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te ‘Twelve Shillings 60np | £5 Co amateur radio circuits hook PUBLISHED BY THE RADIO SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN eae ] 1 Amateur Radio Circuits Book Compiled by G. R. Jessop, C. Eng., MIERE, G6UP ° RADIO SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN 35 DOUGHTY STREET, LONDON, W.C.1 Copyright © 1970 by Radio Society of Great Britain First edition 1964 Second edition 1968 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LIMITED LETCHWORTH, HERTFORDSHIRE =—— = ss Foreword to Second Edition In preparation of the second edition of this collection of circuits pertaining to Amateur Radio, a considerable number of new circuits has been reviewed, a representative selection included and a number of those in the first edition replaced. The circuits cover a wide variety of applications in radio equipment. They are mainly in the form of single stage diagrams accompanied by typical component values, but in a few cases some additional information has been included where this extra data is essential. Several complete circuits are included where elaboration is desirable for clarity. As far as possible, valve and semiconductor alternatives are pro- vided, and in a few cases constructional data has also been included. It is hoped that this enlarged edition more completely covers the needs of the home constructor and experimenter. The author wishes to acknowledge the considerable assistance given by the following members of the Society's Technical Committee: Mr. B, Armstrong, G3EDD, Mr. G. Fox, G3AEX, Mr. J. Mathews, G6LL and Mr. G. D. Roe, G3NGS. Suggestions for further improvement of future editions will, of course, be welcomed by the author and publisher. G. R. Jessop, G6JP Yi -_— Li Li wus _ — uy i AERIAL MATCHING pF, To 50 TRANSMITTER 4 Cl To 28/ TO 35, 21/14 Mels 7-0 Mels AERIAL, AERIAL LI AND L2 — 5 TURNS L3 AND L4 — @ TURNS LLAND L3 ARE ARRANGED TO BE INSIDE L2 AND L4 RESPECTIVELY NOTE THAT BOTH SIDES OF CI ARE ABOVE EARTH LAYOUT PERSPEX SHEET SDUROF IX" HOLES AFTER COMPLETION “| FIXING HOLES A Z-match tuning unit for coupling a transmitter to an aerial. The circuit can be conveniently arranged as in the layout diagram. The coils should be 24 in. and 3 in. diam., as shown in lower diagrams, and 14 s.w.g. wire is suitable. The coils should preferably be wound first, with 4 in. spacing between turns, and then threaded on to the former. This matches into 600 chm lines, 7 AERIAL MATCHING AERIAL ‘An hf. bands matching unit for 10-80m incorporating a standing wave indicator for 50 or 75 ohm cable. M can be a cross-arm aircraft indicator with two 500 2A. movements or separate meters, VR3, VR4, 3000 ohm potentiometers on same shaft, RL, aerial changeover relay with make contact; L1, 10 turns, 16 s.w.g., 14 in, diam. with taps at 3 turns for 10 and 15m and 7 turns for 20m; L2, 24 turns (Command transmitter coil), tapped at 17 turns for 40m. The tf. pick-up wires are of 22 s.w.g. enamelled wire threaded under the outer sheath of the coaxial line without any twists. TRANSMITTER SWR BRIDGE \S00pF 2 - AERIAL, Ser LEVEL] A Top Band Z-match coupler. L140 turns, 18 s.w.g. enam., close wound, 1} in. diam. L2 25 turns, 18 s.w.g. enam., close wound on top of L1, interleaved with suitable insulation, M1 0-500 vA f.s.d. ‘St s.p.d.t. switch. 82 d.p.d.t. switch, The s.w.r. bridge consists of 3 ft, of semi-air-spaced 75 ohm coaxial feeder, with a 22 s.w.g. enam. coupling wire inserted under the outer braid. Care should be taken to ensure that the coupling wire is parallel to the inner wire of the coaxial cable, i a i dod : 1 1 1 7 oy ee = fem ey AERIALS—TR Switches Io, AERIAL reckiver To TRANSMITTER isolati 20 volts for diode TR switch. The bias for good isolation is + ij Fens ana Se) Volts for transmit. D, 1N2071 or equivalent silicon power rec: iv, rating. : wih ai TReuliches ere should be taken to make sure that TVI is not caused. 