICD: 2 / SICD8V: 1 TCU 4
2
DDTI: 6/10
S3 555 BTS2 A
1
TCU 4

Exercises Solutions
Exercise 2
This global example is given to show the impact of limitations

Beware: this example is not a field application
BSC 12000
Abis
BTS1 BTS50
Ox: 400 subscribers (25 mE) Ox: 400 subscribers (25 mE)
Assumptions:
radio blocking rate on TCH: 2%; radio blocking rate on SDCCH: 0.1%; A-interface
blocking rate: 0.1%; E1 PCM links
50 same sites Ox with 400 x 25 mE subscribers
Problem:
Show limitation due to Abis PCM links (number of DDTI boards)
Compute SICD8V and DDTI boards numbers, and then define BSC variant
Compute SICD8V and DDTI boards numbers, using BSCB boards for Abis management and
Drop and Insert techniques for the BTS (6 BTS per loop)
Solution
1. Site computation
Offered traffic to one BTS: 25 mErl x 400 = 10 Erl.
Number of TRX per BTS: look-up tables indicates that 3 TRX are necessary =>
O3 sites (14Erl).
Total traffic offered to the BSC: 50 x 14 = 700 Erl 750 Erl
A BSC 12000 type 3 may fit
Number of TRXs managed by the BSC: 50 x 3 = 150 192
Number of sites managed by the BSC: 50 92
Number of cells managed by the BSC: 50 160

Exercises Solutions
2. SICD8V computation
a) Without BSCB boards:
Number of LAPD TS (number of SICD8V ports necessary):
- Number of LAPD TS = Number of Abis TS + Number of Ater TS.
- Number of Abis TS = (Number of LAPD TS for 1 O3 site) x Number of
site.
Look-up Tables gives that 1 O3 site can concentrate all the LAPD
signaling on to 1 single LAPD TS on Abis interface.
Number of Abis LAPD TS = 1 x 50 = 50.
- TSCB board concentrates all the Ater LAPD TS on to 1 single LAPD
TS inside the BSC towards SICD8V boards.
Number of Ater LAPD TS = 1 (inside the BSC).
- Finally, Number of LAPD TS = 50 + 1 = 51.
Number of SICD8V boards necessary:
- Software limitation:
N1 = Number of TRX / 64 = (3 x 50) / 64 3.
- Hardware limitation:
N2 = Number of LAPD TS / 8 = 51 / 8 8.
- Number of necessary SICD8V boards: Max (N1, N2) = 8
It is impossible to process this amount of signaling since the
maximum number of SICD8V boards possibly hold by a
BSC 12000 is 5.
We have to concentrate the LAPD TS into the BSCB boards.
b) Introduction of BSCB boards for Abis signaling concentration :
There are 50 LAPD TS on Abis.
Check of the TEI: thanks to the BSCB, we can put 3 O3 on 1 LAPD port; 3 O3
correspond to 12 TEI and a LAPD port of a SICD8V board can support up to
15 TEI (after BSCB concentration). So no problem.Each BSCB will manage 9
O3
What is the minimum number of BSCB boards needed so that 3 SICD8V
boards (minimum number of boards provided by the software limitation) are
sufficient (if possible)?
The maximum number of BSCB boards we may need is the number of BSCB
boards needed to concentrate all the sites. Each BSCB board can manage 9
O3 so we need a maximum of 50 / 9 = 6 BSCB boards.
But less BSCB boards may be enough.
With 5 BSCB boards, we can concentrate up to 5 x 9 = 45 sites onto 5 x 3 =
15 LAPD ports. 23 input are available one the SICD boards (3 x 8 - 1). So in
this case we have 23 - 15 = 8 inputs remaining for the remaining sites. And
we have only 5 sites remaining to connect. So 5 BSCB boards are enough.
Should 4 BSCB boards be enough? 4 x 9 = 36 sites on to 4 x 3 = 12 inputs.
23 - 12 = 11. We can not manage all the sites with only 4 BSCB boards.
So we need 3 SICD8V and 5 BSCB boards. A BSC 12000 type 3 may fit.

Exercises Solutions
3. DDTI computation
a) Without drop and insert:
Number of DDTI boards (Number of PCM links) / 2.
Number of PCM links Number of PCM on Abis + Number of PCM on Ater.
Number of PCM on Abis = Number of PCM for O3 sites x 50.
= 1 x 50 (1 obtains from the look-up tables).
= 50.
Number of PCM on Ater = 7 + 1 redundant if we use E1 PCM (see 1).
Number of DDTI = (50 + 8) / 2 = 58/2 29.
A BSC12000 can hold at most 24 DDTI boards. Thus, we have to
perform drop and insert to reduce the number of PCM links.
b) With drop and insert:
Number of TS per BTS on Abis interface:
2 x 3 = 6 TS for traffic + 1 LAPD = 7 TS per BTS.
Thus, we can chain up to 31/7 4 BTS together (supposed that we use E1
PCM links).
Number of drop and insert loops using this maximum configuration:
50 / 4 = 12 loops of 4 BTS + 1 loop of 2 BTS.
Number of obtained PCM to interface by the BSC:
12 x 2 + 1 + 8 = 33 PCM 33/2 = 17 DDTI boards.
A BSC 12000 type 3 may fit.
Number of TCUs:
- TCU number = PCM links number on Ater.
TCU number = 7 (E1) + 1 redundant.
- So we need 8 TCU shelves spread onto 2 TCU cabinets.
4. CCS7 Computation
As we need a BSC Type 3, we need 2 CCS7 boards.
5. Conclusion
Limitation tables give that a BSC 12000 type 3 can hold 3 ( 3) SICD8V, 14 ( 24)
DDTI boards, 2 ( 2) CCS7 board, 5 ( 9) BSCB boards and manage 700 Erl ( 750
Erl), 50 ( 92) sites, 150 ( 192) TRX and 50 ( 160) cells .
SICD8V boards and DDTI boards needs were limiting factors for the management of
50 sites by 1 single BSC12000.
But drop and insert technique + LAPD concentration by BSCB (and TSCB) boards
lead to a BSC12000 type 3 acceptable solution for this case.

Exercises Solutions
Case Study (Section 7)
The exercise consists in dimensioning the BSS and NSS parts of a GSM network.
1) BTSs configuration :
a)City A.
Carried traffic on the area : 25mErl x 139000 = 3475 Erl
Carried traffic by one BTS : According to the assumption that the subscribers are
equally distributed on all the cells, 3475 Erl / 144 sites 24.13 Erl per site.
Number of TRX per cell : Look-up tables indicates that 3x2 TRX are necessary =>
S222 sites.
b) Other locations
BSC Subscribers Nb Offered Offered Site Max Abis DSC Abis PCMI
location of Traffic traffic config offered LAPD boards PCM boards
sites (Erl) Erl/site traffic /site /site /site /site /site
City A 139000 144 3475 24,13 S222 24.6 1 1 1 1
City B 100000 111 2500 22,52 S222 24.6 1 1 1 1
City C 115000 117 2875 24,57 S222 24.6 1 1 1 1
City D 44000 46 1100 23,91 S222 24.6 1 1 1 1
City E 95000 99 2375 23,98 S222 24.6 1 1 1 1
Roads 29000 130 725 5,57 S11 5.8 1 1 1 1
Rural 89000 282 2225 7,89 S111 8.7 1 1 1 1
areas
2) BSCs configuration :
a) City A.
Number of BSC.
The maximum offered traffic for this area is : 144 sites x 24.6 Erl/site = 3542.4 Erl.
The maximum traffic supported by a BSC 12000 (type 5) is 1200 Erl. 3 BSCs are
enough.
BSC type.
We have to spread the 144 sites onto 3 BSCs. We try an homogeneous distribution (3 x
48).
Each BSC have to support :
-48 sites => type 2
-144 cells => type 2
-288 TRX => type 4
-1180.8 Erl => type 5
Therefore 3 BSCs type 5 are needed.
Number of SICD8V boards.
Software limitation :
Number of SICD8V boards = 288 TRX / 64 = 4.5 => 5 boards
Hardware limitation :
Total number of LAPD = 1 x 48 BTS + 1 x 1 TCU = 49
Number of SICD8V boards = 49 / 8 = 6.125 => 7 boards.
The number of SICD8V boards is limited to 5. We need to use BSCB boards to
concentrate the LAPD TS.

Exercises Solutions
What is the optimized (i.e. minimum) number of BSCB boards to use ?
Software limitation imposes 5 SICD8V boards at least, which offers 5 x 8 = 40
LAPD ports.
We need to compute the minimum number of BSCB boards necessary to get less
than 40 LAPD TS in total that the 5 SICD8V boards will have to process, and
knowing that each LAPD port cannot support more than 15 TEI.
One S222 = 3 sectors x 2 TRX x 1 TEI/TRX +1 TEI (for the BCF) = 7 TEI on 1
LAPD concentrated at the BTS. Therefore we cannot concentrate more than 2
LAPDs into 1 at the BSC.
With a concentration rate of 2 , 1 BSCB board concentrates 6 LAPD into 3. So with
2 BSCB boards , the SICD8V boards have to process 6 concentrated + 37 non-
concentrated = 43 LAPDs > 40. With 3 BSCB boards , the SICD8V boards have to
process 9 concentrated + 31 non-concentrated = 40 LAPDs.
So we need 3 BSCB boards and with these boards 5 SICD8V boards are enough.
Plus 1 for redundancy, makes 4 BSCB boards.
The distribution of the LAPD TS onto the SICD8V could be the following :
BSCB
S222
S222
S222 TCU SICD8V
S222
S222 4 S222
S222
BSCB
18 S222 SICD8V
5 S222
BSCB
SICD8V
5 S222
8 S222 SICD8V
8 S222 SICD8V

Exercises Solutions
Conclusion :
3 BSCs type 5 are sufficient to manage the offered traffic and the associated
signaling.
Number of DDTI boards.
PCM on Ater
1 BSC type 5 manages in our case a maximum offered traffic of : 48 S222 x
24.6 Erl per S222 = 1180.8 Erl
With a blocking rate of 0.1%, 1258 traffic channels are necessary on the Ater
interface, that is to say 315 Ater TS.
315 traffic Ater TS + 6 CCS7 Ater TS + 2 X25 Ater TS = 323 Ater TS.
323 Ater TS / 30 => 11 PCMs +1 redundant
PCM on Abis
48 sites x 1 PCM = 36 PCMs Abis
To optimise the DDTI boards number we use Drop & Insert. A S222 needs 13
PCM Abis TS. A maximum of 2 S222 can share 1 Abis PCM. Therefore 24
PCM Abis links the BSC to the first BTS of each chain.
Conclusion :
(12 PCMs Ater + 24 PCMs Abis {BSC-BTS}) / 2 = 18 => 18 DDTI boards (<
24 boards maxi)
Radio site mask
To chain 24
BSC Site A Site B

Chain n
S222 S222
To chain 1
Site A
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Site B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Exercises Solutions
Number of CCS7 boards

As we use BSCs type 5, we need 3 CCS7 boards in each of them.
Number of TCUs
TCU number = PCM links on Ater
=> so we need 11 (10 + 1 redundant) TCU shelves spread onto 3 TCU cabinets.
b) Other locations
BSC BSC Type SICD8V BSCB CCS7 PCM PCM Abis DDTI / TCU
location Nb / BSC / BSC / BSC Ater BSC
City A 3 5 5 3+1 3 11+1 24 (chained/2) 18 12shelve
s onto 3
cabinets
City B 3 4 4 2+1 2 9+1 19 15 10shelve
(chained/2+1) s onto 3
cabinets
City C 3 4 4 3+1 2 9+1 20 15 10shelve
(chained/2+1) s onto 3
cabinets
City D 1 5 5 3+1 3 11+1 23 (chain of 2) 18 12shelve
s onto 3
cabinets
City E 3 4 4 1+1 2 8+1 17 13 9 shelves
(chained/2+1) onto 3
cabinets
Roads 2 3 3 5+1 2 4+1 11 (chained/6 10 (8 is 5 shelves
& 1 by 5) enough) onto 2
cabinets
Rural 6 3 3 4+1 2 4+1 12 (11 chains 10 (9 is 5 shelves
areas of 4 + 1 chain enough) onto 2
of 3) cabinets

Erlang B Tables
Section 9
Erlang B Tables
PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Erlang B Tables 9-1

Erlang B Tables
Erlang Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
Channels Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered Offered
1 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.031 0.042 0.053 0.064 0.075 0.087 0.099 0.111 0.250
2 0.014 0.046 0.105 0.153 0.223 0.282 0.333 0.381 0.427 0.470 0.513 0.555 0.595 1.000
3 0.087 0.194 0.349 0.455 0.602 0.715 0.812 0.899 0.980 1.057 1.131 1.202 1.271 1.930
4 0.235 0.439 0.701 0.869 1.092 1.259 1.399 1.525 1.640 1.748 1.851 1.949 2.045 2.945
5 0.452 0.762 1.132 1.361 1.657 1.875 2.057 2.218 2.366 2.504 2.634 2.760 2.881 4.010
6 0.728 1.146 1.622 1.909 2.276 2.543 2.765 2.960 3.139 3.305 3.462 3.613 3.758 5.109
7 1.054 1.579 2.157 2.501 2.935 3.250 3.510 3.738 3.946 4.139 4.322 4.497 4.666 6.230
8 1.422 2.051 2.730 3.128 3.627 3.987 4.283 4.543 4.779 4.999 5.207 5.405 5.597 7.369
9 1.825 2.558 3.332 3.783 4.345 4.748 5.080 5.370 5.634 5.879 6.111 6.333 6.546 8.522
10 2.260 3.092 3.961 4.461 5.084 5.529 5.896 6.216 6.507 6.776 7.031 7.275 7.510 9.685
11 2.722 3.651 4.610 5.160 5.842 6.328 6.727 7.076 7.393 7.687 7.965 8.231 8.487 10.857
12 3.207 4.231 5.279 5.876 6.615 7.141 7.573 7.950 8.292 8.610 8.910 9.197 9.474 12.036
13 3.713 4.831 5.964 6.607 7.402 7.967 8.430 8.835 9.202 9.543 9.865 10.173 10.470 13.222
14 4.239 5.446 6.663 7.352 8.200 8.804 9.298 9.730 10.121 10.485 10.828 11.157 11.473 14.413
15 4.781 6.077 7.375 8.108 9.010 9.650 10.174 10.633 11.048 11.434 11.799 12.147 12.484 15.608
16 5.339 6.721 8.099 8.875 9.829 10.505 11.059 11.544 11.983 12.390 12.776 13.144 13.500 16.807
17 5.911 7.378 8.834 9.652 10.656 11.368 11.952 12.461 12.923 13.353 13.758 14.147 14.522 18.010
18 6.496 8.046 9.578 10.437 11.491 12.238 12.850 13.385 13.870 14.321 14.747 15.154 15.548 19.216
19 7.093 8.724 10.331 11.230 12.333 13.115 13.755 14.315 14.822 15.294 15.740 16.166 16.579 20.424
20 7.700 9.411 11.092 12.031 13.181 13.997 14.666 15.249 15.779 16.271 16.737 17.183 17.613 21.635
21 8.319 10.108 11.860 12.838 14.036 14.885 15.581 16.189 16.740 17.253 17.738 18.202 18.651 22.848
22 8.946 10.812 12.635 13.651 14.896 15.778 16.501 17.132 17.705 18.238 18.742 19.226 19.693 24.064
23 9.583 11.524 13.417 14.471 15.761 16.676 17.424 18.080 18.674 19.227 19.751 20.252 20.737 25.281
24 10.227 12.243 14.204 15.295 16.631 17.577 18.352 19.031 19.647 20.220 20.761 21.281 21.784 26.499
25 10.880 12.969 14.997 16.125 17.505 18.483 19.284 19.985 20.622 21.214 21.775 22.313 22.833 27.720
26 11.540 13.701 15.795 16.959 18.383 19.392 20.219 20.943 21.600 22.212 22.792 23.347 23.885 28.941
27 12.207 14.439 16.598 17.797 19.265 20.305 21.158 21.904 22.582 23.213 23.811 24.384 24.939 30.164
28 12.880 15.182 17.406 18.640 20.151 21.221 22.099 22.867 23.566 24.216 24.832 25.423 25.995 31.389
29 13.560 15.930 18.218 19.487 21.039 22.140 23.043 23.833 24.552 25.221 25.855 26.464 27.053 32.614
30 14.246 16.684 19.034 20.337 21.932 23.062 23.990 24.802 25.540 26.228 26.881 27.506 28.113 33.840

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
31 14.938 17.442 19.855 21.192 22.826 23.986 24.939 25.772 26.531 27.237 27.908 28.550 29.173 35.066
32 15.632 18.204 20.678 22.048 23.724 24.914 25.891 26.746 27.524 28.250 28.937 29.597 30.238 36.295
33 16.335 18.972 21.505 22.910 24.626 25.845 26.843 27.719 28.520 29.262 29.967 30.644 31.302 37.524
34 17.041 19.742 22.337 23.771 25.530 26.775 27.801 28.699 29.515 30.278 30.999 31.694 32.367 38.753
35 17.752 20.518 23.169 24.638 26.434 27.712 28.759 29.675 30.514 31.293 32.032 32.744 33.435 39.986
36 18.469 21.296 24.006 25.508 27.344 28.648 29.719 30.658 31.513 32.312 33.068 33.797 34.503 41.215
37 19.188 22.078 24.846 26.378 28.254 29.585 30.680 31.640 32.515 33.330 34.106 34.850 35.571 42.448
38 19.910 22.865 25.690 27.253 29.167 30.527 31.644 32.623 33.517 34.352 35.142 35.904 36.642 43.681
39 20.638 23.651 26.533 28.129 30.079 31.469 32.607 33.608 34.521 35.373 36.181 36.960 37.716 44.913
40 21.372 24.444 27.381 29.007 30.998 32.411 33.573 34.596 35.526 36.395 37.222 38.016 38.787 46.146
41 22.105 25.239 28.233 29.888 31.916 33.356 34.543 35.585 36.534 37.419 38.264 39.075 39.861 47.382
42 22.844 26.037 29.084 30.772 32.837 34.304 35.512 36.573 37.541 38.447 39.306 40.131 40.935 48.615
43 23.586 26.838 29.939 31.655 33.759 35.252 36.484 37.564 38.552 39.474 40.350 41.194 42.012 49.851
44 24.333 27.642 30.796 32.542 34.683 36.203 37.457 38.556 39.563 40.502 41.395 42.253 43.086 51.087
45 25.080 28.448 31.655 33.432 35.607 37.156 38.429 39.550 40.573 41.529 42.440 43.315 44.164 52.323
46 25.833 29.254 32.518 34.321 36.533 38.107 39.404 40.544 41.587 42.560 43.484 44.377 45.244 53.559
47 26.586 30.066 33.381 35.213 37.463 39.064 40.382 41.541 42.600 43.590 44.532 45.440 46.321 54.795
48 27.344 30.878 34.246 36.108 38.393 40.017 41.357 42.538 43.614 44.621 45.580 46.502 47.401 56.031
49 28.103 31.696 35.112 37.003 39.323 40.974 42.335 43.535 44.628 45.654 46.627 47.567 48.481 57.271
50 28.867 32.513 35.983 37.901 40.255 41.933 43.316 44.532 45.644 46.688 47.678 48.632 49.562 58.507
51 29.631 33.331 36.851 38.799 41.188 42.892 44.297 45.532 46.664 47.721 48.729 49.698 50.645 59.747
52 30.400 34.154 37.725 39.700 42.123 43.852 45.278 46.532 47.680 48.754 49.780 50.766 51.725 60.986
53 31.170 34.977 38.599 40.603 43.061 44.814 46.259 47.535 48.700 49.791 50.830 51.832 52.809 62.222
54 31.942 35.802 39.472 41.504 43.997 45.776 47.242 48.535 49.719 50.827 51.881 52.900 53.892 63.462
55 32.717 36.631 40.352 42.410 44.935 46.738 48.226 49.538 50.739 51.864 52.935 53.968 54.975 64.701
56 33.495 37.460 41.228 43.314 45.876 47.703 49.213 50.544 51.761 52.900 53.989 55.037 56.059 65.941
57 34.273 38.291 42.108 44.223 46.817 48.668 50.200 51.547 52.784 53.940 55.042 56.108 57.145 67.181
58 35.054 39.125 42.990 45.129 47.758 49.633 51.186 52.553 53.806 54.979 56.096 57.176 58.228 68.420
59 35.837 39.959 43.872 46.038 48.702 50.601 52.173 53.558 54.829 56.019 57.153 58.248 59.315 69.663
60 36.623 40.796 44.757 46.950 49.643 51.569 53.163 54.564 55.851 57.058 58.210 59.319 60.401 70.903

