Hydraulic Acesorries

Kelengkapan Penunjang
Selain diskusi Pompa, Motor/Aktuator dan
Control Valve, perlu kelengkapan/asesoris
sistem hidrolik
These accessories provide a clean and
uninterrupted supply of fluid to a hydraulic
system.
how these accessories contribute not only to
an efficient but also effective hydraulic
system.
 Sistem reservoir/Tangki hidrolik
The reservoir in addition to storing the
hydraulic fluid
other important functions such as dissipating
heat through its walls
conditioning of the fluid by helping settle the
contaminants, aiding in the escape of air and
providing mounting support for the pump and
various other components
 desain/konstruksi HT
Baffle plate for preventing the return fluid
from entering the pump inlet
Inspection cover for maintenance access
Filter breather for air exchange
Protected filler opening
Level indicator for monitoring the fluid level
Connections for suction, discharge and drain
lines.
KOMPONEN HT (NON PRESSURIZED)
KOMPONEN HYD TANK
 FUNGSI BAFFLE/PEMISAH
It permits foreign substances to settle at the bottom
It allows entrained air to escape from the fluid
It prevents localized turbulence in the reservoir
It promotes heat dissipation from the reservoir walls

LEVEL STRAINER TO BOTTOM HYD TANK 1 INCHI

 SIZING HYD TANK CAPACITY
It should have sufficient volume and space to allow the dirt
and metal chips to settle and the air to escape freely.
It should be capable of holding all the fluid that might be
drained from the system.
It should be able to maintain the fluid level high enough to
prevent air escaping into the pump suction line.
The surface area of the reservoir should be large enough to
dissipate the heat generated by the system.
It should have sufficient free board over the fluid surface to
allow thermal expansion of the fluid

For most hydraulic systems, a reservoir having a

capacity of three times the volumetric flow rate
of the pump has been found to be adequate
 PRESSURIZED RESERVOIR
certain hydraulic systems need to have
pressurized reservoirs due to the nature of
their application. For example, the Navy's
aircraft and missile hydraulic systems
essentially need pressurized reservoirs in
order to provide a positive flow of fluid at
higher altitudes where lower temperatures
and pressure conditions are encountered
 FILTER
A filter is a device whose primary function is
to remove insoluble contaminants from the
fluid, by use of a porous medium
The particles sizes removed by the filters are
measured in microns. One micron is one-
millionth of a meter or 0.000039 of an inch
particle sizes as low as 1 micron can have a
damaging effect on hydraulic systems and can
also accelerate oil deterioration
 BETA RATIO
It is a measure of a filter's efficiency. It is defined as the number of
particles upstream
from the filter that are larger than the micron rating of the filter, divided by
the number of
particles downstream from the filter larger than the micron rating of the
filter.
Size filter recomendation
JENIS FILTER & APPLICATION
 STRAINER
A strainer is a device made of wire mesh
screens, which seek to remove large soUd
particles from a fluid. As part of standard
engineering practice, strainers are installed on
pipelines ahead of valves, pumps and
regulators, in order to protect them from the
damaging effects of fluid and other system
contaminants
STRAINER TYPE
 ACCUMULATOR
Accumulators that store energy are often used as
boosters for systems with fixed displacement pumps.
The accumulator stores pressure oil during slack
periods and feeds it back into the system during peak
periods of oil usage
Accumulators that absorb shocks take in excess oil
during peak pressures and let it out again after the
surge is past
This action reduces vibrations and noise in the system.
It also smoothes operation during pressure delays,
such as when a variable displacement pump goes into
stroke
 The major types of accumulators are as
follows: pneumatic (gas-loaded), weight-
loaded, and spring-loaded
DIAPRAGM
spring BLADDER
INSTALLATION IN HC

accumulator can be used as an auxiliary

power source.
 HEAT EXCHANGER/COOLER
Some hydraulic systems require an oil cooler to help
lower and control the operating
temperature of the hydraulic fluid
Type : air cooler and the water cooler

