Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Udayana Universitas, Fakultas Teknik

Master Program Renewable Energy

Prof. Dr. Uwe Rehling 1 of 42

08.10..2008 UNUD
 Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Stand-alone
PV Modul,
efficiency System
12-15%
1 m2 ~ 100
W electric
Worlds biggest PV roof installation 5
MW (Germany)

Video
PV

PV Generator for
self supply and PV-Solarfarm 12 MW
grid connection (Germany)
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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Germanium doted with Antimony Sb,

which posses the 5 Valence electrons

Germanium doted with Indium IN,

which posses the 3 Valence electrons

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

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 Solar
Photovoltaic
(PV)

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules

Solar Module

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules
Efficiency Efficiency
Comments
(laboratory) (production)
Silicon
Mono-crystalline 23.3 17.5
Poly-crystalline 17.8 14.2
Amorphous 11.5 13.7 58 Degradation
Other materials
Ecologically problematic
GaAS (Gallium-Arsenid) Max. 25.7 17 18.2
materials
Ecologically problematic
CdZnS/CulnSe2 (CIS) 17 11
materials
Tamdem Cells
a-Si-CIS 15.6 8.2
Si/GaAS 31
GaAS/GaSb 35.8
Photo-chemical cells TiO2 10.4

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules
Solar-Power:
irradiance : the solar radiation incident on a surface per unit
time. Expressed in watts or kW per square metre W/m
global radiation : term which refers to the combined diffuse
and direct solar radiation arriving on a surface, measured in
W/m
Solar-Energy:
insolation : incident solar radiation. A measure of the solar
energy incident on a given area over a specified period of
time. Usually expressed in kilowatt-hours per square metre
per day or indicated in peak sun hours

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Modules
Relation between power output and temperature
The output power given in the curve is valid for a cell in a temperature of 25C.
This value speeds up in cold regions. By changing temperature, the followings
changes are expected :
Change in voltage is around 0.4%/K
Change in short-circuit current around + 0.06%/K
Change in power around 0.5%/K
Example:
Output power = 50 W at standard temperature of 25 C
What will be the power output at 75 C ?
Difference in temperature from standard = 75 C - 25 C = 50 C
Change in power output = - 0.5% / K = -0.5/100 / K * 50 W * 50 C = - 12.5 W
Power output at 75 C = 50 W 12.5 W = 37.5 W

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Batteries

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Inverter

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Cables

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Cables

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Solar Photovoltaic (PV):
Systems
1.) Installation with
direct connection
of consumers

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Systems

2.) Solar Lantern

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Systems

3.) Solar Home System

Generator CCU Battery Inverter Load/grid

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Systems
4.) Centralized System
a.) no grid available b.) grid available

Generator CCU Battery Inverter Houses

Generator Inverter Grid

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Demand & Supply

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 Solar
Photovoltaic
(PV):
Designing

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Example: SHS

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Supply

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Storage

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Supply: example of module data

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Supply:
reference
month

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Supply

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Supply

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Storage

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Storage

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing
Storage

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 Solar Photovoltaic (PV): Designing

Also cables should be of right size,

Then finally see the total cost..

END

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