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
61 37.409 41.633 45.642 47.862 50.590 52.537 54.149 55.573 56.876 58.097 59.263 60.391 61.488 72.142
62 38.201 42.473 46.527 48.774 51.533 53.508 55.139 56.582 57.902 59.140 60.320 61.462 62.574 73.385
63 38.990 43.313 47.415 49.689 52.480 54.479 56.131 57.591 58.927 60.182 61.380 62.534 63.664 74.625
64 39.785 44.155 48.305 50.603 53.427 55.450 57.121 58.599 59.953 61.225 62.437 63.608 64.750 75.868
65 40.579 45.001 49.196 51.518 54.376 56.420 58.113 59.608 60.978 62.267 63.493 64.683 65.840 77.108
66 41.376 45.846 50.087 52.435 55.326 57.394 59.106 60.620 62.007 63.309 64.553 65.754 66.926 78.351
67 42.174 46.691 50.977 53.353 56.276 58.368 60.098 61.632 63.035 64.352 65.613 66.828 68.015 79.590
68 42.974 47.539 51.870 54.270 57.225 59.341 61.094 62.643 64.063 65.397 66.673 67.903 69.105 80.833
69 43.774 48.390 52.767 55.191 58.177 60.315 62.089 63.655 65.092 66.443 67.732 68.977 70.194 82.076
70 44.577 49.238 53.663 56.111 59.130 61.292 63.082 64.667 66.120 67.485 68.792 70.055 71.287 83.319
71 45.382 50.092 54.559 57.034 60.082 62.268 64.077 65.681 67.151 68.530 69.852 71.129 72.377 84.563
72 46.188 50.945 55.455 57.955 61.035 63.245 65.075 66.693 68.180 69.579 70.915 72.207 73.466 85.802
73 46.996 51.799 56.354 58.878 61.990 64.221 66.071 67.708 69.211 70.624 71.975 73.281 74.559 87.045
74 47.805 52.655 57.253 59.804 62.945 65.198 67.069 68.722 70.242 71.670 73.037 74.359 75.648 88.288
75 48.616 53.512 58.155 60.727 63.900 66.177 68.067 69.737 71.274 72.718 74.100 75.437 76.741 89.531
76 49.427 54.368 59.054 61.653 64.855 67.156 69.065 70.754 72.305 73.766 75.160 76.514 77.833 90.774
77 50.241 55.227 59.955 62.579 65.813 68.136 70.064 71.769 73.336 74.812 76.223 77.592 78.926 92.017
78 51.055 56.087 60.860 63.507 66.772 69.115 71.062 72.787 74.371 75.860 77.289 78.669 80.019 93.264
79 51.869 56.949 61.764 64.433 67.730 70.097 72.060 73.801 75.402 76.909 78.351 79.747 81.111 94.507
80 52.686 57.811 62.669 65.362 68.688 71.077 73.061 74.819 76.436 77.957 79.414 80.824 82.204 95.750
81 53.505 58.673 63.573 66.291 69.649 72.059 74.063 75.836 77.470 79.008 80.477 81.905 83.296 96.993
82 54.325 59.537 64.478 67.222 70.607 73.041 75.064 76.857 78.505 80.057 81.543 82.982 84.389 98.236
83 55.147 60.402 65.385 68.154 71.567 74.023 76.065 77.874 79.539 81.105 82.609 84.063 85.485 99.483
84 55.967 61.270 66.293 69.082 72.528 75.006 77.066 78.892 80.573 82.157 83.671 85.140 86.577 100.726
85 56.792 62.134 67.203 70.017 73.489 75.991 78.070 79.912 81.608 83.208 84.737 86.221 87.673 101.969
86 57.614 63.005 68.110 70.948 74.453 76.973 79.071 80.933 82.645 84.256 85.803 87.302 88.765 103.215
87 58.439 63.872 69.020 71.880 75.414 77.958 80.075 81.953 83.679 85.308 86.869 88.382 89.861 104.458
88 59.267 64.743 69.933 72.814 76.378 78.943 81.079 82.971 84.716 86.359 87.935 89.463 90.957 105.701
89 60.095 65.613 70.843 73.749 77.341 79.928 82.080 83.994 85.754 87.410 89.001 90.543 92.052 106.948
90 60.923 66.483 71.756 74.683 78.305 80.914 83.087 85.015 86.788 88.462 90.066 91.624 93.145 108.191

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
91 61.753 67.356 72.669 75.620 79.272 81.901 84.091 86.035 87.825 89.516 91.135 92.705 94.241 109.438
92 62.584 68.229 73.582 76.557 80.235 82.887 85.095 87.056 88.862 90.568 92.201 93.785 95.336 110.681
93 63.415 69.102 74.495 77.492 81.202 83.875 86.100 88.079 89.900 91.619 93.270 94.869 96.432 111.927
94 64.248 69.978 75.410 78.429 82.168 84.863 87.106 89.099 90.940 92.673 94.336 95.949 97.531 113.174
95 65.082 70.854 76.326 79.369 83.132 85.851 88.113 90.123 91.977 93.725 95.405 97.033 98.627 114.417
96 65.918 71.730 77.242 80.306 84.101 86.838 89.117 91.146 93.014 94.779 96.470 98.114 99.722 115.663
97 66.751 72.606 78.157 81.246 85.068 87.826 90.124 92.170 94.054 95.833 97.539 99.197 100.818 116.906
98 67.590 73.485 79.073 82.183 86.035 88.814 91.131 93.193 95.092 96.888 98.608 100.278 101.917 118.153
99 68.426 74.363 79.992 83.123 87.004 89.805 92.138 94.216 96.132 97.942 99.677 101.361 103.012 119.399
100 69.265 75.242 80.910 84.063 87.973 90.793 93.148 95.240 97.172 98.996 100.746 102.445 104.111 120.642
101 70.104 76.121 81.829 85.006 88.940 91.784 94.155 96.263 98.212 100.051 101.815 103.529 105.207 121.889
102 70.943 77.002 82.747 85.946 89.909 92.775 95.162 97.289 99.252 101.105 102.883 104.612 106.306 123.135
103 71.785 77.883 83.668 86.888 90.879 93.766 96.172 98.313 100.290 102.159 103.952 105.696 107.401 124.382
104 72.627 78.765 84.590 87.831 91.851 94.757 97.182 99.339 101.333 103.214 105.021 106.780 108.500 125.625
105 73.468 79.649 85.508 88.774 92.820 95.747 98.189 100.365 102.373 104.268 106.093 107.863 109.599 126.872
106 74.313 80.533 86.429 89.717 93.793 96.738 99.198 101.389 103.413 105.326 107.162 108.947 110.694 128.118
107 75.158 81.418 87.353 90.659 94.762 97.729 100.208 102.415 104.453 106.380 108.231 110.031 111.793 129.365
108 76.002 82.302 88.275 91.605 95.734 98.723 101.218 103.442 105.493 107.437 109.303 111.114 112.892 130.611
109 76.849 83.186 89.199 92.548 96.706 99.714 102.228 104.468 106.537 108.492 110.371 112.198 113.991 131.854
110 77.697 84.073 90.123 93.493 97.679 100.707 103.238 105.494 107.577 109.549 111.443 113.284 115.090 133.101
111 78.544 84.960 91.044 94.439 98.651 101.701 104.251 106.520 108.620 110.606 112.512 114.368 116.188 134.347
112 79.391 85.847 91.971 95.384 99.623 102.695 105.260 107.547 109.663 111.661 113.584 115.452 117.287 135.594
113 80.241 86.734 92.895 96.330 100.598 103.688 106.270 108.576 110.703 112.718 114.656 116.538 118.386 136.840
114 81.091 87.621 93.819 97.276 101.570 104.682 107.283 109.602 111.746 113.775 115.725 117.622 119.485 138.087
115 81.942 88.511 94.746 98.224 102.545 105.676 108.296 110.629 112.790 114.833 116.796 118.709 120.583 139.333
116 82.792 89.401 95.673 99.169 103.518 106.670 109.306 111.658 113.833 115.890 117.868 119.795 121.685 140.580
117 83.644 90.290 96.600 100.118 104.493 107.666 110.318 112.684 114.876 116.947 118.940 120.879 122.784 141.826
118 84.497 91.183 97.527 101.066 105.468 108.660 111.331 113.713 115.919 118.005 120.012 121.966 123.883 143.073
119 85.350 92.073 98.453 102.015 106.443 109.656 112.344 114.743 116.962 119.062 121.084 123.053 124.981 144.319
120 86.203 92.965 99.380 102.963 107.418 110.650 113.356 115.772 118.005 120.119 122.156 124.136 126.083 145.566

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
121 87.059 93.858 100.310 103.914 108.396 111.647 114.369 116.798 119.048 121.180 123.228 125.223 127.182 146.813
122 87.914 94.750 101.240 104.863 109.371 112.643 115.382 117.827 120.092 122.237 124.300 126.310 128.281 148.059
123 88.770 95.643 102.169 105.811 110.346 113.640 116.395 118.857 121.135 123.295 125.371 127.396 129.383 149.306
124 89.626 96.538 103.099 106.762 111.324 114.636 117.410 119.886 122.181 124.355 126.446 128.483 130.481 150.552
125 90.484 97.431 104.028 107.713 112.302 115.633 118.423 120.915 123.224 125.412 127.518 129.570 131.583 151.799
126 91.342 98.326 104.958 108.664 113.277 116.629 119.436 121.947 124.270 126.470 128.590 130.656 132.682 153.045
127 92.201 99.221 105.888 109.616 114.255 117.626 120.451 122.977 125.313 127.530 129.665 131.743 133.784 154.292
128 93.059 100.117 106.820 110.567 115.232 118.623 121.467 124.006 126.359 128.590 130.737 132.830 134.886 155.538
129 93.918 101.015 107.753 111.518 116.210 119.622 122.480 125.035 127.402 129.648 131.812 133.916 135.985 156.785
130 94.779 101.910 108.685 112.469 117.188 120.619 123.495 126.067 128.449 130.708 132.883 135.003 137.086 158.035
131 95.640 102.808 109.618 113.423 118.166 121.618 124.511 127.096 129.495 131.768 133.958 136.090 138.188 159.281
132 96.501 103.706 110.550 114.377 119.147 122.615 125.527 128.129 130.541 132.826 135.030 137.176 139.290 160.528
133 97.363 104.605 111.482 115.328 120.125 123.614 126.539 129.158 131.584 133.886 136.105 138.266 140.389 161.774
134 98.226 105.503 112.415 116.282 121.105 124.613 127.555 130.190 132.630 134.946 137.177 139.353 141.491 163.021
135 99.090 106.401 113.350 117.236 122.083 125.610 128.573 131.219 133.676 136.007 138.252 140.440 142.593 164.267
136 99.954 107.302 114.283 118.190 123.064 126.609 129.589 132.251 134.722 137.067 139.327 141.529 143.694 165.517
137 100.818 108.203 115.218 119.144 124.042 127.609 130.605 133.284 135.768 138.127 140.399 142.616 144.796 166.764
138 101.682 109.101 116.153 120.098 125.023 128.608 131.620 134.316 136.814 139.188 141.473 143.703 145.898 168.010
139 102.549 110.002 117.088 121.055 126.003 129.608 132.636 135.348 137.861 140.248 142.548 144.792 147.000 169.257
140 103.413 110.905 118.023 122.009 126.984 130.610 133.655 136.380 138.907 141.308 143.623 145.879 148.102 170.503
141 104.280 111.806 118.959 122.966 127.965 131.609 134.670 137.412 139.956 142.369 144.698 146.969 149.204 171.753
142 105.147 112.707 119.894 123.920 128.946 132.609 135.686 138.444 141.002 143.429 145.773 148.056 150.306 173.000
143 106.016 113.611 120.832 124.877 129.926 133.608 136.704 139.477 142.048 144.489 146.848 149.145 151.407 174.247
144 106.883 114.515 121.767 125.833 130.910 134.611 137.723 140.509 143.094 145.553 147.923 150.232 152.509 175.493
145 107.752 115.418 122.705 126.790 131.891 135.610 138.738 141.541 144.143 146.613 148.998 151.322 153.611 176.743
146 108.622 116.322 123.643 127.747 132.874 136.612 139.757 142.573 145.189 147.673 150.072 152.411 154.713 177.990
147 109.492 117.226 124.581 128.704 133.855 137.615 140.775 143.605 146.235 148.737 151.147 153.498 155.815 179.236
148 110.361 118.129 125.519 129.660 134.838 138.614 141.791 144.640 147.284 149.797 152.222 154.588 156.917 180.483
149 111.231 119.036 126.457 130.617 135.819 139.616 142.810 145.673 148.330 150.857 153.297 155.678 158.019 181.733
150 112.103 119.939 127.395 131.577 136.803 140.619 143.828 146.705 149.379 151.921 154.372 156.764 159.123 182.979

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
151 112.975 120.846 128.333 132.534 137.786 141.621 144.847 147.740 150.428 152.981 155.447 157.854 160.225 184.226
152 113.845 121.752 129.274 133.493 138.770 142.623 145.865 148.772 151.475 154.044 156.522 158.944 161.327 185.476
153 114.717 122.659 130.212 134.450 139.753 143.625 146.884 149.807 152.524 155.105 157.600 160.034 162.429 186.722
154 115.592 123.565 131.153 135.410 140.737 144.628 147.902 150.839 153.573 156.168 158.675 161.123 163.534 187.969
155 116.464 124.472 132.094 136.369 141.721 145.630 148.921 151.874 154.619 157.228 159.749 162.213 164.636 189.219
156 117.340 125.381 133.032 137.329 142.704 146.632 149.939 152.909 155.668 158.292 160.827 163.300 165.738 190.465
157 118.212 126.287 133.973 138.288 143.688 147.635 150.961 153.942 156.717 159.355 161.902 164.389 166.843 191.712
158 119.087 127.197 134.913 139.248 144.671 148.637 151.979 154.977 157.766 160.415 162.977 165.479 167.944 192.962
159 119.962 128.106 135.857 140.208 145.658 149.642 152.998 156.012 158.812 161.478 164.055 166.569 169.049 194.208
160 120.837 129.015 136.798 141.167 146.641 150.644 154.016 157.047 159.861 162.542 165.130 167.659 170.151 195.455
161 121.715 129.924 137.739 142.127 147.625 151.647 155.038 158.082 160.910 163.605 166.208 168.748 171.256 196.705
162 122.590 130.834 138.680 143.089 148.611 152.652 156.056 159.114 161.959 164.668 167.283 169.838 172.358 197.951
163 123.468 131.743 139.623 144.049 149.598 153.654 157.078 160.149 163.008 165.729 168.361 170.928 173.460 199.201
164 124.346 132.655 140.567 145.011 150.581 154.659 158.096 161.184 164.057 166.792 169.435 172.018 174.565 200.448
165 125.224 133.564 141.508 145.971 151.567 155.664 159.117 162.219 165.106 167.855 170.513 173.111 175.670 201.694
166 126.101 134.476 142.451 146.933 152.554 156.667 160.139 163.254 166.155 168.919 171.588 174.200 176.772 202.944
167 126.979 135.388 143.395 147.896 153.540 157.672 161.157 164.289 167.207 169.982 172.666 175.290 177.877 204.191
168 127.857 136.297 144.338 148.855 154.524 158.677 162.179 165.325 168.257 171.045 173.744 176.380 178.978 205.441
169 128.738 137.209 145.282 149.818 155.510 159.682 163.200 166.363 169.306 172.109 174.819 177.469 180.083 206.688
170 129.619 138.121 146.226 150.780 156.497 160.684 164.219 167.398 170.355 173.172 175.897 178.559 181.185 207.934
171 130.496 139.036 147.169 151.742 157.483 161.690 165.240 168.433 171.404 174.235 176.975 179.652 182.290 209.184
172 131.377 139.948 148.113 152.708 158.472 162.695 166.262 169.468 172.456 175.299 178.050 180.742 183.395 210.431
173 132.258 140.860 149.059 153.670 159.459 163.700 167.283 170.503 173.505 176.362 179.127 181.832 184.497 211.681
174 133.141 141.775 150.003 154.632 160.445 164.705 168.304 171.541 174.554 177.425 180.205 182.921 185.602 212.927
175 134.022 142.690 150.949 155.595 161.431 165.710 169.326 172.576 175.606 178.492 181.283 184.014 186.707 214.177
176 134.905 143.602 151.893 156.560 162.421 166.718 170.347 173.614 176.655 179.555 182.358 185.104 187.812 215.424
177 135.786 144.517 152.839 157.522 163.407 167.723 171.369 174.649 177.707 180.618 183.436 186.194 188.914 216.674
178 136.669 145.432 153.786 158.488 164.393 168.729 172.390 175.684 178.756 181.682 184.514 187.286 190.019 217.920
179 137.553 146.346 154.732 159.450 165.383 169.734 173.411 176.722 179.805 182.748 185.592 188.376 191.123 219.167
180 138.436 147.261 155.678 160.415 166.369 170.742 174.433 177.757 180.857 183.811 186.670 189.466 192.228 220.417

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
181 139.319 148.179 156.625 161.380 167.358 171.747 175.457 178.795 181.909 184.875 187.748 190.559 193.330 221.663
182 140.203 149.094 157.571 162.346 168.348 172.752 176.479 179.830 182.958 185.938 188.825 191.648 194.435 222.913
183 141.089 150.008 158.518 163.311 169.334 173.760 177.500 180.868 184.010 187.004 189.903 192.741 195.540 224.160
184 141.973 150.926 159.464 164.273 170.323 174.765 178.521 181.906 185.059 188.068 190.981 193.831 196.645 225.410
185 142.859 151.844 160.410 165.238 171.312 175.773 179.546 182.942 186.111 189.134 192.059 194.924 197.750 226.656
186 143.745 152.758 161.360 166.204 172.302 176.778 180.567 183.980 187.163 190.197 193.137 196.013 198.855 227.906
187 144.631 153.676 162.306 167.172 173.291 177.786 181.591 185.018 188.212 191.260 194.215 197.106 199.960 229.153
188 145.517 154.593 163.255 168.137 174.280 178.794 182.613 186.053 189.264 192.327 195.293 198.196 201.065 230.403
189 146.404 155.511 164.202 169.102 175.269 179.800 183.637 187.091 190.316 193.390 196.371 199.289 202.167 231.649
190 147.290 156.429 165.151 170.067 176.259 180.808 184.659 188.129 191.365 194.456 197.449 200.379 203.272 232.899
191 148.179 157.349 166.100 171.035 177.248 181.816 185.683 189.167 192.417 195.520 198.527 201.471 204.377 234.146
192 149.065 158.267 167.049 172.001 178.237 182.824 186.704 190.205 193.469 196.586 199.604 202.561 205.481 235.396
193 149.954 159.184 167.998 172.969 179.226 183.829 187.729 191.243 194.521 197.652 200.682 203.654 206.586 236.646
194 150.843 160.105 168.948 173.934 180.215 184.837 188.750 192.278 195.573 198.716 201.763 204.747 207.691 237.892
195 151.729 161.025 169.897 174.902 181.207 185.845 189.774 193.316 196.625 199.782 202.841 205.836 208.796 239.142
196 152.618 161.942 170.846 175.867 182.197 186.853 190.799 194.354 197.677 200.845 203.919 206.929 209.901 240.389
197 153.510 162.863 171.795 176.835 183.186 187.861 191.823 195.392 198.726 201.912 204.997 208.022 211.006 241.639
198 154.399 163.783 172.744 177.803 184.178 188.869 192.844 196.430 199.778 202.978 206.075 209.112 212.111 242.885
199 155.288 164.704 173.693 178.771 185.167 189.877 193.869 197.468 200.830 204.041 207.156 210.205 213.216 244.135
200 156.177 165.624 174.645 179.739 186.159 190.885 194.893 198.506 201.882 205.108 208.234 211.297 214.324 245.382
201 157.068 166.544 175.595 180.707 187.149 191.893 195.917 199.547 202.934 206.174 209.312 212.387 215.429 246.632
202 157.960 167.465 176.547 181.675 188.141 192.904 196.942 200.585 203.986 207.240 210.389 213.480 216.534 247.882
203 158.849 168.388 177.496 182.643 189.130 193.912 197.966 201.623 205.038 208.303 211.470 214.573 217.639 249.128
204 159.741 169.308 178.448 183.611 190.122 194.920 198.990 202.661 206.093 209.370 212.548 215.665 218.744 250.378
205 160.633 170.231 179.400 184.579 191.114 195.928 200.014 203.699 207.145 210.436 213.626 216.755 219.849 251.625
206 161.524 171.152 180.349 185.547 192.103 196.939 201.039 204.737 208.197 211.502 214.707 217.848 220.954 252.875
207 162.419 172.075 181.301 186.515 193.095 197.947 202.063 205.778 209.249 212.566 215.785 218.941 222.059 254.122
208 163.311 172.995 182.253 187.486 194.087 198.955 203.087 206.816 210.301 213.632 216.866 220.034 223.167 255.372
209 164.203 173.918 183.205 188.454 195.079 199.966 204.112 207.854 211.353 214.698 217.944 221.126 224.272 256.622
210 165.097 174.842 184.157 189.422 196.071 200.974 205.136 208.892 212.405 215.765 219.022 222.219 225.377 257.868