2BSmH ox “HT+ 250 © AERIAL TRANSMITTER Low Zz INPUT AVC OR EARTH = ASBKTA AERIAL G ant isov O.0IpF TRANSMITTER © ‘Pot receiven 30 turns of 26swg A 36" dia Two double triode 63V 2000pF AERIALS—TR Switches O:005pF TRANSMITTER AERIAL, 0.005pF RECEIVER E- ‘0.005 (pF OHT+ Igo A TR switch. In this diagram, the output coll must suit the band in use and the tap position must be adjusted to match the receiver input. With all TR switches care should be taken to make sure that TVI is not caused, Qt TRANSMITTER loopr Vax 6827 GRID OF CATHODE FOLLOWER [=o 109 TO SIDE-TONE PF AMPLIFIER/ MIXER (Ya x t2ax7) A TR switch, with sidetone generator and a. muting, L3, L4 form a multiband tuner with a broadcast type twin gang variable capacitoras the tuning capacitance across L4. The diode may be a 1N34, but any r.f. diode should be satisfactory. Similarly, the sidetone neon, originally an NE-2, is not critical. The 3 turn aerial coupling coil should be less than 4 in. diam, The 12 turn coil is wound over the 3 turn coil with 4 in. clearance, L3, 23 turns, 16 t.p.l., $in. diam. L4, 19 turns, 32 1 in. diam. 10 a sO — yoo RECEIVING—Preamplifiers TO RECEIVER INPUT SOCKET npr. cena re Ht (Sma) ua Si ULAR * j Een ecw4 OEARTH AERIAL cr (gon), O.0015pF ay F TUBULAR CERAMIC H.f, band preamplifier using a grounded grid triode. C1, 3, 0-0015 pF tubular ceramic, c2 39 pF silvered mica. RE ae ohra to suit the hut, voltage. EF Gey our t's icone in at Mel . The link winding i: at Ny d eee oe ‘on the desired output impedance; former, $34 (Salford Electrical Insts.). sd A gain of the order of 10db at a noise factor ‘of about this amplifier. Ib may be expected with 1000 0-001 Cascode preamplifier for 21 or 28 Mc/s. 1,2 (21 Mc/s) 15 pF; (28 Mc/s) 5 pF. L1,2 18 turns, 36 s.w.g. enal sews. V1, 2 6C' For 15m, align Lt and L2 to 21:25 Mc/s; 29 Mc/s. _ fin, diam., slug tuned. Link windings 1 turns and 10m, align L1 to 285 Mc/s, and L2 to " RECEIVING—Preamplifiers 5pF 2N2398 Transistor preamplifier for 144 Mc/s, turns, 20 s.w.g., emitter tap at 1 turn, aeri i Lf tame, 29 soma. emitter tap rial tap at 14 turns, in, diam, L3 3 turns, 18 s.w.g,, tapped at turns, #& in. dam. ine 19 n-'28 “Zs in, diam, In the above circuits, the input connection to L1 should be adjust noise factor. This will not necessarily be the same point as, maxi oat, ae A bridge neutralised Nuvistor preamplifier for 144 Mc/s. L1 5 turns, 20 s.w.g. tinned copper, tapped at 12 turns, ¥ in. ld & In. tong. turns, 16 sng. enam. copper, tapped at 4f turns from anode ond, fn. Ld. L3 1 turn link of insulated wire around contre R_ to suit ht. supply voltage. ate 12 LS ey 4 Fs emu RECEIVING—Preamplifiers TO AERIAL TRI Shope AB” couLecTOR LINE CRI VRI2F (AE!) T2v ZENER DIODE +tISV FROM T/R SWITCH This can provide a performance, better ay formally attainable by eliminating the (typically) 25db feeder “ atten- tintor aheed ofa preamplifier ‘Care is necessary to ensure that the transmitter output does not damage the transistor. This risk can be eliminated by usipg 4 Shitable length of coaxial cable between the relay and feeding into C1. About fin, should be correct length. The rf. chokes RFC1 and RFC2 must be effective or there will be some loss of performance. A 482 Mc/s mast-head preamplifier. TUNING. TROUGH, CAbaciron tx irxit © 7 £ a sad Veto me Jee Tato INSULATOR TO” TUNING CAPACITOR C4 Sete To ourpur! TROUGH SOCKET VIA C6 oe 7 RECEIVING—Converters a site TGR poten tee iene (tI40v on 5 vouTaGE ue’ ANOoe) STEP UP Locat. << Secitiator oor insur 10K PRIMARY. IK 2= 2000 To ace art -O-BV STATIC BIAS lov Low noise triode preamplifier-mixer with good cross-modulation