LAB 2 - ( TITRATION )

INTRODUCTION

Acid base titration is an experimental procedure used to determined the volume of

titrant needed to neutralizes the solution of analyte. Acid and base titration used Arrhenius

theory. Acid produce hydrogen ions and base produce hydroxide ions in a solution. A

standard solution of titrant ( NaOH ) in a burette is applied to react with an analyte (

CH3COOH ). For acid base titration, a pH indicator is added in the analyte solution to

indicate the equivalence point of the titration. pH also can be monitored using a pH meter

instead of adding pH indicators. In this experiment, the equivalence point can be obtained by

plotting a graph pH vs volume of titrant. In this experiment, the equivalence point occurs at

the point when the pH is rise rapidly. The equivalence point will be used to obtain the moles

of titrant, and the acid dissociation constant, Ka.

OBJECTIVES

To determined the concentration of analyte ( acetic acid & phosphoric acid )

To determined the value of acid dissociation constant, Ka

METHODOLOGY

(PART A)

1. First, we calibrate the pH meter using buffer of pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10

2. Next, we filled the burette with 0.1M NaOH and 25 mL of 0.1M CH3COOH into 250

mL beaker.

3. Then, we added 3 drops of phenolphthalein as an indicator.

4. The titration process begin by adding NaOH titrant in 2 mL increments.

5. Every 2 mL of titrant added, we measured the pH of the analyte using pH meter.

6. This process are carried until we got the equivalence point.

7. Lastly, we transfered the pH/volume data to an Excel file to get the value of pKa and

Ka from the graph.

(PART B)

The steps are same with different acid which is phosphoric acid.
RESULT

A) Titration of monoprotic acid ( acetic acid, CH3COOH )

Volume of NaOH added pH value

0 3.18
2 3.67
4 3.90
6 4.09
8 4.37
10 4.53
12 4.73
14 4.90
16 5.08
18 5.38
20 6.06
22 11.27
24 11.70
26 11.90
28 12.04
B) Titration of polyprotic acid ( phosphoric acid )

Volume of NaOH added pH value

0 1.50
2 1.55
4 1.58
6 1.65
8 1.72
10 1.75
12 1.79
14 1.92
16 1.93
18 1.96
20 2.05
22 2.12
24 2.23
26 2.32
28 2.38
30 2.49
32 2.55
34 2.82
36 3.07
38 3.43
40 5.15
42 5.75
44 5.98
46 6.17
 pH VS Volume of NaOH
14

12

10

8
pH Value

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
 pH VS Volume of NaOH
7

4
pH Value

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Volume of NaOH added (mL)
CALCULATION

Part A

Equation : NaOH + CH3COOH H2O + CH3COOH- Na+

VEP = 21 mL = 0.021 L

Moles of titrant = volume of titrant concentration of titrant

= 0.021 L 0.1 mol/L

= 2.1 10-3 mol

Concentration of analyte =

2.1 103 mol

=
0.025

= 0.084 M
pH = pKa = 4.1

pKa = -log Ka

-log Ka = 4.1

Ka = 7.94 10-5

[]
pH = pKa + log []

0.084
= 4.1 + log
0.1

= 4.02
Part B

Equation : NaOH + H3PO4 H2O + NaH2PO4

VEP = 39 mL = 0.039 L

Moles of titrant = volume of titrant concentration of titrant

= 0.039 L 0.1 mol/L

= 3.9 10-3 mol

Concentration of analyte =

3.9 103 mol

=
0.025

= 0.156 M

pH = pKa = 2.1

pKa = -log Ka

-log Ka = 2.1

Ka = 7.94 10-3

[]
pH = pKa + log []

0.156
= 2.1 + log
0.1

= 2.29
DISCUSSION

Titration is an experimental techniques used to determined the concentration or the number of

moles of a substance. In either case, it is used to determine the equivalence point of the

titration which is showing that enough titrant has been added to the analyte solution. As we

know, in titration process, the main reaction is the neutralization. In this experiment,

equivalence point will be used to obtain information about the Ka of the acid.

For this experiment, it has 2 parts of titration. In part A, we perform titration of monoprotic

acid, ( acetic acid ) with NaOH while in part B, titration of polyprotic acid ( phosphoric acid )

with NaOH. In both parts we added the NaOH titrant in 2 mL increments and for each 2 mL,

we got the pH reading.

After we plotted the graph pH vs volume of NaOH added, we calculated the value of pKa and

Ka of the acid being titrated. From the calculation, the Ka value for acetic acid is 7.94 10-5

and its pKa value is 4.02. The graph show that the pH is 4.1. there is not much difference

between the experimental graph and theoretical calculation. Meanwhile the Ka for phosphoric

acid is 7.94 10-3 and its pKa value is 2.29. From the graph, it show that the pH is 2.1. we

can say that the pH for acetic acid which is monoprotic acid is higher than phosphoric acid

which is polyprotic acid.

While doing this experiments, some precautions should be taken. Firstly, before taking an

initial reading, air bubble that present in the nozzle of the burette must be removed. To get an

accurate reading, we must keep our eye in level of the liquid surface while taking the burette

reading. Moreover, while titrating, the conical flask must be swirled constantly to ensure the

solution mixed evenly.

CONCLUSION

A titration is a valid form and and effective method measuring the amount or volume of

reagent to react quantitatively with the solution sample. In this experiment, acetic acid and

phosphoric acid was analyzed by titration with NaOH to determine its equivalence point and

calculated the acid dissociation constant, Ka. As the volume of NaOH added increase, the pH

of the analyte solution increase.

REFERENCES

1. www.titrations.info/titration-basic-terms

2. https://www.khanacademy.org/.../titrations.../acid-base-titration

3. https://www.slideshare.net/.../chemistry-report-final
PICTURES

Set up apparatus for titration perform the titration

Reading pH meter Result of titration