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
211 165.989 175.765 185.109 190.393 197.063 201.985 206.160 209.933 213.460 216.831 220.103 223.309 226.481 259.118
212 166.883 176.688 186.061 191.361 198.056 202.993 207.185 210.971 214.512 217.897 221.181 224.402 227.586 260.365
213 167.778 177.611 187.013 192.332 199.048 204.003 208.209 212.012 215.564 218.964 222.261 225.495 228.694 261.615
214 168.672 178.537 187.968 193.302 200.040 205.011 209.236 213.050 216.616 220.030 223.339 226.587 229.799 262.865
215 169.567 179.460 188.920 194.270 201.032 206.022 210.260 214.088 217.671 221.096 224.420 227.680 230.904 264.111
216 170.461 180.383 189.872 195.241 202.024 207.033 211.285 215.129 218.723 222.162 225.498 228.773 232.009 265.361
217 171.356 181.309 190.826 196.212 203.016 208.041 212.309 216.167 219.775 223.229 226.579 229.866 233.117 266.608
218 172.251 182.232 191.778 197.183 204.011 209.052 213.336 217.208 220.830 224.295 227.657 230.958 234.222 267.858
219 173.148 183.158 192.733 198.151 205.003 210.063 214.361 218.246 221.882 225.361 228.738 232.051 235.327 269.108
220 174.042 184.081 193.685 199.122 205.995 211.071 215.385 219.287 222.937 226.428 229.816 233.144 236.432 270.354
221 174.940 185.007 194.640 200.093 206.987 212.082 216.412 220.325 223.989 227.494 230.897 234.237 237.540 271.604
222 175.834 185.933 195.595 201.063 207.982 213.093 217.436 221.365 225.041 228.560 231.978 235.330 238.645 272.854
223 176.732 186.859 196.549 202.034 208.974 214.104 218.464 222.406 226.096 229.627 233.056 236.422 239.750 274.101
224 177.629 187.785 197.501 203.005 209.969 215.115 219.488 223.444 227.148 230.693 234.136 237.515 240.858 275.351
225 178.526 188.711 198.456 203.976 210.961 216.125 220.515 224.485 228.203 231.759 235.214 238.608 241.963 276.597
226 179.423 189.637 199.411 204.949 211.956 217.136 221.539 225.523 229.255 232.826 236.295 239.701 243.068 277.847
227 180.321 190.563 200.366 205.920 212.948 218.144 222.567 226.564 230.310 233.895 237.376 240.794 244.176 279.097
228 181.218 191.489 201.320 206.891 213.943 219.155 223.591 227.605 231.362 234.961 238.454 241.886 245.281 280.344
229 182.118 192.417 202.275 207.862 214.935 220.166 224.618 228.646 232.417 236.027 239.535 242.979 246.389 281.594
230 183.016 193.343 203.230 208.836 215.930 221.180 225.645 229.684 233.469 237.094 240.616 244.072 247.494 282.844
231 183.916 194.269 204.188 209.806 216.925 222.191 226.670 230.725 234.524 238.160 241.694 245.165 248.599 284.090
232 184.813 195.198 205.142 210.780 217.917 223.202 227.697 231.766 235.579 239.229 242.775 246.258 249.707 285.340
233 185.713 196.127 206.097 211.751 218.912 224.212 228.724 232.807 236.631 240.296 243.856 247.350 250.812 286.590
234 186.613 197.053 207.055 212.724 219.906 225.223 229.748 233.845 237.686 241.362 244.937 248.443 251.920 287.837
235 187.510 197.981 208.009 213.695 220.901 226.234 230.775 234.886 238.738 242.428 246.014 249.539 253.025 289.087
236 188.411 198.910 208.964 214.669 221.896 227.245 231.803 235.927 239.793 243.498 247.095 250.632 254.130 290.337
237 189.311 199.839 209.922 215.643 222.888 228.259 232.830 236.968 240.848 244.564 248.176 251.725 255.238 291.583
238 190.211 200.767 210.877 216.613 223.883 229.270 233.854 238.009 241.903 245.630 249.257 252.817 256.343 292.833
239 191.114 201.696 211.834 217.587 224.878 230.281 234.881 239.050 242.955 246.700 250.335 253.910 257.451 294.083
240 192.014 202.625 212.792 218.561 225.873 231.292 235.909 240.091 244.010 247.766 251.416 255.003 258.556 295.330

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
241 192.914 203.554 213.747 219.534 226.868 232.305 236.936 241.132 245.065 248.832 252.497 256.099 259.664 296.580
242 193.817 204.482 214.704 220.508 227.863 233.316 237.963 242.173 246.117 249.901 253.578 257.192 260.769 297.830
243 194.717 205.411 215.662 221.479 228.858 234.327 238.990 243.213 247.172 250.968 254.659 258.284 261.877 299.076
244 195.620 206.340 216.619 222.452 229.853 235.341 240.017 244.254 248.227 252.034 255.740 259.377 262.981 300.326
245 196.520 207.271 217.577 223.426 230.850 236.352 241.042 245.295 249.282 253.103 256.821 260.473 264.090 301.576
246 197.423 208.200 218.534 224.400 231.845 237.365 242.069 246.336 250.337 254.170 257.899 261.566 265.194 302.823
247 198.325 209.131 219.492 225.373 232.840 238.376 243.096 247.377 251.389 255.239 258.979 262.659 266.302 304.073
248 199.228 210.060 220.449 226.350 233.835 239.390 244.123 248.418 252.444 256.305 260.060 263.752 267.410 305.323
249 200.131 210.992 221.407 227.323 234.830 240.401 245.150 249.459 253.499 257.375 261.141 264.847 268.515 306.569
250 201.034 211.923 222.365 228.297 235.828 241.415 246.181 250.500 254.554 258.441 262.222 265.940 269.623 307.819
251 201.937 212.852 223.322 229.270 236.823 242.426 247.208 251.541 255.609 259.507 263.303 267.033 270.728 309.069
252 202.840 213.783 224.280 230.244 237.817 243.439 248.235 252.582 256.664 260.576 264.384 268.126 271.836 310.319
253 203.745 214.715 225.240 231.221 238.815 244.453 249.262 253.623 257.719 261.643 265.465 269.222 272.941 311.566
254 204.648 215.646 226.198 232.194 239.810 245.464 250.289 254.664 258.774 262.712 266.546 270.314 274.049 312.816
255 205.551 216.578 227.155 233.168 240.808 246.478 251.317 255.708 259.829 263.778 267.627 271.407 275.157 314.066
256 206.457 217.509 228.116 234.144 241.803 247.491 252.344 256.749 260.884 264.848 268.708 272.503 276.262 315.313
257 207.362 218.441 229.073 235.118 242.798 248.502 253.371 257.789 261.939 265.917 269.789 273.596 277.370 316.563
258 208.265 219.372 230.031 236.094 243.795 249.516 254.401 258.830 262.993 266.983 270.870 274.689 278.475 317.813
259 209.171 220.306 230.991 237.068 244.790 250.530 255.428 259.874 264.048 268.053 271.950 275.784 279.583 319.063
260 210.077 221.238 231.951 238.044 245.788 251.544 256.455 260.915 265.103 269.119 273.031 276.877 280.691 320.309
261 210.982 222.169 232.909 239.018 246.786 252.557 257.483 261.956 266.158 270.188 274.112 277.970 281.796 321.559
262 211.888 223.104 233.869 239.994 247.781 253.568 258.513 262.997 267.213 271.254 275.193 279.066 282.904 322.809
263 212.794 224.035 234.830 240.971 248.778 254.582 259.540 264.041 268.268 272.324 276.274 280.159 284.012 324.056
264 213.699 224.969 235.787 241.944 249.776 255.596 260.567 265.082 269.323 273.393 277.355 281.255 285.117 325.306
265 214.605 225.901 236.748 242.921 250.771 256.609 261.597 266.123 270.378 274.459 278.436 282.347 286.225 326.556
266 215.510 226.835 237.708 243.897 251.769 257.623 262.624 267.167 271.433 275.529 279.517 283.440 287.333 327.806
267 216.419 227.767 238.668 244.871 252.766 258.637 263.652 268.208 272.488 276.598 280.598 284.536 288.438 329.052
268 217.325 228.701 239.629 245.847 253.761 259.651 264.682 269.249 273.543 277.664 281.679 285.629 289.546 330.302
269 218.233 229.635 240.589 246.824 254.759 260.664 265.709 270.292 274.598 278.734 282.760 286.725 290.654 331.552
270 219.139 230.569 241.549 247.800 255.757 261.678 266.736 271.333 275.653 279.803 283.841 287.817 291.759 332.802

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
271 220.047 231.504 242.510 248.777 256.755 262.692 267.766 272.377 276.708 280.869 284.925 288.913 292.867 334.049
272 220.953 232.438 243.470 249.753 257.752 263.706 268.793 273.418 277.766 281.938 286.005 290.006 293.975 335.299
273 221.861 233.372 244.430 250.730 258.750 264.719 269.823 274.462 278.821 283.008 287.086 291.099 295.083 336.549
274 222.769 234.307 245.391 251.706 259.748 265.733 270.851 275.503 279.876 284.074 288.167 292.195 296.188 337.795
275 223.678 235.241 246.351 252.682 260.745 266.747 271.881 276.544 280.931 285.143 289.248 293.288 297.296 339.045
276 224.586 236.175 247.312 253.659 261.743 267.761 272.908 277.588 281.986 286.213 290.329 294.383 298.404 340.295
277 225.495 237.109 248.275 254.635 262.741 268.774 273.938 278.629 283.044 287.282 291.410 295.476 299.512 341.545
278 226.403 238.044 249.235 255.612 263.739 269.791 274.965 279.673 284.099 288.348 292.494 296.572 300.617 342.792
279 227.312 238.981 250.195 256.591 264.736 270.805 275.995 280.713 285.154 289.418 293.575 297.665 301.725 344.042
280 228.220 239.915 251.159 257.567 265.734 271.818 277.023 281.757 286.209 290.487 294.656 298.761 302.833 345.292
281 229.128 240.849 252.119 258.544 266.732 272.832 278.053 282.801 287.267 291.556 295.737 299.853 303.941 346.542
282 230.051 241.797 253.071 259.512 267.744 273.855 279.080 283.830 288.327 292.622 296.830 300.946 305.062 347.778
283 230.940 242.715 254.048 260.494 268.736 274.857 280.122 284.883 289.391 293.698 297.886 302.045 306.142 349.028
284 231.857 243.660 254.997 261.476 269.728 275.888 281.134 285.936 290.426 294.773 298.973 303.144 307.253 350.278
285 232.773 244.606 255.974 262.458 270.720 276.890 282.176 286.959 291.489 295.818 300.060 304.243 308.364 351.528
286 233.690 245.523 256.924 263.440 271.712 277.892 283.189 288.012 292.553 296.894 301.147 305.342 309.475 352.778
287 234.579 246.469 257.901 264.422 272.732 278.923 284.230 289.064 293.587 297.969 302.234 306.410 310.586 354.028
288 235.496 247.414 258.850 265.376 273.724 279.926 285.243 290.088 294.651 299.044 303.321 307.509 311.698 355.278
289 236.413 248.332 259.827 266.358 274.717 280.956 286.285 291.140 295.715 300.119 304.378 308.608 312.809 356.528
290 237.329 249.277 260.776 267.340 275.709 281.959 287.326 292.193 296.779 301.165 305.465 309.707 313.920 357.778
291 238.218 250.222 261.753 268.322 276.729 282.990 288.339 293.216 297.813 302.240 306.552 310.806 315.000 359.028
292 239.135 251.140 262.702 269.304 277.721 283.992 289.381 294.269 298.877 303.315 307.639 311.905 316.111 360.278
293 240.052 252.085 263.680 270.286 278.713 285.023 290.394 295.322 299.941 304.391 308.726 313.004 317.222 361.528
294 240.969 253.031 264.629 271.268 279.705 286.025 291.435 296.345 301.005 305.436 309.813 314.072 318.333 362.778
295 241.885 253.948 265.578 272.222 280.697 287.027 292.477 297.398 302.039 306.511 310.870 315.171 319.444 364.028
296 242.802 254.894 266.555 273.204 281.718 288.058 293.490 298.450 303.103 307.587 311.957 316.270 320.556 365.278
297 243.691 255.839 267.504 274.186 282.710 289.061 294.531 299.474 304.167 308.662 313.043 317.369 321.667 366.528
298 244.608 256.785 268.481 275.168 283.702 290.092 295.544 300.526 305.230 309.737 314.130 318.468 322.778 367.778
299 245.525 257.702 269.430 276.150 284.694 291.094 296.586 301.579 306.265 310.783 315.217 319.567 323.889 369.028
300 246.441 258.648 270.408 277.132 285.714 292.125 297.598 302.602 307.329 311.858 316.304 320.665 324.969 370.278

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
301 247.358 259.593 271.385 278.114 286.706 293.127 298.640 303.655 308.392 312.933 317.361 321.734 326.080 371.528
302 248.275 260.538 272.334 279.097 287.698 294.158 299.682 304.708 309.456 314.008 318.448 322.833 327.191 372.778
303 249.164 261.456 273.311 280.051 288.690 295.160 300.694 305.760 310.491 315.084 319.535 323.932 328.302 374.028
304 250.081 262.401 274.260 281.033 289.711 296.191 301.736 306.784 311.554 316.129 320.622 325.031 329.414 375.278
305 250.997 263.347 275.237 282.015 290.703 297.194 302.749 307.836 312.618 317.204 321.709 326.129 330.525 376.528
306 251.914 264.292 276.186 282.997 291.695 298.196 303.791 308.889 313.682 318.280 322.796 327.228 331.636 377.778
307 252.831 265.210 277.164 283.979 292.715 299.227 304.832 309.912 314.716 319.355 323.853 328.327 332.747 379.028
308 253.748 266.155 278.113 284.961 293.707 300.229 305.845 310.965 315.780 320.430 324.940 329.426 333.858 380.278
309 254.664 267.100 279.090 285.943 294.700 301.260 306.887 312.018 316.844 321.476 326.027 330.495 334.938 381.528
310 255.581 268.046 280.039 286.925 295.692 302.262 307.899 313.041 317.908 322.551 327.114 331.593 336.049 382.778
311 256.498 268.963 281.016 287.907 296.712 303.293 308.941 314.094 318.942 323.626 328.200 332.692 337.160 384.028
312 257.387 269.909 281.965 288.889 297.704 304.296 309.983 315.146 320.006 324.701 329.287 333.791 338.272 385.278
313 258.304 270.854 282.942 289.843 298.696 305.326 310.995 316.170 321.070 325.777 330.344 334.890 339.383 386.528
314 259.220 271.800 283.892 290.825 299.688 306.329 312.037 317.222 322.134 326.822 331.431 335.989 340.494 387.778
315 260.137 272.745 284.869 291.807 300.709 307.360 313.050 318.275 323.168 327.897 332.518 337.088 341.605 389.028
316 261.054 273.663 285.846 292.789 301.701 308.362 314.091 319.298 324.232 328.973 333.605 338.156 342.716 390.278
317 261.971 274.608 286.795 293.771 302.693 309.393 315.133 320.351 325.296 330.048 334.692 339.255 343.827 391.528
318 262.887 275.553 287.772 294.753 303.713 310.395 316.146 321.404 326.359 331.123 335.779 340.354 344.938 392.778
319 263.804 276.499 288.721 295.735 304.705 311.426 317.188 322.456 327.394 332.198 336.866 341.453 346.019 394.028
320 264.721 277.444 289.698 296.717 305.697 312.428 318.200 323.480 328.457 333.244 337.923 342.552 347.130 395.278
321 265.638 278.362 290.648 297.699 306.718 313.459 319.242 324.532 329.521 334.319 339.010 343.651 348.241 396.493
322 266.554 279.307 291.625 298.681 307.710 314.462 320.284 325.585 330.585 335.394 340.097 344.750 349.352 397.743
323 267.471 280.252 292.602 299.663 308.702 315.493 321.296 326.608 331.619 336.470 341.184 345.849 350.463 398.993
324 268.388 281.198 293.551 300.645 309.694 316.495 322.338 327.661 332.683 337.545 342.271 346.917 351.574 400.243
325 269.305 282.143 294.528 301.627 310.714 317.526 323.380 328.713 333.747 338.590 343.357 348.016 352.685 401.493
326 270.221 283.089 295.477 302.609 311.706 318.528 324.392 329.766 334.811 339.665 344.414 349.115 353.796 402.743
327 271.138 284.034 296.454 303.591 312.698 319.559 325.434 330.789 335.875 340.741 345.501 350.214 354.907 403.993
328 272.055 284.952 297.432 304.574 313.719 320.561 326.447 331.842 336.909 341.816 346.588 351.313 356.019 405.243
329 272.972 285.897 298.381 305.527 314.711 321.592 327.488 332.895 337.973 342.891 347.675 352.411 357.099 406.493
330 273.888 286.842 299.358 306.510 315.703 322.595 328.530 333.918 339.037 343.967 348.762 353.510 358.210 407.743

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
331 274.805 287.788 300.307 307.492 316.723 323.625 329.543 334.971 340.100 345.012 349.849 354.609 359.321 408.993
332 275.722 288.733 301.284 308.474 317.715 324.628 330.584 336.023 341.135 346.087 350.936 355.708 360.432 410.243
333 276.639 289.679 302.261 309.456 318.707 325.659 331.626 337.076 342.199 347.162 351.993 356.777 361.543 411.493
334 277.556 290.624 303.210 310.438 319.728 326.661 332.639 338.099 343.262 348.238 353.080 357.875 362.654 412.743
335 278.472 291.542 304.188 311.420 320.720 327.692 333.681 339.152 344.326 349.313 354.167 358.974 363.765 413.993
336 279.389 292.487 305.165 312.402 321.712 328.694 334.693 340.205 345.390 350.358 355.254 360.073 364.877 415.243
337 280.306 293.432 306.114 313.384 322.704 329.725 335.735 341.228 346.424 351.434 356.341 361.172 365.988 416.493
338 281.223 294.378 307.091 314.366 323.724 330.727 336.777 342.281 347.488 352.509 357.428 362.271 367.099 417.743
339 282.139 295.323 308.040 315.348 324.717 331.758 337.789 343.333 348.552 353.584 358.514 363.370 368.179 418.993
340 283.056 296.268 309.017 316.330 325.709 332.761 338.831 344.386 349.616 354.659 359.571 364.469 369.290 420.243
341 283.973 297.214 309.994 317.312 326.729 333.792 339.873 345.409 350.650 355.735 360.658 365.537 370.401 421.493
342 284.890 298.159 310.944 318.294 327.721 334.794 340.885 346.462 351.714 356.780 361.745 366.636 371.512 422.743
343 285.806 299.105 311.921 319.276 328.713 335.825 341.927 347.515 352.778 357.855 362.832 367.735 372.623 423.993
344 286.723 300.050 312.898 320.258 329.734 336.827 342.969 348.538 353.842 358.931 363.919 368.834 373.735 425.243
345 287.668 300.968 313.847 321.240 330.726 337.858 343.981 349.591 354.905 360.006 365.006 369.933 374.846 426.493
346 288.584 301.913 314.824 322.222 331.718 338.860 345.023 350.643 355.940 361.081 366.093 371.032 375.957 427.743
347 289.501 302.858 315.801 323.204 332.738 339.891 346.065 351.696 357.004 362.157 367.150 372.131 377.068 428.993
348 290.418 303.804 316.750 324.186 333.730 340.893 347.078 352.719 358.067 363.202 368.237 373.230 378.179 430.243
349 291.335 304.749 317.728 325.168 334.722 341.924 348.119 353.772 359.131 364.277 369.324 374.328 379.290 431.493
350 292.251 305.695 318.705 326.150 335.743 342.955 349.132 354.825 360.195 365.352 370.411 375.397 380.370 432.743
351 293.168 306.640 319.654 327.132 336.735 343.958 350.174 355.877 361.229 366.428 371.498 376.496 381.481 433.993
352 294.085 307.585 320.631 328.114 337.755 344.989 351.215 356.901 362.293 367.503 372.585 377.595 382.593 435.243
353 295.002 308.531 321.580 329.097 338.747 345.991 352.228 357.953 363.357 368.578 373.671 378.694 383.704 436.493
354 295.946 309.476 322.557 330.079 339.739 347.022 353.270 359.006 364.421 369.624 374.758 379.792 384.815 437.743
355 296.863 310.422 323.534 331.061 340.760 348.024 354.311 360.029 365.455 370.699 375.815 380.891 385.926 438.993
356 297.780 311.367 324.511 332.043 341.752 349.055 355.324 361.082 366.519 371.774 376.902 381.990 387.037 440.243
357 298.697 312.312 325.461 333.025 342.744 350.057 356.366 362.135 367.583 372.849 377.989 383.089 388.148 441.493
358 299.613 313.258 326.438 334.007 343.764 351.088 357.407 363.187 368.647 373.925 379.076 384.188 389.259 442.743
359 300.530 314.203 327.415 334.989 344.756 352.090 358.420 364.211 369.710 375.000 380.163 385.287 390.370 443.993
360 301.447 315.148 328.364 335.971 345.748 353.121 359.462 365.263 370.745 376.045 381.250 386.355 391.481 445.243