OIL
 SIZING HEAT EXCHANGER
The selection of a suitable heat exchanger
involves determining the total heat equivalent
to wasted energy or the heat load
This can be assessed by analyzing the duty
cycle of the hydraulic machine
The total time period of a cycle must be
broken up into its phases consisting of idling,
approach, work, return, etc. and the wasted
energy calculated for each
 FORMULA

Where is the density of hydraulic oil in kg/m3 and q is the oil flow rate in m3/s

If the difference between T1 and T0 is large, then it justifies the need for
a heat exchanger. If the difference is only marginal, the heat exchanger
may be dispensed with
 Kebutuhan air untuk Cooler

Where
Pw is the wasted energy in kW,
Q is the water flow rate through the heat
exchanger in L/min,
Tois the temperature of the oil
Tw is the water temperature

Standard heat exchangers would have the oil-to-water ratio of either 1:1 or
2:1.This means that for every liter of oil circulated, one or half a liter of
water must be circulated to achieve the desired oil temperature.
 TUBING, PIPE AND HOSE
The three types of lines used in fluid power
systems are tubing (semi rigid), pipe (rigid),
and hose (flexible).
The choice between pipe and tubing depends on
system pressure and flow
Galvanized pipe should NOT be used because the
zinc coating could flake or scale, causing damage
to the valves and pumps.
Tubing used in fluid power systems is commonly
made from steel, copper, aluminum, and, in some
instances, plastic
TUBE SIZE IN HYD CIRCUIT
TUBING & INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION OF TUBING
 FLEXIBLE HOSE
Flexible hose is used in fluid power systems
where there is a need for flexibility, such as
connection to units that move while in
operation or to units attached to a hinged
portion of the equipment
Flexible hose is usually used to connect the
pump to the system. The vibration that is set
up by the operating pump would ultimately
cause rigid tubing to fail
 Flexible hose is provided in four pressure ranges. Low-
pressure hose is used in a low pressure
system and for the exhaust lines of high-pressure systems.
Medium-pressure hose is used in systems with pressures
up to 1,200 psi;
High-pressure hose is used with pressures up to 3,000 psi;
and
Extra high-pressure hose is used in systems with pressures
up to 5,000 psi
Flexible hose must NOT be twisted on installation since this
reduces the life of the hose considerably and may cause
fittings to loosen as well
 PEMILIHAN hose
Considering by STAMPED
Size
Temperatur (90 145 C)
Application Area with minimum Bend
Material based Pressure and oil Media
Pressure in operation based SAE standard
End of coupling application
Delivery, availability time to get hose
SAE FOR FLEX HOSES
HOSE INSTALLATION
 SEALING DEVICES
No hydraulic circuit can operate without the proper
seals to hold the fluid under pressure
in the system. Seals also keep dirt and other foreign
materials out of the system
Static seals are used to seal fixed parts. Static seals are
usually gaskets, but also may be O rings or packings.
Dynamic seals are used to seal moving parts. Dynamic
seals include shaft and rod seals and compression
packings.
A slight leakage in these seals is acceptable for seal
lubrication
 The material used for a particular application
depends on several factors: fluid
compatibility; resistance to heat, pressure,
and wear; hardness; and type of motion
These materials include
polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE), commonly
called TEFLON, synthetic rubber, leather,
metal, and asbestos.
SEAL APPLICATION
JENIS SEAL PACKING ROD SILINDER
O RING
 O-ring has always been the most satisfactory choice of
seals in static applications when the fluids,
temperatures, pressure, and geometry permit
U-cups are used primarily for pressures below 1,500
psi, but, they can be used for higher pressures with the
use of backup rings. When more than one U-cup is
installed, they are installed back to back or heel to
heel. This back to- back installation is necessary to
prevent a pressure trap (hydraulic lock) between two
packings
 HYDRAULIC FLUID
The working fluid is the single most important
component of any hydraulic system
It serves as a lubricant, heat transfer medium,
sealant agent
As means of energy transfer
 4 COMMON BASED TYPE
Petroleum-based fluids which are the most
common of all fluid types and widely used in
applications where fire resistance is not required .
Water glycol fluids used in applications which
require fire resistance fluids. (HFC)
Synthetic fluids used in applications where fire
resistance and non conductivity is required (HFD).
Environment-friendly fluids that end up causing
minimal effect on the environment in the event
of a spill (HFA, HFB)
 Fluid Properties
1. Ideal viscosity
2. Good lubricity
3. Low volatility
4. Non-toxicity
5. Low density
6. Environmental and chemical stability
7. High degree of incompressibility
8. Fire resistance
9. Good heat-transfer capability
10. Foam resistance and most importantly
11. Easy availabihty and cost-effectiveness
Densitas type oil hyd
Mineral oil based iso 32
 Viscocity vs Temperature
Tekanan : atm, 350 bar, 700 bar

