Using a Multiplication Table:

The numbers along the left side and the top are factors. The numbers inside are products.

The number in the square where the row and column meet is the product.

Example: 9 x 7 = 63
The Commutative Property of Multiplication states that changing the order of the factors does not change the
product.

Example: 7 x 9 = 63

The products of two factors that are the same form a pattern. The table below shows the product of 6 and 6.

Example: 6 x 6 = 36

Note that a square is formed. The product of any number multiplied by itself is called a square number. Since
6 x 6 = 36, 36 is a square number.
The multiplication table below shows all the square numbers to 100. The squares form a diagonal across the
multiplication table. The products on one side of the diagonal mirror the products on the other side.

The products in the row and column for some factors are double the products in the row and column for other
factors.

For example, since 8 is the double of 4, the products in the row for 8 are double the products in the row for 4.
The products in the rows and columns for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 alternate between even and odd numbers.

The sum of the digits in each product for the multiples of 9 is 9.

Parentheses are grouping symbols that tell which operations to perform first. The factors 1 and 3 are grouped
together in the multiplication sentence below.

(1 x 3) x 5 = 15
3 x 5 = 15

This time, the factors 3 and 5 are grouped together.

1 x (3 x 5) = 15
1 x 15 = 15

Changing the grouping of factors does not change the product. This is called the Associative Property of
Multiplication
DIVISION TABLE