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
361 302.391 316.094 329.341 336.953 346.769 354.124 360.503 366.316 371.809 377.121 382.337 387.454 392.562 446.493
362 303.308 317.039 330.318 337.935 347.761 355.155 361.516 367.368 372.872 378.196 383.424 388.553 393.673 447.743
363 304.225 317.985 331.267 338.917 348.753 356.186 362.558 368.392 373.936 379.271 384.481 389.652 394.784 448.993
364 305.142 318.930 332.245 339.899 349.773 357.188 363.600 369.444 375.000 380.346 385.568 390.751 395.895 450.243
365 306.058 319.875 333.222 340.881 350.765 358.219 364.612 370.497 376.034 381.422 386.655 391.850 397.006 451.493
366 306.975 320.821 334.171 341.863 351.786 359.221 365.654 371.550 377.098 382.467 387.742 392.949 398.117 452.743
367 307.920 321.766 335.148 342.845 352.778 360.252 366.696 372.573 378.162 383.542 388.829 394.048 399.228 453.993
368 308.836 322.684 336.125 343.855 353.770 361.254 367.708 373.626 379.226 384.618 389.915 395.147 400.340 455.243
369 309.753 323.629 337.102 344.837 354.790 362.285 368.750 374.678 380.290 385.693 391.002 396.215 401.451 456.493
370 310.670 324.602 338.051 345.819 355.782 363.288 369.792 375.731 381.324 386.768 392.059 397.314 402.562 457.743
371 311.587 325.548 339.028 346.801 356.774 364.318 370.804 376.754 382.388 387.843 393.146 398.413 403.673 458.993
372 312.531 326.493 340.006 347.783 357.795 365.321 371.846 377.807 383.452 388.889 394.233 399.512 404.784 460.243
373 313.448 327.439 340.955 348.765 358.787 366.352 372.888 378.860 384.515 389.964 395.320 400.611 405.864 461.493
374 314.365 328.384 341.932 349.747 359.807 367.383 373.900 379.912 385.579 391.039 396.407 401.709 406.975 462.743
375 315.282 329.329 342.909 350.730 360.799 368.385 374.942 380.936 386.613 392.115 397.494 402.808 408.086 463.993
376 316.198 330.275 343.886 351.712 361.791 369.416 375.984 381.988 387.677 393.190 398.581 403.907 409.198 465.243
377 317.143 331.220 344.835 352.694 362.812 370.418 376.997 383.041 388.741 394.265 399.668 405.006 410.309 466.493
378 318.060 332.165 345.812 353.676 363.804 371.449 378.038 384.094 389.805 395.341 400.725 406.105 411.420 467.743
379 318.976 333.111 346.790 354.658 364.824 372.451 379.080 385.117 390.869 396.386 401.812 407.173 412.531 468.958
380 319.893 334.056 347.739 355.640 365.816 373.482 380.093 386.170 391.903 397.461 402.899 408.272 413.642 470.208
381 320.838 335.002 348.716 356.622 366.808 374.513 381.134 387.222 392.967 398.536 403.986 409.371 414.753 471.458
382 321.754 335.947 349.693 357.604 367.829 375.515 382.176 388.275 394.031 399.612 405.072 410.470 415.864 472.708
383 322.671 336.892 350.670 358.586 368.821 376.546 383.189 389.298 395.095 400.687 406.159 411.569 416.975 473.958
384 323.588 337.838 351.619 359.568 369.841 377.549 384.230 390.351 396.158 401.762 407.246 412.668 418.086 475.208
385 324.532 338.783 352.596 360.578 370.833 378.580 385.272 391.404 397.222 402.808 408.333 413.767 419.167 476.458
386 325.449 339.729 353.573 361.560 371.825 379.582 386.285 392.456 398.257 403.883 409.420 414.866 420.278 477.708
387 326.366 340.674 354.551 362.542 372.846 380.613 387.326 393.480 399.320 404.958 410.477 415.965 421.389 478.958
388 327.283 341.619 355.500 363.524 373.838 381.644 388.368 394.532 400.384 406.033 411.564 417.063 422.500 480.208
389 328.227 342.565 356.477 364.506 374.858 382.646 389.410 395.585 401.448 407.109 412.651 418.132 423.611 481.458
390 329.144 343.510 357.454 365.488 375.850 383.677 390.422 396.637 402.512 408.184 413.738 419.231 424.722 482.708

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
391 330.061 344.456 358.431 366.470 376.842 384.679 391.464 397.661 403.546 409.259 414.825 420.330 425.833 483.958
392 330.978 345.401 359.380 367.452 377.863 385.710 392.506 398.713 404.610 410.305 415.912 421.429 426.944 485.208
393 331.922 346.346 360.357 368.434 378.855 386.712 393.519 399.766 405.674 411.380 416.999 422.527 428.056 486.458
394 332.839 347.320 361.334 369.416 379.875 387.743 394.560 400.819 406.738 412.455 418.086 423.626 429.167 487.708
395 333.756 348.265 362.312 370.398 380.867 388.774 395.602 401.842 407.801 413.530 419.143 424.725 430.278 488.958
396 334.700 349.210 363.289 371.380 381.859 389.777 396.615 402.895 408.836 414.606 420.229 425.824 431.389 490.208
397 335.617 350.156 364.238 372.391 382.880 390.808 397.656 403.947 409.900 415.681 421.316 426.923 432.500 491.458
398 336.534 351.101 365.215 373.373 383.872 391.810 398.698 405.000 410.963 416.756 422.403 428.022 433.611 492.708
399 337.478 352.046 366.192 374.355 384.892 392.841 399.711 406.053 412.027 417.802 423.490 429.121 434.691 493.958
400 338.395 352.992 367.169 375.337 385.884 393.872 400.752 407.076 413.091 418.877 424.577 430.189 435.802 495.208
401 339.312 353.937 368.118 376.319 386.876 394.874 401.794 408.129 414.155 419.952 425.664 431.288 436.914 496.458
402 340.256 354.883 369.095 377.301 387.897 395.905 402.836 409.181 415.189 421.027 426.751 432.387 438.025 497.708
403 341.173 355.828 370.073 378.283 388.889 396.907 403.848 410.234 416.253 422.103 427.838 433.486 439.136 498.958
404 342.090 356.773 371.050 379.265 389.909 397.938 404.890 411.257 417.317 423.178 428.895 434.585 440.247 500.208
405 343.007 357.747 372.027 380.247 390.901 398.969 405.932 412.310 418.381 424.253 429.982 435.684 441.358 501.458
406 343.951 358.692 372.976 381.257 391.922 399.971 406.944 413.363 419.444 425.299 431.069 436.783 442.469 502.708
407 344.868 359.637 373.953 382.239 392.914 401.002 407.986 414.415 420.508 426.374 432.156 437.882 443.580 503.958
408 345.812 360.583 374.930 383.221 393.906 402.005 409.028 415.439 421.543 427.449 433.243 438.980 444.691 505.208
409 346.729 361.528 375.907 384.203 394.926 403.036 410.041 416.491 422.606 428.524 434.330 440.079 445.802 506.458
410 347.646 362.474 376.884 385.185 395.918 404.038 411.082 417.544 423.670 429.600 435.417 441.178 446.914 507.708
411 348.590 363.419 377.834 386.167 396.939 405.069 412.124 418.596 424.734 430.675 436.504 442.247 448.025 508.958
412 349.507 364.364 378.811 387.149 397.931 406.100 413.166 419.649 425.798 431.750 437.591 443.346 449.105 510.208
413 350.424 365.338 379.788 388.131 398.951 407.102 414.178 420.673 426.832 432.826 438.647 444.444 450.216 511.458
414 351.368 366.283 380.765 389.113 399.943 408.133 415.220 421.725 427.896 433.871 439.734 445.543 451.327 512.708
415 352.285 367.228 381.742 390.123 400.935 409.164 416.262 422.778 428.960 434.946 440.821 446.642 452.438 513.958
416 353.202 368.174 382.691 391.105 401.956 410.166 417.274 423.830 430.024 436.022 441.908 447.741 453.549 515.208
417 354.147 369.119 383.668 392.088 402.948 411.197 418.316 424.854 431.087 437.097 442.995 448.840 454.660 516.458
418 355.063 370.065 384.645 393.070 403.968 412.199 419.358 425.906 432.151 438.172 444.082 449.939 455.772 517.708
419 356.008 371.010 385.623 394.052 404.960 413.230 420.370 426.959 433.186 439.247 445.169 451.038 456.883 518.958
420 356.925 371.983 386.600 395.034 405.981 414.261 421.412 428.012 434.249 440.323 446.256 452.137 457.994 520.208

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
421 357.841 372.928 387.549 396.016 406.973 415.263 422.454 429.064 435.313 441.368 447.343 453.236 459.105 521.458
422 358.786 373.874 388.526 397.026 407.993 416.294 423.495 430.088 436.377 442.443 448.430 454.335 460.216 522.708
423 359.703 374.819 389.503 398.008 408.985 417.297 424.508 431.140 437.441 443.519 449.487 455.403 461.327 523.958
424 360.647 375.765 390.480 398.990 409.977 418.328 425.550 432.193 438.505 444.594 450.574 456.502 462.438 525.208
425 361.564 376.710 391.457 399.972 410.998 419.359 426.591 433.246 439.539 445.669 451.661 457.601 463.549 526.458
426 362.481 377.683 392.434 400.954 411.990 420.361 427.604 434.269 440.603 446.744 452.748 458.700 464.660 527.708
427 363.425 378.629 393.384 401.936 413.010 421.392 428.646 435.322 441.667 447.820 453.835 459.799 465.741 528.958
428 364.342 379.574 394.361 402.918 414.002 422.394 429.688 436.374 442.730 448.895 454.921 460.897 466.852 530.208
429 365.287 380.519 395.338 403.928 415.023 423.425 430.729 437.427 443.794 449.940 456.008 461.996 467.963 531.458
430 366.203 381.465 396.315 404.910 416.015 424.456 431.742 438.480 444.858 451.016 457.095 463.095 469.074 532.708
431 367.120 382.410 397.292 405.892 417.035 425.458 432.784 439.503 445.892 452.091 458.182 464.194 470.185 533.958
432 368.065 383.383 398.269 406.874 418.027 426.489 433.825 440.556 446.956 453.166 459.239 465.293 471.296 535.208
433 368.981 384.329 399.218 407.856 419.048 427.520 434.838 441.608 448.020 454.241 460.326 466.392 472.407 536.458
434 369.926 385.274 400.195 408.838 420.040 428.522 435.880 442.661 449.084 455.317 461.413 467.491 473.519 537.708
435 370.843 386.220 401.173 409.820 421.032 429.553 436.921 443.713 450.148 456.392 462.500 468.559 474.630 538.958
436 371.787 387.165 402.150 410.831 422.052 430.556 437.963 444.737 451.212 457.437 463.587 469.658 475.741 540.208
437 372.704 388.138 403.127 411.813 423.044 431.586 438.976 445.789 452.246 458.513 464.674 470.757 476.852 541.458
438 373.621 389.084 404.104 412.795 424.065 432.617 440.017 446.842 453.310 459.588 465.761 471.856 477.963 542.708
439 374.565 390.029 405.081 413.777 425.057 433.620 441.059 447.895 454.374 460.663 466.848 472.955 479.074 543.958
440 375.482 390.974 406.030 414.759 426.077 434.651 442.101 448.947 455.437 461.738 467.935 474.054 480.185 545.208
441 376.427 391.920 407.007 415.741 427.069 435.653 443.113 449.971 456.501 462.814 469.022 475.153 481.296 546.458
442 377.343 392.893 407.984 416.751 428.090 436.684 444.155 451.023 457.565 463.889 470.079 476.252 482.377 547.708
443 378.288 393.838 408.961 417.733 429.082 437.715 445.197 452.076 458.599 464.964 471.165 477.350 483.488 548.958
444 379.205 394.784 409.939 418.715 430.102 438.717 446.209 453.129 459.663 466.010 472.252 478.449 484.599 550.208
445 380.149 395.729 410.916 419.697 431.094 439.748 447.251 454.152 460.727 467.085 473.339 479.548 485.710 551.458
446 381.066 396.674 411.893 420.679 432.115 440.779 448.293 455.205 461.791 468.160 474.426 480.647 486.821 552.708
447 382.010 397.648 412.870 421.661 433.107 441.781 449.334 456.257 462.855 469.235 475.513 481.746 487.932 553.958
448 382.927 398.593 413.819 422.671 434.127 442.812 450.347 457.310 463.918 470.311 476.600 482.814 489.043 555.208
449 383.872 399.538 414.796 423.653 435.119 443.843 451.389 458.363 464.982 471.386 477.687 483.913 490.154 556.458
450 384.788 400.484 415.773 424.635 436.139 444.845 452.431 459.386 466.017 472.461 478.774 485.012 491.265 557.708

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
451 385.733 401.457 416.750 425.617 437.132 445.876 453.472 460.439 467.080 473.536 479.861 486.111 492.377 558.958
452 386.650 402.402 417.728 426.599 438.124 446.879 454.485 461.491 468.144 474.582 480.918 487.210 493.488 560.208
453 387.594 403.348 418.705 427.609 439.144 447.910 455.527 462.544 469.208 475.657 482.005 488.309 494.599 561.458
454 388.511 404.293 419.682 428.591 440.136 448.940 456.568 463.596 470.272 476.732 483.092 489.408 495.710 562.708
455 389.456 405.266 420.659 429.574 441.156 449.943 457.610 464.620 471.336 477.808 484.179 490.507 496.821 563.958
456 390.372 406.212 421.608 430.556 442.149 450.974 458.623 465.673 472.370 478.883 485.266 491.606 497.932 565.208
457 391.317 407.157 422.585 431.538 443.169 452.005 459.664 466.725 473.434 479.958 486.353 492.705 499.043 566.458
458 392.234 408.103 423.562 432.520 444.161 453.007 460.706 467.778 474.498 481.033 487.440 493.803 500.123 567.674
459 393.178 409.076 424.539 433.530 445.181 454.038 461.719 468.830 475.561 482.109 488.527 494.902 501.235 568.924
460 394.095 410.021 425.516 434.512 446.173 455.069 462.760 469.854 476.625 483.184 489.614 496.001 502.346 570.174
461 395.040 410.967 426.494 435.494 447.194 456.071 463.802 470.906 477.689 484.229 490.700 497.070 503.457 571.424
462 395.956 411.912 427.471 436.476 448.186 457.102 464.844 471.959 478.753 485.305 491.787 498.168 504.568 572.674
463 396.901 412.885 428.448 437.458 449.206 458.104 465.856 473.012 479.787 486.380 492.844 499.267 505.679 573.924
464 397.818 413.830 429.425 438.468 450.198 459.135 466.898 474.064 480.851 487.455 493.931 500.366 506.790 575.174
465 398.762 414.776 430.374 439.450 451.219 460.166 467.940 475.088 481.915 488.530 495.018 501.465 507.901 576.424
466 399.679 415.721 431.351 440.432 452.211 461.168 468.981 476.140 482.979 489.606 496.105 502.564 509.012 577.674
467 400.623 416.694 432.328 441.414 453.231 462.199 469.994 477.193 484.043 490.681 497.192 503.663 510.123 578.924
468 401.540 417.640 433.305 442.396 454.223 463.230 471.036 478.246 485.106 491.756 498.279 504.762 511.235 580.174
469 402.485 418.585 434.283 443.406 455.244 464.233 472.078 479.298 486.170 492.802 499.366 505.861 512.346 581.424
470 403.401 419.531 435.260 444.388 456.236 465.263 473.119 480.351 487.204 493.877 500.453 506.960 513.457 582.674
471 404.346 420.504 436.237 445.370 457.256 466.294 474.132 481.374 488.268 494.952 501.540 508.059 514.568 583.924
472 405.291 421.449 437.214 446.352 458.248 467.297 475.174 482.427 489.332 496.027 502.627 509.158 515.679 585.174
473 406.207 422.395 438.191 447.334 459.269 468.328 476.215 483.480 490.396 497.103 503.714 510.256 516.790 586.424
474 407.152 423.368 439.168 448.345 460.261 469.359 477.257 484.532 491.460 498.178 504.771 511.325 517.870 587.674
475 408.069 424.313 440.145 449.327 461.281 470.361 478.270 485.585 492.524 499.253 505.857 512.424 518.981 588.924
476 409.013 425.259 441.094 450.309 462.273 471.392 479.311 486.608 493.558 500.329 506.944 513.523 520.093 590.174
477 409.930 426.204 442.071 451.291 463.294 472.423 480.353 487.661 494.622 501.404 508.031 514.621 521.204 591.424
478 410.874 427.177 443.049 452.301 464.286 473.425 481.395 488.713 495.686 502.449 509.118 515.720 522.315 592.674
479 411.819 428.123 444.026 453.283 465.306 474.456 482.407 489.766 496.749 503.524 510.205 516.819 523.426 593.924
480 412.736 429.068 445.003 454.265 466.298 475.487 483.449 490.819 497.813 504.600 511.292 517.918 524.537 595.174

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
481 413.680 430.041 445.980 455.247 467.319 476.489 484.491 491.842 498.877 505.675 512.379 519.017 525.648 596.424
482 414.597 430.987 446.957 456.229 468.311 477.520 485.532 492.895 499.941 506.750 513.466 520.116 526.759 597.674
483 415.542 431.932 447.934 457.239 469.331 478.522 486.545 493.947 500.975 507.826 514.553 521.215 527.870 598.924
484 416.458 432.877 448.911 458.221 470.323 479.553 487.587 495.000 502.039 508.901 515.640 522.314 528.981 600.174
485 417.403 433.851 449.888 459.203 471.344 480.584 488.628 496.053 503.103 509.976 516.697 523.413 530.093 601.424
486 418.347 434.796 450.865 460.185 472.336 481.586 489.670 497.105 504.167 511.051 517.784 524.512 531.204 602.674
487 419.264 435.741 451.843 461.195 473.356 482.617 490.683 498.129 505.230 512.097 518.871 525.611 532.315 603.924
488 420.209 436.714 452.820 462.177 474.348 483.648 491.725 499.181 506.294 513.172 519.958 526.679 533.426 605.174
489 421.125 437.660 453.797 463.159 475.368 484.651 492.766 500.234 507.358 514.247 521.045 527.778 534.537 606.424
490 422.070 438.605 454.774 464.141 476.361 485.682 493.808 501.287 508.392 515.323 522.132 528.877 535.648 607.674
491 423.015 439.578 455.723 465.152 477.381 486.712 494.821 502.339 509.456 516.398 523.219 529.976 536.759 608.924
492 423.931 440.524 456.700 466.134 478.373 487.715 495.862 503.363 510.520 517.473 524.306 531.074 537.840 610.174
493 424.876 441.469 457.677 467.116 479.393 488.746 496.904 504.415 511.584 518.548 525.393 532.173 538.951 611.424
494 425.793 442.442 458.654 468.098 480.385 489.777 497.946 505.468 512.648 519.624 526.479 533.272 540.062 612.674
495 426.737 443.388 459.631 469.080 481.406 490.779 498.958 506.520 513.712 520.699 527.566 534.371 541.173 613.924
496 427.682 444.333 460.609 470.090 482.398 491.810 500.000 507.573 514.775 521.744 528.653 535.470 542.284 615.174
497 428.598 445.306 461.586 471.072 483.418 492.841 501.042 508.626 515.839 522.820 529.710 536.569 543.395 616.424
498 429.543 446.252 462.563 472.054 484.439 493.843 502.083 509.649 516.874 523.895 530.797 537.668 544.506 617.674
499 430.487 447.197 463.540 473.036 485.431 494.874 503.096 510.702 517.937 524.970 531.884 538.767 545.617 618.924
500 431.404 448.170 464.517 474.046 486.451 495.905 504.138 511.754 519.001 526.045 532.971 539.866 546.728 620.174
501 432.349 449.116 465.494 475.028 487.443 496.907 505.179 512.807 520.065 527.121 534.058 540.965 547.840 621.424
502 433.266 450.061 466.471 476.010 488.464 497.938 506.221 513.860 521.129 528.196 535.145 542.063 548.951 622.674
503 434.210 451.034 467.448 476.992 489.456 498.969 507.234 514.883 522.193 529.271 536.232 543.132 550.062 623.924
504 435.155 451.980 468.425 478.002 490.476 499.971 508.275 515.936 523.257 530.346 537.319 544.231 551.173 625.174
505 436.071 452.925 469.403 478.984 491.468 501.002 509.317 516.988 524.291 531.422 538.406 545.330 552.284 626.424
506 437.016 453.898 470.380 479.966 492.489 502.033 510.359 518.041 525.355 532.467 539.493 546.429 553.395 627.674
507 437.960 454.844 471.357 480.948 493.481 503.036 511.400 519.094 526.418 533.542 540.580 547.527 554.506 628.924
508 438.877 455.789 472.334 481.958 494.501 504.066 512.413 520.146 527.482 534.618 541.667 548.626 555.617 630.174
509 439.822 456.762 473.311 482.941 495.493 505.097 513.455 521.170 528.546 535.693 542.723 549.725 556.728 631.424
510 440.766 457.708 474.288 483.923 496.514 506.128 514.497 522.222 529.610 536.768 543.810 550.824 557.840 632.674

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
511 441.683 458.681 475.265 484.905 497.506 507.131 515.538 523.275 530.674 537.843 544.897 551.923 558.920 633.924
512 442.628 459.626 476.242 485.915 498.526 508.162 516.551 524.327 531.708 538.919 545.984 553.022 560.031 635.174
513 443.572 460.572 477.219 486.897 499.518 509.192 517.593 525.380 532.772 539.994 547.071 554.121 561.142 636.424
514 444.489 461.545 478.197 487.879 500.539 510.195 518.634 526.433 533.836 541.069 548.158 555.220 562.253 637.674
515 445.433 462.490 479.174 488.861 501.559 511.226 519.676 527.456 534.900 542.115 549.245 556.319 563.364 638.924
516 446.378 463.436 480.123 489.871 502.551 512.257 520.689 528.509 535.963 543.190 550.332 557.418 564.475 640.174
517 447.295 464.409 481.100 490.853 503.571 513.259 521.730 529.561 537.027 544.265 551.419 558.516 565.586 641.424
518 448.239 465.354 482.077 491.835 504.563 514.290 522.772 530.614 538.091 545.341 552.506 559.615 566.698 642.674
519 449.184 466.300 483.054 492.845 505.584 515.321 523.814 531.667 539.155 546.416 553.593 560.684 567.809 643.924
520 450.101 467.273 484.031 493.827 506.576 516.323 524.826 532.690 540.189 547.491 554.680 561.783 568.920 645.174
521 451.045 468.218 485.008 494.809 507.596 517.354 525.868 533.743 541.253 548.566 555.737 562.882 570.031 646.424
522 451.990 469.191 485.985 495.791 508.588 518.385 526.910 534.795 542.317 549.642 556.824 563.980 571.142 647.674
523 452.906 470.137 486.963 496.801 509.609 519.387 527.951 535.848 543.381 550.717 557.911 565.079 572.253 648.924
524 453.851 471.082 487.940 497.783 510.601 520.418 528.993 536.901 544.444 551.792 558.998 566.178 573.364 650.174
525 454.795 472.055 488.917 498.765 511.621 521.449 530.006 537.953 545.508 552.838 560.085 567.277 574.475 651.424
526 455.740 473.001 489.894 499.747 512.613 522.451 531.047 538.977 546.572 553.913 561.171 568.376 575.586 652.674
527 456.657 473.974 490.871 500.758 513.634 523.482 532.089 540.029 547.636 554.988 562.258 569.475 576.698 653.924
528 457.601 474.919 491.848 501.740 514.654 524.513 533.131 541.082 548.670 556.063 563.345 570.574 577.809 655.174
529 458.546 475.865 492.825 502.722 515.646 525.544 534.144 542.135 549.734 557.139 564.432 571.673 578.920 656.424
530 459.463 476.838 493.802 503.732 516.667 526.546 535.185 543.187 550.798 558.214 565.519 572.772 580.031 657.674
531 460.407 477.783 494.779 504.714 517.659 527.577 536.227 544.240 551.862 559.289 566.606 573.871 581.111 658.924
532 461.352 478.757 495.757 505.696 518.679 528.608 537.269 545.263 552.926 560.364 567.693 574.969 582.222 660.174
533 462.268 479.702 496.734 506.678 519.671 529.611 538.310 546.316 553.989 561.440 568.780 576.068 583.333 661.424
534 463.213 480.647 497.711 507.688 520.692 530.641 539.323 547.368 555.053 562.515 569.837 577.167 584.444 662.674
535 464.158 481.621 498.688 508.670 521.684 531.672 540.365 548.421 556.117 563.590 570.924 578.236 585.556 663.924
536 465.102 482.566 499.665 509.652 522.704 532.675 541.406 549.474 557.151 564.636 572.011 579.335 586.667 665.174
537 466.019 483.539 500.642 510.634 523.724 533.706 542.448 550.526 558.215 565.711 573.098 580.433 587.778 666.424
538 466.963 484.484 501.619 511.644 524.717 534.737 543.461 551.550 559.279 566.786 574.185 581.532 588.889 667.674
539 467.908 485.430 502.596 512.626 525.737 535.739 544.502 552.602 560.343 567.861 575.272 582.631 590.000 668.924
540 468.852 486.403 503.573 513.608 526.729 536.770 545.544 553.655 561.407 568.937 576.359 583.730 591.111 670.174