characteristics. The aerial coil should have a 75 ohm primary, and a 1:5 turns ratio, while the mixer coupling coil should have a primary impedance of the order of 200 ohms, with a turns ratio of 1:5. The rf. stage has an overall gain of 4. In this type of circuit itis essential that the primary of the mixer coupling Is low impedance to prevent instability. bs ure. 15K lov g z 500 ke/s Trlode mixer with Franklin local oscillator, suitable for a receiver front end or converter on the h.f. bands. V2 and V3 can be a 12AT7 double triode. The value of the two feedback capacitors (10 pF) should be adjusted to as low a value as. possible consistent with free oscillation. The 47 pF capacitor across the tuned circuit may be of suitable temperature coefficient to reduce frequency drift. 4 — woe oo ot ee RECEIVING—Converters OHT+ 47K AERIAL IF AMPLIFIER ‘OSCILLATOR iNPUT took i ; 7 hae input circuit, which may comprise any number of circuits to achieve tt reaulted: Selectivity: Lf. transformers feeding Into and out of the fixed crystal filter should have low impedance windings (about 10 per cent of the norma! winding turns). A suitable if. for this arrangement is 1-6 Mc/s. 40pF 47K sopF OSCILLATOR > i—> FILTER 1OpF} IF TRAP Au OUTPUT CIRCUIT CIRCUIT BEAM DEFLECTION TYPE A receiver front-end using a beam de- flection first stage, and a @ multiplier to improve input circuit performance. The oscillator voltage required on the deflector plate is 2 volts. Care must be taken to ensure that the valve is not affected by magnetic fields which may induce modulation hum. 45 RECEIVING—Converters 3 See Toble for eco. Y3 SShuast or SF, Transistor hf. band converter suitable for use ahead of a car radio or other broadcast receiver. The circuit as shown is for single band operation and coil data is given below for most of the h.f. bands. Multiband operation can, however, be arranged by the introduction of suitable switches. al tt ke Lic ize] Ls L3e ci, Hee was 2a Rat mage [Furns| Wire | Tap [Turns| Wi [Turns] Wire |Turns| Wire | pF ke/s, 18 | 140 40 | 25 | 10 36 | 100 36 10 35 53 40 16 8 382 80 32 5 14 23 24 6 5 24 26 24 3 115] 20/5] 3] 20] te | oo | 8 aw ji | oo] 4} 2] a] is] | 2 36 | 40} 2700 | 700-200 36 | 40} 2850 | 650-950 24 | 15 | 4450* | 650-1000 24 [15 | 67a3* | 650-1100 24 | 15 | s983* | 650-1050 Coils wound on j in. formers with dust cores * third overtone is used L4 Standard broadcast band coil connected back to front to feed receiver by low impedance coaxial lead, X Protective device to effectively short circuit the input in the presence of a local transmitter. A low voltage NE2 neon or a ZAG Zener diode would be suitable, = eee I, 1 RECEIVING—Converters HEATER CIRCUIT AND RF BY-PASSING. The circuit of an hf. amateur bands converter for attaching to the input of a general coverage receiver tuning from 5 to 5:5 Mc/s. All the coils, except L1 a IFT1, are manufactured by Electroniques (Prop. STC) Ltd. L1, 75 turns of 36 s.w.g. enamelled wire close wound on a 0-3 in. diam. former with dust core. IFTt is identical to L1 except that it has a secondary winding of 8 turns of 24 Sag. enamelled wire tightly coupled at the cold end of the primary. For crystal frequencies, refer to Table 1 on page 18. 75 OHM AERIAL INPUT. 