Mineral oil
 Procedure Test
Oil sample 3,5 galoon
Dengan PRV set uap until 1000 psi
Deteremini specific of time and temperature
test ( check periodic : color, viscocity and
Neutralazion Number)
Results removed oil and analysis part involved
in oil
Oil hyd test by vane Pump
POMPA HIDROLIK

Pertemuan 4
 Goals of this Lecture

Basics of hydraulic pump

Principle of Positive displacement pumping
Key parameters

Principles of typical hydraulic pumps

Gear pumps
Vane pumps
Piston pumps
 Fungsi Pompa
A pump, which is the heart of a hydraulic
system, converts mechanical energy, which is
primarily rotational power from an electric
motor or engine, into hydraulic energy.
The sole purpose of a pump in a hydraulic
system is to provide flow

Mechanical Energy - HP : Rpm x Torsi

Hydraulic Power ------ HP : Pressure x Flow
 Key Hydraulic Pump Parameters

Rated discharge pressure

the maximum continuous operating pressure of a pump under
normal operating condition
maximum discharge pressure
minimum discharge pressure (or margin pressure)
maximum inlet pressure
Rated speed
the speed at which the pump can continuously operate to discharge
flow at the rated pressure
maximum speed
minimum speed
 PUMP ACTION

The quantity of fluid displaced by the piston is forcibly

ejected from the cylinder. The volume of the fluid
displaced by the piston during the discharge stroke is
called the displacement volume of the pump.
Single Acting Piston Pump

V = 3.14/4. d2 . L. n m3/menit

RECIPROCATING PUMP
 TYPE POMPA

NON POS DISPL

 Jenis/type Pompa
Non-positive displacement pumps/ Dynamic Pump
In these pumps the pressure produced, is proportional to the
rotor speed. In other words, the fluid is displaced and
transferred using the inertia of the fluid in motion. These
pumps are incapable of withstanding high pressures and are
generally used for low-pressure and high-volume flow
applications.bNormally their maximum pressure capacity is
limited to 20-30 bar.
Example : Centrifugal Pump
 Centrifugal Pumps
Karakteristik with NPSH-r
 FEATURE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP-1