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
541 469.769 487.348 504.551 514.618 527.749 537.801 546.586 554.708 562.470 570.012 577.446 584.829 592.222 671.424
542 470.714 488.322 505.528 515.600 528.741 538.832 547.627 555.760 563.534 571.087 578.533 585.928 593.333 672.674
543 471.658 489.267 506.505 516.582 529.762 539.834 548.640 556.813 564.598 572.162 579.620 587.027 594.444 673.924
544 472.603 490.212 507.482 517.593 530.754 540.865 549.682 557.836 565.632 573.238 580.707 588.126 595.556 675.174
545 473.520 491.186 508.459 518.575 531.774 541.896 550.723 558.889 566.696 574.313 581.793 589.225 596.667 676.424
546 474.464 492.131 509.436 519.557 532.795 542.898 551.765 559.942 567.760 575.358 582.880 590.324 597.778 677.674
547 475.409 493.104 510.413 520.539 533.787 543.929 552.778 560.994 568.824 576.434 583.967 591.422 598.889 678.924
548 476.325 494.050 511.418 521.549 534.807 544.960 553.819 562.047 569.888 577.509 585.024 592.521 600.000 680.174
549 477.270 495.023 512.395 522.531 535.799 545.962 554.861 563.099 570.952 578.584 586.111 593.620 601.111 681.424
550 478.214 495.968 513.372 523.513 536.820 546.993 555.903 564.152 572.015 579.659 587.198 594.719 602.222 682.674
551 479.159 496.914 514.350 524.523 537.812 548.024 556.944 565.175 573.079 580.735 588.285 595.818 603.333 683.924
552 480.104 497.887 515.327 525.505 538.832 549.026 557.957 566.228 574.113 581.810 589.372 596.886 604.414 685.174
553 481.020 498.832 516.304 526.487 539.824 550.057 558.999 567.281 575.177 582.885 590.459 597.985 605.525 686.424
554 481.965 499.805 517.281 527.469 540.845 551.088 560.041 568.333 576.241 583.961 591.546 599.084 606.636 687.674
555 482.909 500.751 518.258 528.479 541.865 552.119 561.082 569.386 577.305 585.036 592.633 600.183 607.747 688.924
556 483.854 501.724 519.235 529.461 542.857 553.121 562.124 570.439 578.369 586.111 593.720 601.282 608.858 690.174
557 484.771 502.669 520.212 530.443 543.878 554.152 563.137 571.462 579.433 587.157 594.807 602.381 609.969 691.424
558 485.715 503.643 521.189 531.453 544.870 555.183 564.178 572.515 580.496 588.232 595.894 603.480 611.080 692.674
559 486.660 504.588 522.166 532.435 545.890 556.186 565.220 573.567 581.560 589.307 596.981 604.579 612.191 693.924
560 487.604 505.533 523.143 533.418 546.882 557.216 566.262 574.620 582.595 590.382 598.068 605.678 613.302 695.174
561 488.521 506.507 524.121 534.428 547.902 558.247 567.274 575.673 583.658 591.458 599.124 606.777 614.414 696.424
562 489.466 507.452 525.098 535.410 548.923 559.278 568.316 576.725 584.722 592.533 600.211 607.875 615.525 697.674
563 490.410 508.425 526.075 536.392 549.915 560.281 569.358 577.749 585.786 593.608 601.298 608.974 616.636 698.924
564 491.355 509.370 527.052 537.402 550.935 561.312 570.399 578.801 586.850 594.683 602.385 610.073 617.747 700.174
565 492.299 510.344 528.029 538.384 551.927 562.342 571.441 579.854 587.914 595.759 603.472 611.172 618.858 701.424
566 493.216 511.289 529.006 539.366 552.948 563.345 572.454 580.906 588.978 596.834 604.559 612.271 619.969 702.674
567 494.161 512.262 529.983 540.376 553.940 564.376 573.495 581.959 590.041 597.909 605.646 613.370 621.080 703.924
568 495.105 513.208 530.960 541.358 554.960 565.407 574.537 583.012 591.105 598.955 606.733 614.469 622.191 705.174
569 496.050 514.181 531.937 542.340 555.981 566.438 575.579 584.064 592.139 600.030 607.820 615.568 623.302 706.424
570 496.994 515.126 532.915 543.322 556.973 567.440 576.620 585.088 593.203 601.105 608.907 616.636 624.414 707.674

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
571 497.911 516.099 533.892 544.332 557.993 568.471 577.633 586.140 594.267 602.180 609.994 617.735 625.525 708.924
572 498.855 517.045 534.869 545.314 558.985 569.502 578.675 587.193 595.331 603.256 611.081 618.834 626.636 710.174
573 499.800 517.990 535.846 546.296 560.006 570.504 579.716 588.246 596.395 604.331 612.168 619.933 627.747 711.424
574 500.745 518.963 536.823 547.306 561.026 571.535 580.758 589.298 597.459 605.406 613.255 621.032 628.827 712.639
575 501.689 519.909 537.828 548.288 562.018 572.566 581.800 590.351 598.522 606.481 614.342 622.131 629.938 713.889
576 502.606 520.882 538.805 549.270 563.039 573.568 582.813 591.374 599.586 607.557 615.399 623.230 631.049 715.139
577 503.550 521.827 539.782 550.281 564.031 574.599 583.854 592.427 600.650 608.632 616.486 624.328 632.160 716.389
578 504.495 522.801 540.759 551.263 565.051 575.630 584.896 593.480 601.684 609.707 617.572 625.427 633.272 717.639
579 505.439 523.746 541.736 552.245 566.043 576.661 585.938 594.532 602.748 610.753 618.659 626.526 634.383 718.889
580 506.384 524.719 542.714 553.255 567.063 577.663 586.979 595.585 603.812 611.828 619.746 627.625 635.494 720.139
581 507.301 525.665 543.691 554.237 568.084 578.694 587.992 596.637 604.876 612.903 620.833 628.724 636.605 721.389
582 508.245 526.638 544.668 555.219 569.076 579.725 589.034 597.690 605.940 613.978 621.920 629.823 637.716 722.639
583 509.190 527.583 545.645 556.229 570.096 580.756 590.075 598.713 607.004 615.054 623.007 630.922 638.827 723.889
584 510.134 528.556 546.622 557.211 571.088 581.758 591.117 599.766 608.067 616.129 624.094 632.021 639.938 725.139
585 511.079 529.502 547.599 558.193 572.109 582.789 592.159 600.819 609.131 617.204 625.181 633.120 641.049 726.389
586 512.023 530.475 548.576 559.203 573.129 583.820 593.171 601.871 610.165 618.280 626.268 634.219 642.160 727.639
587 512.940 531.420 549.553 560.185 574.121 584.822 594.213 602.924 611.229 619.355 627.355 635.317 643.272 728.889
588 513.885 532.394 550.530 561.167 575.142 585.853 595.255 603.977 612.293 620.430 628.442 636.386 644.383 730.139
589 514.829 533.339 551.508 562.177 576.134 586.884 596.296 605.029 613.357 621.505 629.529 637.485 645.494 731.389
590 515.774 534.312 552.485 563.159 577.154 587.915 597.338 606.053 614.421 622.581 630.616 638.584 646.605 732.639
591 516.718 535.257 553.490 564.141 578.146 588.918 598.351 607.105 615.485 623.626 631.673 639.683 647.716 733.889
592 517.663 536.231 554.467 565.152 579.167 589.948 599.392 608.158 616.548 624.701 632.760 640.781 648.827 735.139
593 518.607 537.176 555.444 566.134 580.187 590.979 600.434 609.211 617.612 625.777 633.847 641.880 649.938 736.389
594 519.524 538.149 556.421 567.116 581.179 591.982 601.476 610.263 618.676 626.852 634.934 642.979 651.049 737.639
595 520.469 539.095 557.398 568.126 582.200 593.013 602.517 611.316 619.710 627.927 636.021 644.078 652.160 738.889
596 521.413 540.068 558.375 569.108 583.192 594.044 603.530 612.368 620.774 629.002 637.107 645.177 653.272 740.139
597 522.358 541.013 559.352 570.090 584.212 595.074 604.572 613.392 621.838 630.078 638.194 646.276 654.383 741.389
598 523.302 541.986 560.329 571.100 585.232 596.077 605.613 614.444 622.902 631.153 639.281 647.375 655.463 742.639
599 524.247 542.932 561.307 572.082 586.224 597.108 606.655 615.497 623.966 632.228 640.368 648.474 656.574 743.889
600 525.191 543.905 562.284 573.064 587.245 598.139 607.697 616.550 625.030 633.303 641.455 649.573 657.685 745.139

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
601 526.108 544.850 563.261 574.074 588.237 599.170 608.709 617.602 626.093 634.379 642.542 650.672 658.796 746.389
602 527.053 545.824 564.238 575.056 589.257 600.172 609.751 618.655 627.157 635.454 643.629 651.770 659.907 747.639
603 527.997 546.769 565.243 576.038 590.278 601.203 610.793 619.708 628.221 636.499 644.716 652.869 661.019 748.889
604 528.942 547.742 566.220 577.048 591.270 602.234 611.834 620.731 629.285 637.575 645.803 653.968 662.130 750.139
605 529.886 548.688 567.197 578.030 592.290 603.236 612.876 621.784 630.319 638.650 646.890 655.067 663.241 751.389
606 530.831 549.661 568.174 579.040 593.282 604.267 613.889 622.836 631.383 639.725 647.947 656.166 664.352 752.639
607 531.775 550.606 569.151 580.022 594.303 605.298 614.931 623.889 632.447 640.800 649.034 657.265 665.463 753.889
608 532.692 551.579 570.128 581.004 595.323 606.329 615.972 624.942 633.511 641.876 650.121 658.333 666.574 755.139
609 533.637 552.553 571.106 582.015 596.315 607.331 617.014 625.994 634.574 642.951 651.208 659.432 667.685 756.389
610 534.581 553.498 572.083 582.997 597.336 608.362 618.056 627.047 635.638 644.026 652.295 660.531 668.796 757.639
611 535.526 554.471 573.060 583.979 598.328 609.393 619.068 628.070 636.702 645.102 653.382 661.630 669.907 758.889
612 536.470 555.417 574.037 584.989 599.348 610.424 620.110 629.123 637.766 646.177 654.469 662.729 671.019 760.139
613 537.415 556.390 575.014 585.971 600.368 611.426 621.152 630.175 638.830 647.252 655.556 663.828 672.130 761.389
614 538.359 557.335 576.019 586.953 601.361 612.457 622.193 631.228 639.864 648.327 656.643 664.927 673.241 762.639
615 539.304 558.308 576.996 587.963 602.381 613.488 623.235 632.281 640.928 649.373 657.729 666.026 674.352 763.889
616 540.248 559.254 577.973 588.945 603.373 614.490 624.277 633.333 641.992 650.448 658.816 667.125 675.463 765.139
617 541.165 560.227 578.950 589.927 604.393 615.521 625.289 634.386 643.056 651.523 659.903 668.223 676.574 766.389
618 542.110 561.172 579.927 590.937 605.414 616.552 626.331 635.409 644.119 652.599 660.990 669.322 677.685 767.639
619 543.054 562.145 580.905 591.919 606.406 617.583 627.373 636.462 645.183 653.674 662.077 670.421 678.796 768.889
620 543.999 563.091 581.882 592.929 607.426 618.585 628.414 637.515 646.247 654.749 663.164 671.520 679.907 770.139
621 544.943 564.064 582.859 593.911 608.418 619.616 629.456 638.567 647.311 655.824 664.251 672.619 681.019 771.389
622 545.888 565.037 583.836 594.893 609.439 620.647 630.469 639.620 648.375 656.900 665.308 673.718 682.130 772.639
623 546.832 565.983 584.813 595.903 610.459 621.678 631.510 640.673 649.439 657.975 666.395 674.817 683.210 773.889
624 547.777 566.956 585.818 596.886 611.451 622.680 632.552 641.725 650.473 659.050 667.482 675.916 684.321 775.139
625 548.722 567.901 586.795 597.868 612.472 623.711 633.594 642.749 651.537 660.125 668.569 677.015 685.432 776.389
626 549.666 568.874 587.772 598.878 613.492 624.742 634.635 643.801 652.600 661.201 669.656 678.114 686.543 777.639
627 550.611 569.820 588.749 599.860 614.484 625.773 635.648 644.854 653.664 662.276 670.743 679.212 687.654 778.889
628 551.527 570.793 589.726 600.842 615.505 626.775 636.690 645.906 654.728 663.321 671.830 680.281 688.765 780.139
629 552.472 571.738 590.704 601.852 616.497 627.806 637.731 646.959 655.792 664.397 672.917 681.380 689.877 781.389
630 553.416 572.712 591.681 602.834 617.517 628.837 638.773 648.012 656.856 665.472 674.004 682.479 690.988 782.639

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
631 554.361 573.657 592.658 603.844 618.537 629.868 639.815 649.064 657.920 666.547 675.091 683.578 692.099 783.889
632 555.306 574.630 593.635 604.826 619.529 630.871 640.856 650.088 658.983 667.622 676.178 684.676 693.210 785.139
633 556.250 575.603 594.640 605.808 620.550 631.901 641.869 651.140 660.047 668.698 677.264 685.775 694.321 786.389
634 557.195 576.549 595.617 606.818 621.542 632.932 642.911 652.193 661.082 669.773 678.351 686.874 695.432 787.639
635 558.139 577.522 596.594 607.800 622.562 633.935 643.953 653.246 662.145 670.848 679.438 687.973 696.543 788.889
636 559.084 578.467 597.571 608.782 623.583 634.966 644.994 654.298 663.209 671.924 680.525 689.072 697.654 790.139
637 560.028 579.441 598.548 609.792 624.575 635.997 646.036 655.351 664.273 672.999 681.612 690.171 698.765 791.389
638 560.973 580.386 599.525 610.774 625.595 637.027 647.049 656.404 665.337 674.074 682.669 691.270 699.877 792.639
639 561.917 581.359 600.503 611.785 626.616 638.030 648.090 657.456 666.401 675.149 683.756 692.369 700.988 793.889
640 562.862 582.332 601.480 612.767 627.608 639.061 649.132 658.480 667.465 676.225 684.843 693.468 702.099 795.139
641 563.806 583.278 602.485 613.749 628.628 640.092 650.174 659.532 668.528 677.270 685.930 694.567 703.210 796.389
642 564.723 584.251 603.462 614.759 629.620 641.123 651.215 660.585 669.592 678.345 687.017 695.665 704.321 797.639
643 565.668 585.196 604.439 615.741 630.641 642.125 652.257 661.637 670.656 679.421 688.104 696.764 705.432 798.889
644 566.612 586.170 605.416 616.723 631.661 643.156 653.270 662.690 671.690 680.496 689.191 697.863 706.543 800.139
645 567.557 587.115 606.393 617.733 632.653 644.187 654.311 663.743 672.754 681.571 690.278 698.962 707.654 801.389
646 568.501 588.088 607.370 618.715 633.673 645.218 655.353 664.795 673.818 682.646 691.365 700.061 708.765 802.639
647 569.446 589.061 608.347 619.725 634.694 646.220 656.395 665.848 674.882 683.722 692.452 701.160 709.877 803.889
648 570.390 590.007 609.324 620.707 635.686 647.251 657.436 666.871 675.946 684.797 693.539 702.259 710.988 805.139
649 571.335 590.980 610.329 621.689 636.706 648.282 658.449 667.924 677.009 685.872 694.626 703.358 712.099 806.389
650 572.279 591.925 611.307 622.699 637.698 649.313 659.491 668.977 678.073 686.947 695.713 704.426 713.179 807.639
651 573.224 592.898 612.284 623.681 638.719 650.315 660.532 670.029 679.137 688.023 696.800 705.525 714.290 808.889
652 574.169 593.872 613.261 624.691 639.739 651.346 661.574 671.082 680.201 689.098 697.886 706.624 715.401 810.139
653 575.113 594.817 614.238 625.673 640.731 652.377 662.616 672.135 681.265 690.173 698.973 707.723 716.512 811.389
654 576.058 595.790 615.215 626.655 641.752 653.408 663.657 673.187 682.299 691.219 700.060 708.822 717.623 812.639
655 577.002 596.736 616.192 627.666 642.772 654.410 664.670 674.211 683.363 692.294 701.147 709.921 718.735 813.889
656 577.947 597.709 617.197 628.648 643.764 655.441 665.712 675.263 684.427 693.369 702.204 711.020 719.846 815.139
657 578.891 598.682 618.174 629.630 644.785 656.472 666.753 676.316 685.491 694.444 703.291 712.118 720.957 816.389
658 579.836 599.627 619.151 630.640 645.777 657.503 667.795 677.368 686.554 695.520 704.378 713.217 722.068 817.639
659 580.780 600.601 620.128 631.622 646.797 658.505 668.837 678.421 687.618 696.595 705.465 714.316 723.179 818.889
660 581.725 601.546 621.106 632.632 647.817 659.536 669.850 679.474 688.682 697.670 706.552 715.415 724.290 820.139

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
661 582.669 602.519 622.083 633.614 648.810 660.567 670.891 680.526 689.746 698.746 707.639 716.514 725.401 821.389
662 583.614 603.492 623.060 634.596 649.830 661.598 671.933 681.579 690.810 699.821 708.726 717.613 726.512 822.639
663 584.558 604.438 624.065 635.606 650.850 662.600 672.975 682.602 691.874 700.896 709.813 718.712 727.623 823.889
664 585.503 605.411 625.042 636.588 651.842 663.631 674.016 683.655 692.908 701.971 710.900 719.811 728.735 825.139
665 586.448 606.356 626.019 637.598 652.863 664.662 675.058 684.708 693.972 703.047 711.987 720.910 729.846 826.389
666 587.392 607.330 626.996 638.580 653.883 665.693 676.071 685.760 695.035 704.122 713.074 722.009 730.957 827.639
667 588.337 608.303 627.973 639.562 654.875 666.695 677.112 686.813 696.099 705.197 714.161 723.107 732.068 828.889
668 589.281 609.248 628.950 640.572 655.896 667.726 678.154 687.865 697.163 706.243 715.248 724.206 733.179 830.139
669 590.226 610.221 629.927 641.554 656.888 668.757 679.196 688.918 698.227 707.318 716.335 725.305 734.290 831.389
670 591.170 611.167 630.932 642.565 657.908 669.788 680.237 689.971 699.291 708.393 717.421 726.404 735.401 832.639
671 592.115 612.140 631.910 643.547 658.929 670.790 681.279 690.994 700.355 709.468 718.508 727.503 736.512 833.889
672 593.059 613.113 632.887 644.529 659.921 671.821 682.292 692.047 701.418 710.544 719.595 728.571 737.623 835.139
673 594.004 614.059 633.864 645.539 660.941 672.852 683.333 693.099 702.482 711.619 720.682 729.670 738.735 836.389
674 594.948 615.032 634.841 646.521 661.961 673.883 684.375 694.152 703.546 712.694 721.739 730.769 739.846 837.639
675 595.893 615.977 635.818 647.531 662.954 674.885 685.417 695.205 704.580 713.769 722.826 731.868 740.957 838.889
676 596.837 616.950 636.823 648.513 663.974 675.916 686.458 696.257 705.644 714.845 723.913 732.967 742.068 840.139
677 597.782 617.923 637.800 649.495 664.994 676.947 687.500 697.310 706.708 715.920 725.000 734.066 743.179 841.389
678 598.727 618.869 638.777 650.505 665.986 677.978 688.513 698.363 707.772 716.995 726.087 735.165 744.259 842.639
679 599.671 619.842 639.754 651.487 667.007 679.009 689.554 699.386 708.836 718.070 727.174 736.264 745.370 843.889
680 600.616 620.815 640.731 652.497 667.999 680.011 690.596 700.439 709.900 719.146 728.261 737.363 746.481 845.139
681 601.560 621.761 641.709 653.479 669.019 681.042 691.638 701.491 710.963 720.221 729.348 738.462 747.593 846.389
682 602.505 622.734 642.686 654.461 670.040 682.073 692.679 702.544 712.027 721.266 730.435 739.560 748.704 847.639
683 603.449 623.679 643.691 655.471 671.032 683.104 693.721 703.596 713.091 722.342 731.522 740.659 749.815 848.889
684 604.394 624.652 644.668 656.453 672.052 684.107 694.734 704.649 714.155 723.417 732.609 741.758 750.926 850.139
685 605.338 625.626 645.645 657.464 673.073 685.137 695.775 705.702 715.219 724.492 733.696 742.857 752.037 851.389
686 606.283 626.571 646.622 658.446 674.065 686.168 696.817 706.754 716.253 725.568 734.783 743.956 753.148 852.639
687 607.227 627.544 647.599 659.456 675.085 687.199 697.859 707.778 717.317 726.643 735.870 745.055 754.259 853.889
688 608.172 628.517 648.576 660.438 676.105 688.202 698.900 708.830 718.381 727.718 736.957 746.154 755.370 855.139
689 609.116 629.463 649.581 661.420 677.098 689.233 699.942 709.883 719.444 728.793 738.043 747.253 756.481 856.389
690 610.061 630.436 650.558 662.430 678.118 690.263 700.955 710.936 720.508 729.869 739.130 748.352 757.593 857.639

