CHG 2314

Heat Transfer Operations

Winter 2012
Assignment 2
Professor: Dr. Boguslaw Kruczek January 19, 2012

DATE DUE: January 26, 2012 at 4:00 p.m. in the Assignment Box

Problem 1

Answer the following questions and draw a diagram whenever necessary:

a) In steady a state one dimensional heat conduction, the rate of heat transfer at any point within the
system is the same. Is it possible for the heat flux in the same case to vary with position within
the system? Justify.

b) Consider a plane wall at steady state. Please draw schematically the temperature profile in the
wall in case when:
i) Thermal conductivity of the wall is independent of temperature
ii) Thermal conductivity of the wall increases with temperature
iii) Thermal conductivity of wall decreases with temperature

c) Consider a plane wall experiencing transient 1-D heat conduction in x-direction. Please draw the
temperature profile (T as a function of x) in this wall knowing that both the temperature and the
conduction heat flux decrease with x.

d) Consider a plane wall, which is at a uniform temperature T1. Suddenly, the temperature of one
side of the wall is increased to the temperature T2 while the other side is perfectly insulated.
Please draw schematically the temperature profile within the wall after:
i) 1 min
ii) 5 min
iii) Very long time

e) Consider a plane wall, which is at a uniform temperature T1. Suddenly, the temperature of one
side of the wall is increased to the temperature T2 while the other side remains to be exposed to
fluid at temperature T1. Please draw schematically the temperature profile within the wall after:
i) 1 min
ii) 5 min
iii) Very long time

f) Consider the situation from part d), in which the wall could be made from three different
materials. On a single diagram, please draw schematically and justify the temperature profile
within the wall after 5 from the temperature change on one side if the wall were made from:
i) Pure aluminum
ii) Pure copper
iii) Pure iron
 Hint: to answer this question f) you need to check appropriate thermal properties of these
materials at the back of your textbook.

g) You are interested in determination of a steady state temperature profiles in a cylinder conducting
the electrical current in axial direction, the flow of which results in a uniform volumetric heat
generation within its volume. Please write the appropriate form of a heat diffusion equation in
the following cases:
i) The cylinder is very long and its entire surface is exposed to a uniform thermal
environment
ii) The cylinder is short and all surfaces are exposed to the same thermal environment
iii) The cylinder is very long and one half of its circumference is insulated while the other
half exposed to a uniform thermal environment

Problem 2

A chemically reacting mixture is stored in a thin-walled spherical container of radius r1 = 200 mm, and
the exothermic reaction generates heat at a uniform, but temperature-dependent rate of
q qo exp A / To where qo 5000 W/m3 , A 75 K, To is the reactor temperature in K
The vessel is enclosed by an insulating material of outer radius r2, thermal conductivity k, and emissivity
. The outer surface of insulation experiences convection heat transfer and net radiation exchange with the
adjoining air and large surroundings, respectively.

a) Write the steady-state form of the heat diffusion equation for the insulation. Verify that this
equation is satisfied by a temperature distribution of the form
1 r1 r
T x Ts ,1 Ts ,1 Ts ,2
1 r1 r2
b) Applying Fouriers law, show that the rate of heat transfer by conduction through the
insulation may be expressed by
4 k Ts ,1 Ts ,2
qr
1 r1 1 r2
Applying an energy balance to a control surface about the container, obtain an alternative
expression for qr in terms of q and r1
c) Applying an energy balance to a control surface placed around the outer surface of the
insulation, obtain an expression from which Ts,2 may be determined as a function of q , r1, h,
T, , Tsur.
d) Under the following conditions: k = 0.07 W/m K, r2 = 210 mm, h = 8 W/m2 K, = 0.8, T =
30oC, and Tsur = 35oC, what is the actual reactor temperature (To = T(r1) = Ts,1), the outer
surface temperature Ts,2 of insulation, and the total rate heat generation by the reactor?