These pumps discharge a fixed quantity of oil per

revolution of the pump shaft.
They produce flow proportional to their
displacement and rotor speed.
The pump output flow is constant and not
dependent on system pressure
These pumps are capable of overcoming the
pressure that results from the mechanical loads
on the system as well as the resistance to flow
due to friction
 CONTINUED -2
If the discharge port is partially blocked, then the
pressure will rise due to the resistance to flow
In a scenario where the discharge port of the pump
is completely blocked, theoretically an infinite
resistance to flow is possible. This will result in a
rapid rise in pressure which will result in breakage
of the weakest component in the circuit
This is exactly the reason why positive displacement
pumps are provided with safety controls, which
help prevent the rise in pressure beyond a certain
value.
POSITIVE DISPL PUMP KARAKTERISTIK
PENGARUH RPM VS FLOW
 Keuntungan Posv Displ Pump
Capability to generate high pressures
High volumetric efficiency
Small and compact with high power to weight
ratio
Relatively smaller changes in efficiency
throughout the pressure range
Wider operating range i.e. the capability to
operate over a wide pressure and speed
range.
 JENIS DISPLACEMENT Pumps
Fixed Displacement
Gears
Vane
Lobed
Advantages: cheap and simple!
No control over amount of flow output for given rotational
speed
Variable Displacement
Piston-type
Advantages include ability to adjust flow output by varying
swash plate angle
Expensive and mechanically complex
 GEAR PUMP
Gear pumps as the name suggests make use of
the principle of two gears in mesh in order
to generate pumping action.
They are compact, relatively inexpensive and
have few moving parts
Jenis Pompa Roda Gigi :
External gear pumps
Internal gear pumps
Lobe pumps and
 EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
An external gear pump consists of two gears usually equal in
size, which mesh externally and are housed in a pump case.
Each gear is mounted on a shaft, which is supported by
needle bearings in the case covers. One of these shafts is
coupled to a prime mover and is called the drive shaft
 Theoritical Flow rate
the volumetric displacement can be calculated
from the equation

Q,=Vd xN
GEAR PUMP CAPACITY

W : lebar gigi (in)

Da : Diameter luar
Dr : Diameter dalam
XN (gpm)
 INTERNAL LEAKAGE OF OIL
Oil from the high-pressure side usually tends to
leak into the low-pressure side through any
existing clearance.
In a gear pump there is a running clearance
between the gears and the case, which provides a
path for leakage of oil.
This results in a small amount of oil being
continuously transferred to the low-pressure
suction side from the high-pressure discharge
side, in the form of internal leakage (Pump
Slippage)
 VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
As a result of this leakage it is quite obvious that the actual flow
rate of the gear pump will be less than the theoretical flow rate.
The ratio of the actual flow rate and the theoretical flow rate is
called the 'volumetric efficiency' of the pump
The higher the pump discharge pressure (resulting from a heavy
load or resistance to flow in the hydraulic system) greater will be
the internal leakage along with a correspondingly lower volumetric
efficiency
Standard gear pumps are used at operating pressures and
capacities up to 80 kg/cm2 (1138 psi) and 700 liter/min (185 gpm)
respectively, with peak pressure conditions varying between 120
kg/cm2 (1707 psi) and l50kg/cm2 (2133psi).
Flow vs Pressure at Konstan RPM

The actual flow rate Qa of the pump will be lower

than the theoretical flow rate Qt. as a result of
internal leakage in the pump
 INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
The design consists of an internal gear, a regular spur gear, a
crescent-shaped seal and an external housing
Similar to the external gear pump, internal gear pumps also
have an in-built safety relief valve
 LOBE PUMP
This pump operates in a fashion quite similar
to that of an external gear pump, but unlike
external gear pumps, the gears in these
pumps are replaced with lobes which usually
consist of three teeth
 Vane Pumps
Vane Pumps.
A slotted rotor splined to a drive shaft rotates
between closely fitted side plates inside of an
elliptical- or circular-shaped ring.
Polished, hardened vanes slide in and out of the
rotor slots and follow the ring contour by
centrifugal force.
Pumping chambers are formed between
succeeding vanes, carrying oil from the inlet to
the outlet.
A partial vacuum is created at the inlet as the
space between vanes increases.
The oil is squeezed out at the outlet as the
pumping chamber's size decreases.
A vane pump is the only design that has
automatic wear compensation built in.