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
691 611.006 631.409 651.535 663.412 679.138 691.294 701.997 711.988 721.572 730.944 740.217 749.451 758.704 858.889
692 611.950 632.355 652.513 664.422 680.130 692.297 703.038 713.041 722.636 732.019 741.274 750.549 759.815 860.139
693 612.895 633.328 653.490 665.404 681.151 693.328 704.080 714.094 723.700 733.094 742.361 751.648 760.926 861.389
694 613.839 634.273 654.467 666.386 682.143 694.359 705.122 715.146 724.764 734.170 743.448 752.747 762.037 862.639
695 614.784 635.246 655.472 667.396 683.163 695.389 706.163 716.170 725.827 735.245 744.535 753.846 763.148 863.889
696 615.728 636.220 656.449 668.378 684.184 696.392 707.176 717.222 726.891 736.290 745.622 754.915 764.259 865.139
697 616.673 637.165 657.426 669.388 685.176 697.423 708.218 718.275 727.926 737.366 746.709 756.013 765.370 866.389
698 617.617 638.138 658.403 670.370 686.196 698.454 709.259 719.327 728.989 738.441 747.796 757.112 766.481 867.639
699 618.562 639.111 659.380 671.380 687.217 699.485 710.301 720.380 730.053 739.516 748.883 758.211 767.593 868.889
700 619.506 640.057 660.385 672.363 688.209 700.515 711.343 721.433 731.117 740.591 749.970 759.310 768.704 870.139
701 620.451 641.030 661.362 673.345 689.229 701.518 712.384 722.485 732.181 741.667 751.057 760.409 769.815 871.389
702 621.395 642.003 662.339 674.355 690.249 702.549 713.397 723.538 733.245 742.742 752.144 761.508 770.926 872.639
703 622.340 642.949 663.317 675.337 691.241 703.580 714.439 724.591 734.309 743.817 753.231 762.607 772.037 873.889
704 623.285 643.922 664.294 676.347 692.262 704.611 715.480 725.614 735.372 744.892 754.318 763.706 773.148 875.139
705 624.229 644.895 665.271 677.329 693.282 705.613 716.522 726.667 736.436 745.968 755.405 764.805 774.259 876.389
706 625.174 645.840 666.276 678.339 694.274 706.644 717.564 727.719 737.500 747.043 756.492 765.904 775.370 877.639
707 626.118 646.813 667.253 679.321 695.295 707.675 718.605 728.772 738.564 748.118 757.579 767.002 776.481 878.889
708 627.063 647.787 668.230 680.303 696.315 708.706 719.618 729.825 739.598 749.194 758.665 768.101 777.593 880.139
709 628.007 648.732 669.207 681.313 697.307 709.708 720.660 730.877 740.662 750.269 759.752 769.200 778.673 881.389
710 628.952 649.705 670.184 682.295 698.328 710.739 721.701 731.930 741.726 751.344 760.839 770.299 779.784 882.639
711 629.924 650.678 671.189 683.305 699.348 711.770 722.743 732.982 742.790 752.389 761.926 771.398 780.895 883.889
712 630.869 651.624 672.166 684.287 700.340 712.801 723.785 734.006 743.853 753.465 762.983 772.497 782.006 885.139
713 631.813 652.597 673.143 685.297 701.361 713.832 724.826 735.058 744.917 754.540 764.070 773.596 783.117 886.389
714 632.758 653.570 674.121 686.279 702.381 714.834 725.839 736.111 745.981 755.615 765.157 774.695 784.228 887.639
715 633.702 654.516 675.098 687.262 703.373 715.865 726.881 737.164 747.045 756.691 766.244 775.794 785.340 888.889
716 634.647 655.489 676.103 688.272 704.393 716.896 727.922 738.216 748.109 757.766 767.331 776.893 786.451 890.139
717 635.591 656.462 677.080 689.254 705.414 717.927 728.964 739.269 749.173 758.841 768.418 777.991 787.562 891.389
718 636.536 657.407 678.057 690.264 706.406 718.929 730.006 740.322 750.236 759.916 769.505 779.090 788.673 892.639
719 637.480 658.381 679.034 691.246 707.426 719.960 731.047 741.374 751.300 760.992 770.592 780.189 789.784 893.889
720 638.425 659.354 680.011 692.256 708.418 720.991 732.089 742.427 752.335 762.067 771.679 781.288 790.895 895.139

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
721 639.369 660.299 680.988 693.238 709.439 722.022 733.102 743.450 753.398 763.142 772.766 782.357 792.006 896.389
722 640.314 661.272 681.993 694.220 710.459 723.053 734.144 744.503 754.462 764.217 773.853 783.455 793.117 897.639
723 641.259 662.246 682.970 695.230 711.451 724.055 735.185 745.556 755.526 765.293 774.940 784.554 794.228 898.889
724 642.203 663.191 683.948 696.212 712.472 725.086 736.227 746.608 756.590 766.368 776.027 785.653 795.340 900.139
725 643.175 664.164 684.925 697.222 713.492 726.117 737.269 747.661 757.654 767.443 777.114 786.752 796.451 901.389
726 644.120 665.137 685.902 698.204 714.484 727.148 738.310 748.713 758.717 768.519 778.200 787.851 797.562 902.639
727 645.065 666.083 686.907 699.214 715.505 728.150 739.323 749.766 759.781 769.564 779.287 788.950 798.673 903.889
728 646.009 667.056 687.884 700.196 716.525 729.181 740.365 750.819 760.845 770.639 780.374 790.049 799.784 905.139
729 646.954 668.029 688.861 701.178 717.517 730.212 741.406 751.871 761.909 771.714 781.461 791.148 800.895 906.389
730 647.898 668.975 689.838 702.189 718.537 731.243 742.448 752.895 762.973 772.790 782.548 792.247 802.006 907.639
731 648.843 669.948 690.815 703.171 719.558 732.274 743.490 753.947 764.037 773.865 783.635 793.346 803.117 908.889
732 649.787 670.921 691.820 704.181 720.550 733.276 744.531 755.000 765.071 774.940 784.692 794.444 804.228 910.139
733 650.732 671.866 692.797 705.163 721.570 734.307 745.544 756.053 766.135 776.016 785.779 795.543 805.340 911.389
734 651.676 672.840 693.774 706.173 722.591 735.338 746.586 757.105 767.199 777.091 786.866 796.642 806.451 912.639
735 652.621 673.813 694.752 707.155 723.583 736.369 747.627 758.158 768.262 778.166 787.953 797.741 807.562 913.889
736 653.565 674.758 695.757 708.165 724.603 737.371 748.669 759.211 769.326 779.241 789.040 798.840 808.673 915.139
737 654.538 675.731 696.734 709.147 725.624 738.402 749.711 760.263 770.390 780.317 790.127 799.939 809.784 916.389
738 655.482 676.704 697.711 710.129 726.616 739.433 750.752 761.316 771.454 781.392 791.214 801.038 810.895 917.639
739 656.427 677.678 698.688 711.139 727.636 740.464 751.794 762.339 772.518 782.467 792.301 802.137 812.006 918.889
740 657.371 678.623 699.665 712.121 728.656 741.495 752.807 763.392 773.582 783.542 793.388 803.236 813.117 920.139
741 658.316 679.596 700.670 713.131 729.649 742.497 753.848 764.444 774.645 784.618 794.475 804.335 814.228 921.389
742 659.260 680.569 701.647 714.113 730.669 743.528 754.890 765.497 775.709 785.693 795.562 805.433 815.309 922.639
743 660.205 681.515 702.624 715.123 731.689 744.559 755.932 766.550 776.773 786.738 796.649 806.532 816.420 923.889
744 661.149 682.488 703.601 716.105 732.681 745.590 756.973 767.602 777.807 787.814 797.736 807.631 817.531 925.139
745 662.094 683.461 704.578 717.116 733.702 746.592 758.015 768.655 778.871 788.889 798.822 808.730 818.642 926.389
746 663.039 684.407 705.583 718.098 734.722 747.623 759.028 769.708 779.935 789.964 799.909 809.829 819.753 927.639
747 664.011 685.380 706.561 719.108 735.714 748.654 760.069 770.760 780.999 791.039 800.996 810.928 820.864 928.889
748 664.955 686.353 707.538 720.090 736.735 749.685 761.111 771.784 782.063 792.115 802.083 811.996 821.975 930.139
749 665.900 687.326 708.515 721.072 737.755 750.716 762.153 772.836 783.126 793.190 803.170 813.095 823.086 931.389
750 666.844 688.272 709.492 722.082 738.747 751.718 763.194 773.889 784.190 794.265 804.257 814.194 824.198 932.639

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
751 667.789 689.245 710.497 723.064 739.768 752.749 764.236 774.942 785.254 795.341 805.344 815.293 825.309 933.889
752 668.734 690.218 711.474 724.074 740.788 753.780 765.278 775.994 786.318 796.416 806.431 816.392 826.420 935.139
753 669.678 691.163 712.451 725.056 741.808 754.811 766.291 777.047 787.382 797.491 807.488 817.491 827.531 936.389
754 670.623 692.137 713.428 726.066 742.800 755.813 767.332 778.099 788.446 798.566 808.575 818.590 828.642 937.639
755 671.595 693.110 714.433 727.048 743.821 756.844 768.374 779.152 789.509 799.642 809.662 819.689 829.753 938.889
756 672.539 694.055 715.410 728.058 744.841 757.875 769.416 780.205 790.544 800.717 810.749 820.788 830.864 940.104
757 673.484 695.028 716.387 729.040 745.833 758.906 770.457 781.228 791.608 801.792 811.836 821.886 831.975 941.354
758 674.429 696.002 717.365 730.051 746.854 759.937 771.499 782.281 792.671 802.867 812.923 822.985 833.086 942.604
759 675.373 696.975 718.342 731.033 747.874 760.939 772.541 783.333 793.735 803.913 814.010 824.084 834.198 943.854
760 676.318 697.920 719.347 732.015 748.866 761.970 773.553 784.386 794.799 804.988 815.097 825.183 835.309 945.104
761 677.262 698.893 720.324 733.025 749.887 763.001 774.595 785.439 795.863 806.063 816.184 826.282 836.420 946.354
762 678.207 699.867 721.301 734.007 750.907 764.032 775.637 786.491 796.927 807.139 817.271 827.381 837.531 947.604
763 679.179 700.840 722.278 735.017 751.899 765.063 776.678 787.544 797.991 808.214 818.357 828.480 838.642 948.854
764 680.124 701.785 723.283 735.999 752.920 766.065 777.720 788.596 799.054 809.289 819.444 829.579 839.753 950.104
765 681.068 702.758 724.260 737.009 753.940 767.096 778.762 789.649 800.118 810.364 820.531 830.678 840.864 951.354
766 682.013 703.732 725.237 737.991 754.932 768.127 779.774 790.673 801.182 811.440 821.618 831.777 841.975 952.604
767 682.957 704.677 726.214 739.001 755.952 769.158 780.816 791.725 802.246 812.515 822.705 832.875 843.086 953.854
768 683.902 705.650 727.219 739.983 756.973 770.160 781.858 792.778 803.310 813.590 823.792 833.974 844.198 955.104
769 684.846 706.623 728.197 740.993 757.965 771.191 782.899 793.830 804.344 814.665 824.879 835.073 845.309 956.354
770 685.819 707.596 729.174 741.975 758.985 772.222 783.941 794.883 805.408 815.741 825.966 836.172 846.420 957.604
771 686.763 708.542 730.151 742.985 760.006 773.253 784.983 795.936 806.472 816.816 827.053 837.271 847.531 958.854
772 687.708 709.515 731.128 743.967 760.998 774.284 786.024 796.988 807.535 817.891 828.140 838.370 848.642 960.104
773 688.652 710.488 732.133 744.949 762.018 775.286 787.037 798.041 808.599 818.967 829.227 839.469 849.753 961.354
774 689.597 711.434 733.110 745.960 763.039 776.317 788.079 799.094 809.663 820.042 830.314 840.568 850.864 962.604
775 690.541 712.407 734.087 746.942 764.031 777.348 789.120 800.146 810.727 821.117 831.371 841.667 851.975 963.854
776 691.486 713.380 735.064 747.952 765.051 778.379 790.162 801.170 811.791 822.162 832.458 842.735 853.086 965.104
777 692.458 714.353 736.069 748.934 766.071 779.410 791.204 802.222 812.855 823.238 833.545 843.834 854.198 966.354
778 693.403 715.299 737.046 749.944 767.092 780.412 792.245 803.275 813.918 824.313 834.632 844.933 855.278 967.604
779 694.347 716.272 738.023 750.926 768.084 781.443 793.287 804.327 814.982 825.388 835.719 846.032 856.389 968.854
780 695.292 717.245 739.001 751.936 769.104 782.474 794.300 805.380 816.046 826.464 836.806 847.131 857.500 970.104

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
781 696.236 718.218 740.006 752.918 770.125 783.505 795.341 806.433 817.110 827.539 837.893 848.230 858.611 971.354
782 697.181 719.164 740.983 753.928 771.117 784.536 796.383 807.485 818.144 828.614 838.979 849.328 859.722 972.604
783 698.125 720.137 741.960 754.910 772.137 785.538 797.425 808.538 819.208 829.689 840.066 850.427 860.833 973.854
784 699.098 721.110 742.937 755.920 773.158 786.569 798.466 809.591 820.272 830.765 841.153 851.526 861.944 975.104
785 700.042 722.083 743.942 756.902 774.150 787.600 799.508 810.614 821.336 831.840 842.240 852.625 863.056 976.354
786 700.987 723.029 744.919 757.912 775.170 788.631 800.550 811.667 822.400 832.915 843.327 853.724 864.167 977.604
787 701.931 724.002 745.896 758.895 776.190 789.662 801.563 812.719 823.463 833.990 844.414 854.823 865.278 978.854
788 702.876 724.975 746.873 759.877 777.183 790.664 802.604 813.772 824.527 835.066 845.501 855.922 866.389 980.104
789 703.820 725.948 747.878 760.887 778.203 791.695 803.646 814.825 825.591 836.141 846.588 857.021 867.500 981.354
790 704.793 726.894 748.855 761.869 779.223 792.726 804.688 815.877 826.655 837.216 847.675 858.120 868.611 982.604
791 705.737 727.867 749.832 762.879 780.215 793.757 805.729 816.930 827.719 838.292 848.762 859.219 869.722 983.854
792 706.682 728.840 750.810 763.861 781.236 794.788 806.771 817.982 828.783 839.367 849.849 860.317 870.833 985.104
793 707.626 729.813 751.815 764.871 782.256 795.790 807.813 819.035 829.846 840.442 850.936 861.416 871.944 986.354
794 708.571 730.759 752.792 765.853 783.277 796.821 808.825 820.088 830.910 841.487 852.023 862.515 873.056 987.604
795 709.515 731.732 753.769 766.863 784.269 797.852 809.867 821.111 831.944 842.563 853.110 863.614 874.167 988.854
796 710.488 732.705 754.746 767.845 785.289 798.883 810.909 822.164 833.008 843.638 854.197 864.713 875.278 990.104
797 711.432 733.678 755.751 768.855 786.310 799.885 811.950 823.216 834.072 844.713 855.284 865.812 876.389 991.354
798 712.377 734.624 756.728 769.837 787.302 800.916 812.992 824.269 835.136 845.789 856.341 866.911 877.500 992.604
799 713.321 735.597 757.705 770.847 788.322 801.947 814.034 825.322 836.200 846.864 857.428 868.010 878.611 993.854
800 714.266 736.570 758.682 771.829 789.342 802.978 815.075 826.374 837.264 847.939 858.514 869.109 879.722 995.104
801 715.238 737.543 759.687 772.840 790.334 804.009 816.088 827.427 838.327 849.014 859.601 870.208 880.833 996.354
802 716.183 738.488 760.664 773.822 791.355 805.011 817.130 828.480 839.391 850.090 860.688 871.306 881.944 997.604
803 717.127 739.462 761.642 774.832 792.375 806.042 818.171 829.532 840.455 851.165 861.775 872.405 883.056 998.854
804 718.072 740.435 762.619 775.814 793.367 807.073 819.213 830.585 841.519 852.240 862.862 873.504 884.167 1000.104
805 719.016 741.408 763.624 776.824 794.388 808.104 820.255 831.608 842.583 853.315 863.949 874.603 885.278 1001.354
806 719.989 742.353 764.601 777.806 795.408 809.135 821.296 832.661 843.647 854.391 865.036 875.672 886.389 1002.604
807 720.933 743.327 765.578 778.816 796.429 810.137 822.338 833.713 844.710 855.466 866.123 876.770 887.500 1003.854
808 721.878 744.300 766.555 779.798 797.421 811.168 823.351 834.766 845.774 856.541 867.210 877.869 888.611 1005.104
809 722.822 745.273 767.560 780.808 798.441 812.199 824.392 835.819 846.809 857.616 868.297 878.968 889.722 1006.354
810 723.767 746.218 768.537 781.790 799.461 813.230 825.434 836.871 847.872 858.692 869.384 880.067 890.833 1007.604

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
811 724.711 747.192 769.514 782.800 800.454 814.261 826.476 837.924 848.936 859.767 870.471 881.166 891.944 1008.854
812 725.684 748.165 770.491 783.782 801.474 815.263 827.517 838.977 850.000 860.812 871.558 882.265 893.056 1010.104
813 726.628 749.138 771.496 784.792 802.494 816.294 828.559 840.029 851.064 861.888 872.645 883.364 894.167 1011.354
814 727.573 750.111 772.473 785.774 803.486 817.325 829.601 841.082 852.128 862.963 873.732 884.463 895.278 1012.604
815 728.517 751.057 773.451 786.785 804.507 818.356 830.642 842.105 853.191 864.038 874.819 885.562 896.389 1013.854
816 729.462 752.030 774.428 787.767 805.527 819.387 831.655 843.158 854.255 865.114 875.906 886.661 897.469 1015.104
817 730.434 753.003 775.433 788.749 806.519 820.389 832.697 844.211 855.319 866.189 876.993 887.759 898.580 1016.354
818 731.379 753.976 776.410 789.759 807.540 821.420 833.738 845.263 856.383 867.264 878.080 888.858 899.691 1017.604
819 732.323 754.922 777.387 790.741 808.560 822.451 834.780 846.316 857.447 868.339 879.167 889.957 900.802 1018.854
820 733.268 755.895 778.392 791.751 809.580 823.482 835.822 847.368 858.511 869.415 880.254 891.056 901.914 1020.104
821 734.212 756.868 779.369 792.733 810.573 824.513 836.863 848.421 859.574 870.490 881.341 892.155 903.025 1021.354
822 735.185 757.841 780.346 793.743 811.593 825.544 837.905 849.474 860.609 871.565 882.397 893.254 904.136 1022.604
823 736.129 758.787 781.323 794.725 812.613 826.546 838.918 850.526 861.673 872.640 883.484 894.353 905.247 1023.854
824 737.074 759.760 782.328 795.735 813.605 827.577 839.959 851.579 862.736 873.716 884.571 895.452 906.358 1025.104
825 738.018 760.733 783.305 796.717 814.626 828.608 841.001 852.632 863.800 874.791 885.658 896.551 907.469 1026.354
826 738.991 761.706 784.283 797.727 815.646 829.639 842.043 853.655 864.864 875.866 886.745 897.650 908.580 1027.604
827 739.935 762.679 785.260 798.709 816.638 830.670 843.084 854.708 865.928 876.941 887.832 898.748 909.691 1028.854
828 740.880 763.625 786.265 799.719 817.659 831.672 844.126 855.760 866.992 878.017 888.919 899.847 910.802 1030.104
829 741.824 764.598 787.242 800.701 818.679 832.703 845.168 856.813 868.056 879.092 890.006 900.946 911.914 1031.354
830 742.769 765.571 788.219 801.712 819.700 833.734 846.181 857.865 869.119 880.137 891.093 902.045 913.025 1032.604
831 743.741 766.544 789.224 802.694 820.692 834.765 847.222 858.918 870.183 881.213 892.180 903.144 914.136 1033.854
832 744.686 767.518 790.201 803.704 821.712 835.796 848.264 859.971 871.247 882.288 893.267 904.243 915.247 1035.104
833 745.630 768.463 791.178 804.686 822.732 836.798 849.306 861.023 872.311 883.363 894.354 905.342 916.358 1036.354
834 746.575 769.436 792.155 805.696 823.724 837.829 850.347 862.076 873.375 884.438 895.441 906.441 917.469 1037.604
835 747.547 770.409 793.160 806.678 824.745 838.860 851.389 863.129 874.439 885.514 896.528 907.540 918.580 1038.854
836 748.492 771.382 794.137 807.688 825.765 839.891 852.431 864.152 875.502 886.589 897.615 908.639 919.691 1040.104
837 749.436 772.328 795.114 808.670 826.786 840.922 853.472 865.205 876.537 887.664 898.702 909.707 920.802 1041.354
838 750.381 773.301 796.092 809.680 827.778 841.924 854.485 866.257 877.600 888.740 899.789 910.806 921.914 1042.604
839 751.325 774.274 797.097 810.662 828.798 842.955 855.527 867.310 878.664 889.815 900.876 911.905 923.025 1043.854
840 752.297 775.247 798.074 811.672 829.819 843.986 856.568 868.363 879.728 890.890 901.963 913.004 924.136 1045.104