As wear occurs, the vanes simply slide farther out of the rotor slots and continue to follow a
ring's contour keeping efficiency high throughout the life of the pump.
 Vane Pumps

Construction with a round Popular with fixed

cam ring displacement pumps
Low cost Prevents side-loading
Limited pressure capability Limited pressure range
Unbalanced hydraulic loading
(side-loading) Relatively more expensive
KOMPONEN
 Variable Displacement Vane Pump
In variable displacement the discharge of pump can be changed
by varying the eccentricity between rotor and pump cam-ring.
As eccentricity increases pump discharge increases.
With decrease in eccentricity discharge decreases and oil flow
completely stop when rotor becomes concentric to pump cam ring.
 OUTLET

MOVEABLE ECCENTRICITY
VARIABLE FLOW

VARIABLE MOVEMENT

INLET
 Piston pumps

Axial Piston Pump Radial Piston Pump

Bent Axis Swash Plate

Pump Pump
 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT
Piston Pumps

RADIAL AKSIAL
Pistons arranged radially in a cylinder Pistons parallel to axis of the cylinder
block
block (AXIAL)
High efficient
High efficient
medium-high pressure range
Rotating cylinder block (centrifugal medium-high pressure range
force) Compacted size
 Axial piston Pump

The pistons stroke in the same direction on a cylinder Axial Piston Pump
block's centerline (axially).
Can be an in-line or angle design.
Range from low to very high pressure capacity. Pressures
can be high as 5,000 psi.
Drive speeds are medium to high.
Efficiency is high.
Have excellent durability.
Pulsations in delivery are small and of medium
frequency.
Quiet in operation but may have a growl or whine,
depending on condition.
Except for in-line pumps, which are compact in size,
piston pumps are heavy and bulky.
 Operation

Axial Piston Pump : Wobble plate in line pump

This is a variation of an in-line

piston pump. In this design, a
cylinder barrel does not turn; a
plate wobbles as it turns, and
the wobbling pushes the pistons
in and out of the pumping
chambers in a stationary cylinder
barrel. In a wobble-plate pump,
separate inlet and outlet check
valves are required for each
piston, since the pistons do not
move past a port.
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - MAX FLOW

Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

 Axial Piston Pump
Neutral Position Pressure Oil
Vertical Swashplate Each Piston

Piston

Engine Shaft Pumps

Piston

Piston

Swash Plate Rotating Group

Typically 9 Pistons
 Axial Piston Pump
Forward Position
Angled Swashplate

Charge Oil

Pressure

Rotating Group
38
Typically 9 Pistons
 Axial Piston Pump
Reverse Position
Angled Swashplate

Pressure

Charge

Rotating Group
39
Typically 9 Pistons
- The cylinder is driven by an shaft which is arranged at an angle to the

cylinder axis.

- The shaft includes a flange with a mechanical connection to each piston. -

- The greater the angle of the cylinders to the shaft axes the longer the

pistons stroke and the less the rotation speed per unit fluid flow rate.
BENT AXIS PUMP
 Radial piston pump
This kind of pump consists of piston mounted radically in a

housing and spring loaded which permit the piston to goes out to

be filled with oil.

Another type the pistons remains in contact with the reaction ring

due to the centrifugal force, as the piston rotate the piston comes

out to make a suction and by returning around the ring it goes

back to the cylinder to make the pressure. Certain models are

operate at 1000 bar and flow rate 1000 liter/min

The outer ring for bracing of the pumping pistons is in eccentric position
to the hollow shaft in the center. This eccentricity determines the stroke of
the pumping piston.
The piston starts in the inner dead center (IDC) with suction process. After
a rotation angle of 180 it is finished and the workspace of the piston is
filled with the to moved medium. The piston is now in the outer dead
center (ODC). From this point on the piston displaces the previously
sucked medium in the pressure channel of the pump.
OUTLET INLET
 Different Types of Pumps

Type of Pressure Speed Rating Overall HP per Flow in

Pump Rating (bar) (rpm) Efficiency Ib Ratio Ipm
(%)
External gear 130-200 1200-2500 80-90 2 5-550
pump

Internal gear 35-135 1200-2500 70-85 2 5-750

pump

Vane pump 70-135 1200-1800 80-95 2 5-300

Axial piston 135-800 1200-1800 90-98 4 5-750

pump

Radial piston 200-800 1200-3000 85-95 3 5-750

pump
Kenapa Perlu Variable-Displacement Pump

M
1,000 psi
P R

T H

Fixed displacement pumps discharge a set volume of fluid

regardless of the system requirement.
An amount of excess will generate heat to the system.
SIRKUIT HIDROLIK
DESAIN & ANALISIS
 HYD CIRCUIT ANALYSIS & DESAIN
Sirkuit hidrolik biasanya terdiri dari : Pompa,
actuator, Motor, valve, konduktor serta tangki
dan control valve
Hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam penyusunan
aplikasi hidrolik :
Keselamatan orang dan mesin bila terjadi
kegagalan sistem
Kinerja sistem selama operasi dengan minimal
loss
Biaya satuan per komponen penyusun sistem
hidrolik (investasi)
 APLIKASI DESAIN
Memanfaatkan komponen hidrolik , berbagai
arsitektur DCV dan control valve untuk
maksud tujuan keselamatan, kinerja dan
investasi sistem hidrolik
The four most common types of three-
position valves

A three-position directional control valve incorporates a neutral

or center position which designates the circuit as open or closed
Control of Double Act Cylinder
 CONTROL DOUBLE ACT CYLINDER
Dengan DCV pada posisi center tandem, silinder
hidrolik terkunci,pompa kembali mensirkulasi
flow ke tanki
Saat DCV digerakkan ke kotak kiri maka silinder
akan menngerakkan beban dengan oil mengalir
dari port P ke A dan ujung silinder yang lain oil
akan mengalir bebas ke tangki melalui DCV dari
port B ke Y
Saat DCV de activated lagi maka silinder kembali
ke posisi hydraulic locked
 Bila DCV digerakkan ke kotak sebelah kanan maka
silinder akan ketarik kembali (retract) dari port P
ke port B dan dari sisi ujung lainnya oil mengalir
kembali dari port A ke tanki
Pada akhir langkah retract tidak ada lagi
kebutuhan flow/pressure sehingga flow oil
kembali ke tanki sesuai setting pressure Relief
Valve
Dengan cara ini silinder terlindungi dari overload
REGENERATIVE CIRCUIT
 REGENERATIVE CIRCUIT
Mempercepat ekspansi dobel acting silinder
Dua pipa penghubung dari silinder terpasang
paralel dan salah satu port DCV di blocked
Operasional saat retract sama dengan sirkuit
sebelumnya (control double act cyl)
Saat DCV pada posisi kotak kiri kecepatan dari
silinder ekspansi lebih cepat dari sirkuit
sebelumnya karena Flow total Qt = Qp + Qr
DRILL MACHINE APPLICATION FOR
REGENERATIVE CIRCUIT
 Posisi kotak DCV di tengah (spring centered
position) mempercepat silinder extend
(ada regenerasi flow)
DCV pada posisi kotak kiri ektend dg low
speed karena mesin drill start to cut the work
piece
DCV pada posisi kotak kanan proses retract
silinder seperti sirkuit control double act
cylinder
PUMP UNLOADING CIRCUIT
 Unloading valve membuka saat silinder
expand mendekati langkah akhir karena
instalasi cek valve menjaga tekanan tinggi oil
dalam pilot line ke unloading valve
Pada saat DCV posisi pada silinder retract ,
maka gerakan piston akan mengurangi
tekanan pada pilot line ke unload valve
Sehingga me-reset un load valve sampai
silinder retract pada posisi sempurna
PUNCHING PRESS HYD APPLICATION