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
841 753.242 776.221 799.051 812.654 830.811 845.017 857.610 869.415 880.792 891.965 903.050 914.103 925.247 1046.354
842 754.187 777.166 800.056 813.664 831.831 846.048 858.652 870.468 881.856 893.041 904.136 915.201 926.358 1047.604
843 755.131 778.139 801.033 814.646 832.851 847.050 859.693 871.520 882.920 894.116 905.223 916.300 927.469 1048.854
844 756.103 779.112 802.010 815.657 833.844 848.081 860.735 872.573 883.983 895.191 906.310 917.399 928.580 1050.104
845 757.048 780.086 802.987 816.639 834.864 849.112 861.777 873.626 885.047 896.266 907.397 918.498 929.691 1051.354
846 757.992 781.059 803.992 817.649 835.884 850.143 862.789 874.678 886.111 897.342 908.484 919.597 930.802 1052.604
847 758.937 782.004 804.969 818.631 836.905 851.174 863.831 875.702 887.175 898.417 909.541 920.696 931.914 1053.854
848 759.909 782.977 805.946 819.641 837.897 852.176 864.873 876.754 888.239 899.492 910.628 921.795 933.025 1055.104
849 760.854 783.951 806.951 820.623 838.917 853.207 865.914 877.807 889.303 900.568 911.715 922.894 934.136 1056.354
850 761.798 784.924 807.929 821.633 839.938 854.238 866.956 878.860 890.366 901.613 912.802 923.993 935.247 1057.604
851 762.743 785.897 808.906 822.615 840.930 855.269 867.998 879.912 891.401 902.688 913.889 925.092 936.358 1058.854
852 763.715 786.842 809.883 823.625 841.950 856.300 869.039 880.965 892.465 903.763 914.976 926.190 937.469 1060.104
853 764.660 787.816 810.888 824.607 842.971 857.331 870.052 882.018 893.528 904.839 916.063 927.289 938.580 1061.354
854 765.604 788.789 811.865 825.617 843.991 858.333 871.094 883.070 894.592 905.914 917.150 928.388 939.691 1062.604
855 766.549 789.762 812.842 826.599 844.983 859.364 872.135 884.123 895.656 906.989 918.237 929.487 940.802 1063.854
856 767.521 790.735 813.847 827.609 846.003 860.395 873.177 885.175 896.720 908.065 919.324 930.586 941.914 1065.104
857 768.466 791.681 814.824 828.591 847.024 861.426 874.219 886.199 897.784 909.140 920.411 931.685 943.025 1066.354
858 769.410 792.654 815.801 829.602 848.016 862.457 875.260 887.251 898.848 910.215 921.498 932.784 944.105 1067.604
859 770.355 793.627 816.778 830.584 849.036 863.459 876.302 888.304 899.911 911.290 922.585 933.883 945.216 1068.854
860 771.327 794.600 817.783 831.594 850.057 864.490 877.344 889.357 900.975 912.366 923.671 934.982 946.327 1070.104
861 772.272 795.573 818.760 832.604 851.077 865.521 878.356 890.409 902.039 913.441 924.758 936.081 947.438 1071.354
862 773.216 796.547 819.738 833.586 852.069 866.552 879.398 891.462 903.103 914.516 925.845 937.179 948.549 1072.604
863 774.161 797.492 820.743 834.596 853.090 867.583 880.440 892.515 904.167 915.591 926.932 938.278 949.660 1073.854
864 775.133 798.465 821.720 835.578 854.110 868.585 881.481 893.567 905.230 916.667 928.019 939.377 950.772 1075.104
865 776.078 799.438 822.697 836.588 855.102 869.616 882.523 894.620 906.294 917.742 929.106 940.476 951.883 1076.354
866 777.022 800.412 823.702 837.570 856.122 870.647 883.565 895.673 907.329 918.817 930.193 941.575 952.994 1077.604
867 777.967 801.385 824.679 838.580 857.143 871.678 884.606 896.725 908.392 919.892 931.280 942.674 954.105 1078.854
868 778.939 802.330 825.656 839.562 858.163 872.709 885.648 897.749 909.456 920.968 932.367 943.773 955.216 1080.104
869 779.884 803.303 826.633 840.572 859.155 873.740 886.661 898.801 910.520 922.043 933.454 944.872 956.327 1081.354
870 780.828 804.276 827.638 841.554 860.176 874.742 887.703 899.854 911.584 923.088 934.541 945.971 957.438 1082.604

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
871 781.773 805.250 828.615 842.565 861.196 875.773 888.744 900.906 912.648 924.164 935.628 947.039 958.549 1083.854
872 782.745 806.223 829.592 843.547 862.188 876.804 889.786 901.959 913.712 925.239 936.715 948.138 959.660 1085.104
873 783.689 807.196 830.597 844.557 863.209 877.835 890.828 903.012 914.775 926.314 937.772 949.237 960.772 1086.354
874 784.634 808.141 831.575 845.539 864.229 878.866 891.869 904.064 915.839 927.389 938.859 950.336 961.883 1087.604
875 785.579 809.115 832.552 846.549 865.249 879.868 892.911 905.117 916.903 928.465 939.946 951.435 962.994 1088.854
876 786.551 810.088 833.529 847.531 866.241 880.899 893.953 906.170 917.967 929.540 941.033 952.534 964.105 1090.104
877 787.495 811.061 834.534 848.541 867.262 881.930 894.965 907.222 919.031 930.615 942.120 953.632 965.216 1091.354
878 788.440 812.034 835.511 849.523 868.282 882.961 896.007 908.275 920.095 931.691 943.207 954.731 966.327 1092.604
879 789.412 812.980 836.488 850.533 869.274 883.992 897.049 909.327 921.158 932.766 944.293 955.830 967.438 1093.854
880 790.357 813.953 837.493 851.515 870.295 885.023 898.090 910.351 922.222 933.841 945.380 956.929 968.549 1095.104
881 791.301 814.926 838.470 852.525 871.315 886.025 899.132 911.404 923.257 934.916 946.467 958.028 969.660 1096.354
882 792.246 815.899 839.447 853.507 872.336 887.056 900.174 912.456 924.320 935.992 947.554 959.127 970.772 1097.604
883 793.218 816.872 840.452 854.517 873.328 888.087 901.215 913.509 925.384 937.067 948.641 960.226 971.883 1098.854
884 794.163 817.846 841.429 855.499 874.348 889.118 902.257 914.561 926.448 938.142 949.728 961.325 972.994 1100.104
885 795.107 818.791 842.406 856.510 875.368 890.149 903.270 915.614 927.512 939.217 950.815 962.424 974.105 1101.354
886 796.080 819.764 843.412 857.492 876.389 891.151 904.311 916.667 928.576 940.293 951.902 963.523 975.216 1102.604
887 797.024 820.737 844.389 858.502 877.381 892.182 905.353 917.719 929.639 941.368 952.989 964.621 976.327 1103.854
888 797.969 821.711 845.366 859.484 878.401 893.213 906.395 918.772 930.703 942.443 954.076 965.720 977.438 1105.104
889 798.913 822.684 846.343 860.494 879.422 894.244 907.436 919.825 931.767 943.519 955.163 966.819 978.549 1106.354
890 799.886 823.657 847.348 861.504 880.414 895.275 908.478 920.877 932.831 944.564 956.250 967.918 979.660 1107.604
891 800.830 824.602 848.325 862.486 881.434 896.306 909.520 921.901 933.895 945.639 957.337 969.017 980.772 1108.854
892 801.775 825.576 849.302 863.496 882.455 897.308 910.561 922.953 934.959 946.714 958.424 970.116 981.883 1110.104
893 802.747 826.549 850.307 864.478 883.475 898.339 911.574 924.006 936.022 947.790 959.511 971.215 982.994 1111.354
894 803.691 827.522 851.284 865.488 884.467 899.370 912.616 925.058 937.086 948.865 960.598 972.314 984.105 1112.604
895 804.636 828.495 852.261 866.470 885.488 900.401 913.657 926.111 938.150 949.940 961.685 973.413 985.216 1113.854
896 805.581 829.468 853.266 867.480 886.508 901.432 914.699 927.164 939.214 951.016 962.772 974.512 986.327 1115.104
897 806.553 830.414 854.243 868.462 887.500 902.434 915.741 928.216 940.248 952.091 963.859 975.611 987.438 1116.354
898 807.497 831.387 855.221 869.473 888.520 903.465 916.782 929.269 941.312 953.166 964.946 976.709 988.549 1117.604
899 808.442 832.360 856.226 870.455 889.541 904.496 917.824 930.322 942.376 954.241 966.033 977.808 989.660 1118.854
900 809.414 833.333 857.203 871.465 890.561 905.527 918.866 931.374 943.440 955.317 967.089 978.907 990.772 1120.104

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
901 810.359 834.307 858.180 872.447 891.553 906.558 919.878 932.427 944.504 956.392 968.176 980.006 991.883 1121.354
902 811.303 835.280 859.185 873.457 892.574 907.589 920.920 933.450 945.567 957.467 969.263 981.105 992.963 1122.604
903 812.276 836.253 860.162 874.439 893.594 908.591 921.962 934.503 946.631 958.542 970.350 982.204 994.074 1123.854
904 813.220 837.198 861.139 875.449 894.615 909.622 923.003 935.556 947.695 959.618 971.437 983.303 995.185 1125.104
905 814.165 838.172 862.116 876.431 895.607 910.653 924.045 936.608 948.759 960.693 972.524 984.402 996.296 1126.354
906 815.109 839.145 863.121 877.441 896.627 911.684 925.087 937.661 949.823 961.768 973.611 985.501 997.407 1127.604
907 816.082 840.118 864.098 878.451 897.647 912.715 926.128 938.713 950.887 962.843 974.698 986.569 998.519 1128.854
908 817.026 841.091 865.075 879.433 898.639 913.746 927.170 939.766 951.950 963.919 975.785 987.668 999.630 1130.104
909 817.971 842.064 866.080 880.443 899.660 914.748 928.183 940.819 953.014 964.994 976.872 988.767 1000.741 1131.354
910 818.943 843.010 867.058 881.425 900.680 915.779 929.225 941.871 954.078 966.069 977.959 989.866 1001.852 1132.604
911 819.888 843.983 868.035 882.435 901.701 916.810 930.266 942.924 955.142 967.145 979.046 990.965 1002.963 1133.854
912 820.832 844.956 869.040 883.418 902.693 917.841 931.308 943.977 956.206 968.190 980.133 992.063 1004.074 1135.104
913 821.804 845.929 870.017 884.428 903.713 918.872 932.350 945.029 957.240 969.265 981.220 993.162 1005.185 1136.354
914 822.749 846.902 870.994 885.410 904.734 919.874 933.391 946.053 958.304 970.341 982.307 994.261 1006.296 1137.604
915 823.693 847.876 871.999 886.420 905.754 920.905 934.433 947.105 959.368 971.416 983.394 995.360 1007.407 1138.854
916 824.666 848.849 872.976 887.402 906.746 921.936 935.475 948.158 960.431 972.491 984.481 996.459 1008.519 1140.104
917 825.610 849.794 873.953 888.412 907.766 922.967 936.516 949.211 961.495 973.566 985.568 997.558 1009.630 1141.354
918 826.555 850.767 874.958 889.394 908.787 923.998 937.529 950.263 962.559 974.642 986.655 998.657 1010.741 1142.604
919 827.527 851.741 875.935 890.404 909.779 925.029 938.571 951.316 963.623 975.717 987.742 999.756 1011.852 1143.854
920 828.472 852.714 876.912 891.386 910.799 926.031 939.612 952.368 964.687 976.792 988.829 1000.855 1012.963 1145.104
921 829.416 853.687 877.917 892.396 911.820 927.062 940.654 953.421 965.751 977.867 989.915 1001.954 1014.074 1146.354
922 830.361 854.660 878.894 893.406 912.840 928.093 941.696 954.474 966.814 978.943 991.002 1003.053 1015.185 1147.604
923 831.333 855.633 879.872 894.388 913.832 929.124 942.737 955.526 967.878 980.018 992.089 1004.151 1016.296 1148.854
924 832.278 856.607 880.877 895.398 914.853 930.155 943.779 956.579 968.942 981.093 993.176 1005.250 1017.407 1150.104
925 833.222 857.552 881.854 896.380 915.873 931.186 944.821 957.632 970.006 982.168 994.263 1006.349 1018.519 1151.354
926 834.195 858.525 882.831 897.391 916.893 932.188 945.833 958.655 971.070 983.244 995.350 1007.448 1019.630 1152.604
927 835.139 859.498 883.836 898.373 917.885 933.219 946.875 959.708 972.134 984.319 996.437 1008.547 1020.741 1153.854
928 836.084 860.472 884.813 899.383 918.906 934.250 947.917 960.760 973.197 985.394 997.524 1009.646 1021.852 1155.104
929 837.056 861.445 885.790 900.365 919.926 935.281 948.958 961.813 974.232 986.470 998.581 1010.745 1022.963 1156.354
930 838.000 862.418 886.795 901.375 920.947 936.312 950.000 962.865 975.296 987.545 999.668 1011.844 1024.074 1157.604

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
931 838.945 863.391 887.772 902.357 921.939 937.342 951.042 963.918 976.359 988.620 1000.755 1012.943 1025.185 1158.854
932 839.917 864.337 888.749 903.367 922.959 938.345 952.083 964.971 977.423 989.695 1001.842 1014.042 1026.296 1160.104
933 840.862 865.310 889.754 904.349 923.980 939.376 953.125 966.023 978.487 990.771 1002.929 1015.140 1027.407 1161.354
934 841.806 866.283 890.731 905.359 924.972 940.407 954.167 967.076 979.551 991.816 1004.016 1016.239 1028.519 1162.604
935 842.779 867.256 891.709 906.369 925.992 941.438 955.179 968.129 980.615 992.891 1005.103 1017.338 1029.630 1163.854
936 843.723 868.229 892.714 907.351 927.012 942.468 956.221 969.181 981.678 993.967 1006.190 1018.437 1030.741 1165.104
937 844.668 869.203 893.691 908.361 928.033 943.499 957.263 970.234 982.742 995.042 1007.277 1019.536 1031.852 1166.354
938 845.640 870.176 894.668 909.343 929.025 944.502 958.304 971.257 983.806 996.117 1008.364 1020.635 1032.963 1167.604
939 846.585 871.149 895.673 910.354 930.045 945.533 959.346 972.310 984.870 997.192 1009.450 1021.734 1034.074 1168.854
940 847.529 872.094 896.650 911.336 931.066 946.564 960.388 973.363 985.934 998.268 1010.537 1022.833 1035.185 1170.104
941 848.502 873.068 897.627 912.346 932.086 947.595 961.429 974.415 986.998 999.343 1011.624 1023.932 1036.296 1171.354
942 849.446 874.041 898.632 913.328 933.078 948.625 962.471 975.468 988.061 1000.418 1012.711 1025.031 1037.407 1172.604
943 850.391 875.014 899.609 914.338 934.099 949.656 963.484 976.520 989.125 1001.493 1013.798 1026.129 1038.519 1173.854
944 851.363 875.987 900.586 915.320 935.119 950.659 964.525 977.573 990.189 1002.569 1014.885 1027.228 1039.630 1175.104
945 852.307 876.960 901.591 916.330 936.139 951.690 965.567 978.626 991.253 1003.644 1015.972 1028.297 1040.741 1176.354
946 853.252 877.933 902.568 917.340 937.132 952.721 966.609 979.678 992.287 1004.719 1017.059 1029.396 1041.852 1177.604
947 854.224 878.907 903.546 918.322 938.152 953.751 967.650 980.731 993.351 1005.795 1018.146 1030.495 1042.963 1178.854
948 855.169 879.852 904.551 919.332 939.172 954.782 968.692 981.784 994.415 1006.870 1019.233 1031.593 1044.074 1180.104
949 856.141 880.825 905.528 920.314 940.193 955.785 969.734 982.836 995.479 1007.945 1020.320 1032.692 1045.185 1181.354
950 857.086 881.798 906.505 921.324 941.185 956.816 970.775 983.889 996.543 1009.020 1021.407 1033.791 1046.296 1182.604
951 858.030 882.772 907.510 922.306 942.205 957.847 971.817 984.912 997.606 1010.096 1022.494 1034.890 1047.377 1183.854
952 859.003 883.745 908.487 923.316 943.226 958.877 972.830 985.965 998.670 1011.171 1023.581 1035.989 1048.488 1185.104
953 859.947 884.718 909.464 924.299 944.246 959.908 973.872 987.018 999.734 1012.246 1024.668 1037.088 1049.599 1186.354
954 860.892 885.691 910.469 925.309 945.238 960.939 974.913 988.070 1000.798 1013.321 1025.755 1038.187 1050.710 1187.604
955 861.864 886.664 911.446 926.319 946.259 961.942 975.955 989.123 1001.862 1014.397 1026.842 1039.286 1051.821 1188.854
956 862.809 887.638 912.423 927.301 947.279 962.973 976.997 990.175 1002.926 1015.472 1027.929 1040.385 1052.932 1190.104
957 863.753 888.583 913.428 928.311 948.271 964.003 978.038 991.228 1003.989 1016.517 1029.016 1041.484 1054.043 1191.354
958 864.725 889.556 914.405 929.293 949.291 965.034 979.080 992.281 1005.053 1017.593 1030.103 1042.582 1055.154 1192.604
959 865.670 890.529 915.382 930.303 950.312 966.065 980.122 993.333 1006.117 1018.668 1031.159 1043.681 1056.265 1193.854
960 866.614 891.503 916.387 931.285 951.332 967.096 981.163 994.386 1007.181 1019.743 1032.246 1044.780 1057.377 1195.104

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
961 867.587 892.476 917.365 932.295 952.324 968.127 982.176 995.439 1008.245 1020.818 1033.333 1045.879 1058.488 1196.354
962 868.531 893.449 918.342 933.277 953.345 969.129 983.218 996.491 1009.309 1021.894 1034.420 1046.978 1059.599 1197.604
963 869.504 894.422 919.347 934.287 954.365 970.160 984.259 997.515 1010.343 1022.969 1035.507 1048.077 1060.710 1198.854
964 870.448 895.395 920.324 935.269 955.385 971.191 985.301 998.567 1011.407 1024.044 1036.594 1049.176 1061.821 1200.104
965 871.393 896.369 921.329 936.279 956.378 972.222 986.343 999.620 1012.470 1025.119 1037.681 1050.275 1062.932 1201.354
966 872.365 897.314 922.306 937.290 957.398 973.253 987.384 1000.673 1013.534 1026.195 1038.768 1051.374 1064.043 1202.604
967 873.310 898.287 923.283 938.272 958.418 974.284 988.426 1001.725 1014.598 1027.270 1039.855 1052.473 1065.154 1203.854
968 874.254 899.260 924.288 939.282 959.439 975.286 989.468 1002.778 1015.662 1028.345 1040.942 1053.571 1066.265 1205.104
969 875.226 900.234 925.265 940.264 960.431 976.317 990.509 1003.830 1016.726 1029.421 1042.029 1054.670 1067.377 1206.354
970 876.171 901.207 926.242 941.274 961.451 977.348 991.522 1004.883 1017.790 1030.496 1043.116 1055.769 1068.488 1207.604
971 877.115 902.180 927.247 942.256 962.472 978.379 992.564 1005.936 1018.853 1031.571 1044.203 1056.868 1069.599 1208.854
972 878.088 903.153 928.224 943.266 963.492 979.410 993.605 1006.988 1019.917 1032.646 1045.290 1057.967 1070.710 1210.104
973 879.032 904.126 929.202 944.276 964.484 980.441 994.647 1008.041 1020.981 1033.722 1046.377 1059.066 1071.821 1211.354
974 880.005 905.100 930.207 945.258 965.505 981.443 995.689 1009.094 1022.045 1034.797 1047.464 1060.165 1072.932 1212.604
975 880.949 906.045 931.184 946.268 966.525 982.474 996.730 1010.146 1023.109 1035.872 1048.551 1061.264 1074.043 1213.854
976 881.894 907.018 932.161 947.250 967.545 983.505 997.772 1011.170 1024.173 1036.947 1049.638 1062.363 1075.154 1215.104
977 882.866 907.991 933.166 948.260 968.537 984.536 998.814 1012.222 1025.236 1038.023 1050.725 1063.462 1076.265 1216.354
978 883.811 908.965 934.143 949.242 969.558 985.567 999.855 1013.275 1026.300 1039.098 1051.812 1064.560 1077.377 1217.604
979 884.755 909.938 935.120 950.253 970.578 986.598 1000.868 1014.327 1027.364 1040.173 1052.899 1065.659 1078.488 1218.854
980 885.727 910.911 936.125 951.235 971.599 987.600 1001.910 1015.380 1028.428 1041.219 1053.986 1066.758 1079.599 1220.104
981 886.672 911.884 937.102 952.245 972.591 988.631 1002.951 1016.433 1029.462 1042.294 1055.072 1067.857 1080.710 1221.354
982 887.644 912.857 938.107 953.255 973.611 989.662 1003.993 1017.485 1030.526 1043.369 1056.159 1068.956 1081.821 1222.604
983 888.589 913.830 939.084 954.237 974.632 990.693 1005.035 1018.538 1031.590 1044.444 1057.246 1070.055 1082.932 1223.854
984 889.533 914.804 940.061 955.247 975.652 991.724 1006.076 1019.591 1032.654 1045.520 1058.333 1071.154 1084.043 1225.104
985 890.506 915.777 941.066 956.229 976.644 992.755 1007.118 1020.643 1033.717 1046.595 1059.420 1072.222 1085.154 1226.354
986 891.450 916.722 942.044 957.239 977.664 993.757 1008.160 1021.696 1034.781 1047.670 1060.507 1073.321 1086.265 1227.604
987 892.395 917.695 943.021 958.221 978.685 994.788 1009.201 1022.749 1035.845 1048.746 1061.594 1074.420 1087.377 1228.854
988 893.367 918.669 944.026 959.231 979.705 995.819 1010.214 1023.801 1036.909 1049.821 1062.681 1075.519 1088.488 1230.104
989 894.312 919.642 945.003 960.213 980.697 996.850 1011.256 1024.825 1037.973 1050.896 1063.768 1076.618 1089.599 1231.354
990 895.284 920.615 945.980 961.223 981.718 997.881 1012.297 1025.877 1039.037 1051.971 1064.855 1077.717 1090.710 1232.604

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
991 896.229 921.588 946.985 962.233 982.738 998.912 1013.339 1026.930 1040.100 1053.047 1065.912 1078.816 1091.821 1233.854
992 897.173 922.561 947.962 963.215 983.759 999.914 1014.381 1027.982 1041.164 1054.122 1066.999 1079.915 1092.932 1235.104
993 898.145 923.535 948.967 964.226 984.751 1000.945 1015.422 1029.035 1042.228 1055.197 1068.086 1081.013 1094.043 1236.354
994 899.090 924.508 949.944 965.208 985.771 1001.976 1016.464 1030.088 1043.292 1056.272 1069.173 1082.112 1095.154 1237.604
995 900.062 925.481 950.921 966.218 986.791 1003.007 1017.506 1031.140 1044.356 1057.348 1070.260 1083.211 1096.265 1238.854
996 901.007 926.454 951.926 967.200 987.812 1004.038 1018.547 1032.193 1045.420 1058.423 1071.347 1084.310 1097.377 1240.104
997 901.951 927.400 952.903 968.210 988.804 1005.069 1019.560 1033.246 1046.483 1059.498 1072.434 1085.409 1098.488 1241.354
998 902.924 928.373 953.881 969.220 989.824 1006.100 1020.602 1034.298 1047.547 1060.573 1073.521 1086.508 1099.599 1242.604
999 903.868 929.346 954.886 970.202 990.845 1007.102 1021.644 1035.351 1048.582 1061.649 1074.607 1087.607 1100.710 1243.854
1000 904.840 930.319 955.863 971.212 991.865 1008.133 1022.685 1036.404 1049.645 1062.724 1075.694 1088.706 1101.821 1245.104
1100 1000.517 1027.500 1054.662 1071.044 1093.226 1110.796 1126.563 1141.462 1155.881 1170.131 1184.300 1198.535 1212.870 1370.069
1200 1096.387 1124.847 1153.573 1170.988 1194.671 1213.517 1230.469 1246.520 1262.145 1277.569 1292.935 1308.364 1323.920 1495.069
1300 1192.480 1222.333 1252.568 1270.988 1296.145 1316.237 1334.404 1351.637 1368.410 1385.006 1401.570 1418.223 1435.000 1620.069
1400 1288.740 1319.931 1351.647 1371.072 1397.647 1419.015 1438.368 1456.754 1474.675 1492.443 1510.205 1528.053 1546.080 1745.069
1500 1385.139 1417.640 1450.810 1471.184 1499.206 1521.821 1542.332 1561.871 1580.969 1599.910 1618.841 1637.912 1657.160 1870.069
1600 1481.676 1515.460 1550.056 1571.352 1600.822 1624.628 1646.325 1667.018 1687.264 1707.378 1727.506 1747.772 1768.241 1995.069
1700 1578.324 1613.363 1649.330 1671.577 1702.438 1727.463 1750.318 1772.164 1793.587 1814.845 1836.141 1857.631 1879.352 2120.069
1800 1675.112 1711.350 1748.688 1771.857 1804.082 1830.326 1854.340 1877.339 1899.882 1922.312 1944.807 1967.491 1990.432 2245.069
1900 1771.983 1809.421 1848.074 1872.138 1905.754 1933.219 1958.362 1982.515 2006.206 2029.809 2053.472 2077.350 2101.512 2370.035
2000 1868.937 1907.546 1947.515 1972.475 2007.426 2036.082 2062.413 2087.690 2112.530 2137.276 2162.138 2187.210 2212.623 2495.035
2100 1965.974 2005.728 2046.985 2072.840 2109.155 2139.003 2166.435 2192.865 2218.853 2244.773 2270.803 2297.070 2323.704 2620.035
2200 2063.095 2103.965 2146.482 2173.204 2210.884 2241.896 2270.486 2298.041 2325.207 2352.270 2379.469 2406.960 2434.815 2745.035
2300 2160.299 2202.258 2246.036 2273.625 2312.613 2344.817 2374.566 2403.246 2431.531 2459.767 2488.134 2516.819 2545.895 2870.035
2400 2257.559 2300.606 2345.617 2374.074 2414.371 2447.738 2478.617 2508.450 2537.855 2567.264 2596.830 2626.709 2657.006 2995.035
2500 2354.902 2399.010 2445.226 2474.523 2516.128 2550.687 2582.697 2613.655 2644.208 2674.761 2705.495 2736.569 2768.086 3120.035
2600 2452.301 2497.442 2544.863 2575.000 2617.914 2653.637 2686.777 2718.860 2750.561 2782.258 2814.161 2846.459 2879.198 3245.035
2700 2549.755 2595.929 2644.528 2675.505 2719.700 2756.586 2790.856 2824.064 2856.885 2889.755 2922.856 2956.319 2990.309 3370.035
2800 2647.265 2694.444 2744.221 2776.010 2821.514 2859.536 2894.936 2929.269 2963.239 2997.252 3031.522 3066.209 3101.389 3495.035
2900 2744.802 2792.987 2843.942 2876.543 2923.328 2962.514 2999.016 3034.474 3069.592 3104.749 3140.217 3176.068 3212.500 3620.035
3000 2842.423 2891.586 2943.663 2977.076 3025.142 3065.493 3103.125 3139.708 3175.946 3212.276 3248.883 3285.958 3323.611 3745.035

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
3100 2940.072 2990.185 3043.412 3077.637 3126.956 3168.471 3207.234 3244.912 3282.299 3319.773 3357.579 3395.849 3434.722 3870.035
3200 3037.748 3088.839 3143.188 3178.227 3228.798 3271.449 3311.314 3350.146 3388.652 3427.270 3466.244 3505.708 3545.802 3995.035
3300 3135.480 3187.521 3242.965 3278.816 3330.641 3374.427 3415.422 3455.351 3495.006 3534.797 3574.940 3615.598 3656.914 4120.035
3400 3233.268 3286.231 3342.797 3379.405 3432.511 3477.405 3519.531 3560.585 3601.359 3642.294 3683.605 3725.488 3768.025 4245.035
3500 3331.083 3384.968 3442.602 3480.022 3534.354 3580.412 3623.640 3665.819 3707.742 3749.821 3792.301 3835.348 3879.136 4370.035
3600 3428.926 3483.734 3542.462 3580.640 3636.224 3683.419 3727.749 3771.053 3814.096 3857.318 3900.966 3945.238 3990.216 4495.035
3700 3526.797 3582.499 3642.295 3681.257 3738.095 3786.426 3831.858 3876.287 3920.449 3964.845 4009.662 4055.128 4101.327 4620.035
3800 3624.696 3681.320 3742.183 3781.902 3839.966 3889.404 3935.966 3981.491 4026.803 4072.342 4118.357 4165.018 4212.438 4745.035
3900 3722.650 3780.141 3842.071 3882.548 3941.837 3992.411 4040.104 4086.725 4133.186 4179.869 4227.023 4274.908 4323.549 4870.035
4000 3820.632 3878.990 3941.960 3983.221 4043.736 4095.447 4144.213 4191.959 4239.539 4287.366 4335.719 4384.768 4434.660 4995.035
4100 3918.642 3977.867 4041.876 4083.866 4145.607 4198.454 4248.351 4297.222 4345.892 4394.892 4444.414 4494.658 4545.772 5120.035
4200 4016.652 4076.743 4141.792 4184.568 4247.506 4301.460 4352.459 4402.456 4452.275 4502.389 4553.110 4604.548 4656.852 5245.035
4300 4114.717 4175.648 4241.709 4285.241 4349.405 4404.496 4456.597 4507.690 4558.629 4609.916 4661.775 4714.438 4767.963 5370.035
4400 4212.810 4274.580 4341.653 4385.915 4451.304 4507.503 4560.706 4612.924 4665.012 4717.443 4770.471 4824.328 4879.074 5495.035
4500 4310.903 4373.540 4441.625 4486.616 4553.231 4610.538 4664.844 4718.158 4771.365 4824.940 4879.167 4934.188 4990.185 5620.035
4600 4409.052 4472.500 4541.569 4587.318 4655.130 4713.545 4768.981 4823.392 4877.748 4932.467 4987.862 5044.078 5101.296 5745.035
4700 4507.201 4571.460 4641.541 4688.047 4757.029 4816.581 4873.090 4928.626 4984.102 5039.994 5096.528 5153.968 5212.407 5870.035
4800 4605.377 4670.476 4741.541 4788.749 4858.957 4919.616 4977.228 5033.889 5090.485 5147.491 5205.223 5263.858 5323.519 5995.035
4900 4703.581 4769.464 4841.513 4889.478 4960.884 5022.652 5081.366 5139.123 5196.838 5255.018 5313.919 5373.748 5434.630 6120.035
5000 4801.814 4868.507 4941.513 4990.208 5062.812 5125.687 5185.503 5244.357 5303.221 5362.545 5422.615 5483.639 5545.710 6245.035
5100 4900.046 4967.523 5041.541 5090.937 5164.739 5228.723 5289.641 5349.620 5409.574 5470.042 5531.310 5593.498 5656.821 6370.035
5200 4998.305 5066.594 5141.541 5191.695 5266.667 5331.758 5393.779 5454.854 5515.957 5577.569 5639.976 5703.388 5767.932 6495.035
5300 5096.593 5165.638 5241.569 5292.424 5368.594 5434.794 5497.917 5560.088 5622.340 5685.096 5748.671 5813.278 5879.043 6620.035
5400 5194.908 5264.737 5341.625 5393.182 5470.522 5537.829 5602.025 5665.351 5728.694 5792.622 5857.367 5923.168 5990.154 6745.035
5500 5293.224 5363.808 5441.653 5493.939 5572.449 5640.865 5706.163 5770.585 5835.077 5900.119 5966.063 6033.059 6101.265 6870.035
5600 5391.567 5462.907 5541.709 5594.697 5674.405 5743.900 5810.330 5875.848 5941.460 6007.646 6074.758 6142.949 6212.377 6995.035
5700 5489.910 5562.034 5641.764 5695.455 5776.332 5846.964 5914.468 5981.082 6047.813 6115.173 6183.454 6252.839 6323.488 7120.000
5800 5588.281 5661.161 5741.820 5796.240 5878.288 5950.000 6018.605 6086.345 6154.196 6222.700 6292.120 6362.729 6434.599 7245.000
5900 5686.680 5760.288 5841.876 5897.026 5980.215 6053.036 6122.743 6191.579 6260.579 6330.227 6400.815 6472.589 6545.710 7370.000
6000 5785.079 5859.443 5941.960 5997.783 6082.171 6156.100 6226.881 6296.842 6366.933 6437.724 6509.511 6582.479 6656.821 7495.000

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
6100 5883.477 5958.597 6042.044 6098.569 6184.127 6259.135 6331.019 6402.076 6473.316 6545.251 6618.207 6692.369 6767.932 7620.000
6200 5981.932 6057.752 6142.127 6199.355 6286.083 6362.199 6435.156 6507.339 6579.699 6652.778 6726.902 6802.259 6879.012 7745.000
6300 6080.358 6156.935 6242.211 6300.140 6388.039 6465.235 6539.323 6612.573 6686.052 6760.305 6835.598 6912.149 6990.123 7870.000
6400 6178.840 6256.117 6342.323 6400.954 6489.994 6568.299 6643.461 6717.836 6792.435 6867.832 6944.293 7022.039 7101.235 7995.000
6500 6277.322 6355.328 6442.406 6501.740 6591.950 6671.334 6747.598 6823.070 6898.818 6975.329 7052.959 7131.929 7212.346 8120.000
6600 6375.804 6454.538 6542.518 6602.525 6693.906 6774.399 6851.736 6928.333 7005.201 7082.855 7161.655 7241.819 7323.457 8245.000
6700 6474.314 6553.748 6642.630 6703.339 6795.862 6877.463 6955.903 7033.567 7111.554 7190.382 7270.350 7351.709 7434.568 8370.000
6800 6572.824 6652.986 6742.769 6804.153 6897.817 6980.498 7060.041 7138.830 7217.937 7297.909 7379.046 7461.600 7545.679 8495.000
6900 6671.334 6752.197 6842.881 6904.966 6999.773 7083.562 7164.178 7244.094 7324.320 7405.436 7487.742 7571.490 7656.790 8620.000
7000 6769.899 6851.463 6943.021 7005.780 7101.757 7186.627 7268.345 7349.327 7430.703 7512.963 7596.437 7681.380 7767.901 8745.000
7100 6868.437 6950.701 7043.132 7106.594 7203.713 7289.691 7372.483 7454.591 7537.057 7620.460 7705.133 7791.239 7879.012 8870.000
7200 6967.002 7049.967 7143.272 7207.407 7305.669 7392.726 7476.620 7559.825 7643.440 7727.987 7813.829 7901.129 7990.123 8995.000
7300 7065.595 7149.233 7243.412 7308.221 7407.653 7495.790 7580.787 7665.088 7749.823 7835.514 7922.524 8011.020 8101.235 9120.000
7400 7164.161 7248.498 7343.579 7409.063 7509.609 7598.855 7684.925 7770.351 7856.206 7943.041 8031.220 8120.910 8212.346 9245.000
7500 7262.782 7347.792 7443.719 7509.877 7611.593 7701.919 7789.063 7875.585 7962.559 8050.568 8139.885 8230.800 8323.457 9370.000
7600 7361.375 7447.058 7543.886 7610.718 7713.577 7804.983 7893.229 7980.848 8068.942 8158.094 8248.581 8340.690 8434.568 9495.000
7700 7459.996 7546.352 7644.026 7711.532 7815.533 7908.047 7997.367 8086.111 8175.325 8265.621 8357.277 8450.580 8545.679 9620.000
7800 7558.645 7645.673 7744.193 7812.374 7917.517 8011.111 8101.534 8191.345 8281.708 8373.118 8465.972 8560.470 8656.790 9745.000
7900 7657.266 7744.967 7844.361 7913.215 8019.501 8114.175 8205.671 8296.608 8388.091 8480.645 8574.668 8670.360 8767.901 9870.000
8000 7755.942 7844.289 7944.528 8014.057 8121.457 8217.239 8309.838 8401.871 8494.444 8588.172 8683.364 8780.250 8878.981 9995.000
8100 7854.591 7943.610 8044.696 8114.899 8223.441 8320.304 8413.976 8507.135 8600.827 8695.699 8792.059 8890.140 8990.093 10120.000
8200 7953.268 8042.960 8144.891 8215.741 8325.425 8423.368 8518.142 8612.368 8707.210 8803.226 8900.755 9000.031 9101.204 10245.000
8300 8051.944 8142.281 8245.059 8316.582 8427.409 8526.432 8622.280 8717.632 8813.593 8910.753 9009.450 9109.921 9212.315 10370.000
8400 8150.621 8241.631 8345.254 8417.424 8529.393 8629.496 8726.447 8822.895 8919.976 9018.280 9118.146 9219.811 9323.426 10495.000
8500 8249.325 8340.980 8445.449 8518.294 8631.378 8732.560 8830.584 8928.129 9026.359 9125.806 9226.842 9329.701 9434.537 10620.000
8600 8348.029 8440.329 8545.617 8619.136 8733.362 8835.624 8934.751 9033.392 9132.713 9233.303 9335.537 9439.591 9545.648 10745.000
8700 8446.761 8539.679 8645.812 8719.978 8835.346 8938.688 9038.889 9138.655 9239.096 9340.830 9444.203 9549.451 9656.759 10870.000
8800 8545.493 8639.056 8746.036 8820.847 8937.330 9041.753 9143.056 9243.918 9345.479 9448.357 9552.899 9659.341 9767.870 10995.000
8900 8644.226 8738.433 8846.231 8921.689 9039.314 9144.817 9247.193 9349.152 9451.862 9555.884 9661.594 9769.231 9878.981 11120.000
9000 8742.958 8837.810 8946.427 9022.559 9141.298 9247.881 9351.360 9454.415 9558.245 9663.411 9770.290 9879.121 9990.093 11245.000

Erlang B Tables
Blocking
Rate 0.01% 0.10% 0.50% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 20%
9100 8841.718 8937.187 9046.622 9123.429 9243.282 9350.974 9455.498 9559.678 9664.628 9770.938 9878.986 9989.011 10101.204 11370.000
9200 8940.477 9036.564 9146.845 9224.299 9345.266 9454.038 9559.664 9664.942 9771.011 9878.465 9987.681 10098.901 10212.315 11495.000
9300 9039.237 9135.969 9247.069 9325.140 9447.251 9557.102 9663.831 9770.175 9877.364 9985.992 10096.377 10208.791 10323.426 11620.000
9400 9137.997 9235.374 9347.264 9426.010 9549.235 9660.166 9767.969 9875.439 9983.747 10093.519 10205.072 10318.681 10434.537 11745.000
9500 9236.785 9334.779 9447.487 9526.880 9651.247 9763.230 9872.135 9980.702 10090.130 10201.045 10313.768 10428.571 10545.648 11870.000
9600 9335.572 9434.184 9547.711 9627.750 9753.231 9866.323 9976.273 10085.965 10196.513 10308.572 10422.464 10538.462 10656.759 11995.000
9700 9434.388 9533.589 9647.934 9728.620 9855.215 9969.387 10080.440 10191.199 10302.896 10416.069 10531.159 10648.352 10767.870 12120.000
9800 9533.176 9633.022 9748.157 9829.517 9957.228 10072.451 10184.606 10296.462 10409.279 10523.596 10639.855 10758.242 10878.981 12245.000
9900 9631.991 9732.427 9848.381 9930.387 10059.212 10175.515 10288.744 10401.725 10515.662 10631.123 10748.551 10868.132 10990.093 12370.000
10000 9730.806 9831.860 9948.632 10031.257 10161.196 10278.608 10392.911 10506.988 10622.015 10738.650 10857.246 10978.022 11101.204 12495.00 0

Erlang B Tables
^ End of document ]

BSS Dimensioning

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BSS and NSS System Dimensioning

"NORTHERN TELECOM AND NORTEL MATRA CELLULAR CONFIDENTIAL:

Nortel Matra Cellular and Northern Telecom 1999

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

Version Date Comments

02.01/EN 1995 Creation

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

No. Title Reference Version/Edition

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PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

Page left blank intentionally

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

GSM TRAINING CURRICULUM 1-2

2. BASICS ON MOBILE NETWORK DIMENSIONING 2-1

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

3. BTS DIMENSIONING 3-1

4. TERRESTRIAL LINKS DIMENSIONING 4-1

5. BSC DIMENSIONING 5-1

6. BSS DIMENSIONING REVIEW EXERCISES 6-1

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

7. CASE STUDY 7-1

8. EXERCISES SOLUTIONS 8-1

ERLANG LAW EXERCISE 8-2

9. ERLANG B TABLES 9-1

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

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PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN August 99

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Introduction 1-1

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN 1-1 August, 99

GSM Training Curriculum

951 GSM DMS Maintenance Part 2 10 days

2 days BSS Installation & Commissioning

Case Studies 1 day SY2 BSS Dimensioning 2 days

PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Introduction 1-2

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN 1-2 August, 99

GSM Training Curriculum

GP2 PCUSN Configuration and Operation 3 days

PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Introduction 1-3

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN 1-3 August, 99

BSS Nortel Technical Publications

The BSS product documentation or BSS Nortel Technical Publication comprises 46

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN 1-4 August, 99

* Recommended Courses CT 7100

PE/TRD/GR/0103 12.01/EN August, 99 Introduction 1-5

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/CN/0103 12.01/EN 1-5 August, 99

Upon completion of SY2 course, ability is acquired to determine or compute:

TCH radio resources number per cell