Unload valve
 Mengurangi biaya invest untuk high pressure
dan high flow pump diganti dengan High
Pressure, low Flow dan Low Pressure pump,
high flow double punp application
Punching press silinder harus expand dengan
cepat pada low pressure dengan high volume
pump
Sementara pada operasi normal butuh high
pressure untuk menekan beban
COUNTER BALANCE VALVE APPL
 Pemakaian couter balance atau back pressure
valve untuk mempertahankan posisi silinder
vertikal keposisi upward pada saat pompa
berjalan idling ( no load)
HYD CIL SEQUENCING CIRCUIT
 Sequence valve membuat sirkuit hidrolik bekerja
secara berurutan (sequencing)
Saat DCV pada posisi kotak kiri maka silinder
hidrolik kiri akan extend sempurna kemudian
diikuti oleh silinder sebelah kanan
Saat DCV digeser ke kotak kanan, maka silinder
sebelah kanan akan retract sempurna kemudian
diikuti oleh silinder sebelah kiri
Pada DCV posisi di kotak tengah maka spring
centered akan mengunci sistem silinde rhidrolik
pada posisinya
SPEED CONTROL OF MOTOR HYD
 Pada posisi spring center atau tandem posisi motor
terkunci secara hidrolik
Saat DCV diaktifkan pada posisi kotak kiri, motor akan
berputar satu arah
Kecepatan motor dapat diatur dengan men throttle
flow control valve, kecepatan motor akan bervariasi
saat ada oil yang mengalir melalui PRV
Bila DCV di non aktipkan maka motor berhenti tiba tiba
dan terkunci
Dan sebaliknya bila DCV di poisisi kotak kanan motor
akan berputar berkebalikan pada posisi pertama
BRAKING SYSTEM HYD MOTOR
 Motor hidrolik menngerakkan beban berat
dengan momen inersia tinggi
Dapat menyebabkan flywhell effect dalam
motor, bila menghentikan flow secara tiba tiba
akan mengakibatkan motor berperan sebagai
pompa
Maka harus diatur discharge fluid dari motor
harus dikembalikan ke tank tanpa hambatan
dan atau lewat PRV
HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
CLOSED CIRCUIT
 Transmisi hidrostatik biasane reversible (bolak
balik) closed circuit dengan pompa variable
displacement
Internal leakage losses digantikan oleh pompa
replenihment untuk mempertahankan
tekanan positip pada sisi tekanan rendah
sistem
Pemasangan 2 cke valve dan 2 PRV untuk
mengatur dua arah aliran dan putaran
APLIKASI EXCAVATOR
APLIKASI HYD DI EXCAVATOR
Hydraulic system for bulldozer
Assembly & Operation
Gear Pump:
Bulldozer Transmission & Steering Pumps are high
pressure gear pumps. Their construction is simple and
very efficient.

Transmission Valve:
SD22, SD32 have the same transmission valve unit. It is
consists of Relief Valve, Return Valve, Pressure Reduction
Valve, Speed Control Valve, Safety Valve and Direction
Valve.

Relief Valve & Return Valve are for transmission oil

pressure, Speed Control Valve is for shift change,
Direction Valve is for Forward and Reverse, Pressure
Reduction Valve is for First Shift, Safety Valve is for
protection of starting machine.
Transmission & Steering Hydraulic System

Model SD16, Hydraulic System:

Transmission and Steering control systems
draw oil from Transmission case and Steering
clutch Case. Oil flows to torque converter after
transmission, then to transmission pan again
through oil cooler. However steering clutch oil
flows back to steering clutch case.
So, the transmission and steering are two
different systems.
Steering Valve

Steering & brake hydraulic system includes relief

valve, steering control valve, brake booster valve.
they have a bypass/relief valve, to avoid abnormal
oil pressure if the filter is clogged.
Work equipment control system
Landing Gear Aircraft
BRAKE BOOST POWER
TUGAS

- LENGKAPILAH SIRKUIT HIDROLIK

DENGAN SIMBOL YANG TEPAT
- JELASKAN OPERASIONALNYA
CLAMP AND DRILL CIRCUIT
Hi Lo Double Pump Circuit
Counter balance circuit for Load