7 6b GRYSTAL: HOLDERS t2"x 5" ve" TABLE 1 Output Frequency Fundamental | 7,000 ke/s 80 Fundamental 9,000 ke/s 40 Fundamental 12,500 ke/s 20 Third Overtone 19,500 ke/s 15 | Third Overtone 26,500 ke/s 10 | Third Overtone 33,500 ke/s 10 Third Qvertone | 34,000 ke/s 10 Third Overtone | 34,500 ke/s All_crystals FT243 type holder with 4 in. pin spacing for series resonance operation. an 4 9 a Q 8 2 g 8 8 Z 2 g s ¥'O-ms 91 sume {85m ALUMINIUM | CHASES ‘punom asojo *B-m's $g Suan} Je “punom asojo “B:m's $3 SUN} 13 *punom esoja “B'm's 0g SUN} gf *punom asoj9 “B'm's 0g SUN} OF * as 7z ga EB Fr 3 a 3 8 33 3 $ zi = 35 e 3 5 s 2 q zi *se109 UOd] JSNp YPM S1EUtIOY ‘UL £ UO puNOM p ‘EQsy pur s 'y ‘ET syJoo uyew woxy wing | paoeds ‘suiny g 1109 BuydnoD sm ovuano> (03193NNOD 300181) INSULATED] BASE FOR VCI & VC2 10O-7 O15 100ke/s 00, ON iG eee) alton | waeainen 40 pies yo op 2° © 60 Wr Rea Ve" CLEAR SPACE, CAN BE USED TO MOUNT. VALYE AND ‘CRYSTAL OF A 400 ke/s CALIBRATOR The top view of the chassis for the converter on page 17, showing the suggested positioning of the major components. Provision has been made for eight crystals and eight oscillator coils, which enable three 500 kc/s sections of the 10m band to be covered. If all the ranges are required, the switch banks St to S7 will be 1 pole, 8 way wafers, with the three 10m contacts of S1 to S4 strapped to- gether, and connected to the appropriate 10m band coil. To align the bandpass coupler, unscrew the 2-8 pF trimmer, and adjust both dust cores of L1 and IFT1 for maximum output at exactly 5-25 Mc/s. Then increase the capacitance of the trimmer until the response at 5 and 5:5 Mc/s is not more than 3db down. $10}10AU09—ONIAIZOTY $40}49AU0D—ONIAISOIN RECEIVING—Converte: rs Converters for 70 Mc/s and 144 Mc/s using field effect transistors. These converters can be expected to have noise factors of the order of 3db or better, and to have excellent cross-modulation performance. Resistor values in paren- theses are for a supply voltage of 9V. Positioning of the aerial coupling link is critical. Data for IF. Transformer T3 1 Tunable Lt. Crystal primary 75 ohm 600 ohm Lt. centre freq. indue- Turns S.w.g, Former coupling coupling (Meje) (Mele) (Mc/s) tance ‘turns turns Four Ietres YORE 208 St18 205uH 68 98 Potcore 5 18 2127 208 Seco SSS. ‘ " 4147 440 Goon 468 2 6 Terr 740 380 6518 4 3 9197 940 9050 10815 BB 1 3 4, 229F 262 S555 g69uH 88 88 6 0 3550 310828 6 6 3500 05 aT 3 ® 595 0 She 8D 2 8 140160 150 9250 11315 1 3 mom) 20 300 5B 828 2 5 lw ‘former 240960 250 S000 a7 2 5 cw former 20900 990 2000 30 5-28 Aladdin 2 5 clw former 4, 60pF ‘See facing page VIEWED FROM LEAD END 4 4 15 Ls c 12,3 RECEIVING—Converters "DISC CERAMIC CAPACITOR Simple 70 Mc/s converter. 7 turns, 18 s.w.g., tapped at 3 turns from earth, # in. 0. 6 turns, 24 s.w.g. on same former, spaced + In. apart. 3 turns, 16 s.w.g., centre tapped, din. diam, leads to C, 4 in. long. 28 turns, 24 s.w.g., + in. diam. former. 3 turns, 24 s.w.g. on same former as L5. trimmer of about 10 pF maximum to set oscillator at 49 Mc/s. Other capacitors across L4 should be of suitable temperature coefficient to reduce drift to a minimum. Coil Data for Converter on page 20 22 8.w.9. enam., self-supporting (wound on 2 in. mandrel). C1, 7 pF. Primary: 3tuine, 226.w.o. enam., pushed Into" cold " end of second- en. Primary: 6 tur, tapped 2 turns from earthy end, 22 8.1.0. enam, R close wound on 6-3 in. Aladdin former. C2, 10 pF. ‘wound nearer chess ‘spaced fy In. trom primary. C3, 10 pF. T3 Soo Table p. 20, 14 Primary: 4 turns, 28.6, enam., close wound near chassis on 0-3 in. ‘Aladdin former. CE, 33 Secondary: 4 tums, 2 s.w.a. enam., close wound, spaces In. from primary. C5, 38 pF. ‘75 Maine tums, 28a.w.a. enam., close wound on081n. Aladdin former Emitter: { turn, 26 s.n.g- enam., overwound at "cold " end of main winding. ‘Output: 2turne,28,w.9. enam., overwound at centre of main winding. Two Metres TH Secondary: 4 turns, 22 s.w.. enam., self-supporting (wound on fn ‘mandrel, C1, not required. Primary: turns, 22.w.9. enam., pushed Into cold " end of second= an. ‘re Primary: 5 turne, tapped 2 tuns from earthy end, 22 a... ena close wound on 03 In. Aladdin former. C2,2°2 BF. ‘scondary:® turns, 22 s.w.g. ener, close wound nearer chassis, paced fs In. from primary. C3, not required, 3 _ S00 Table p. 20, 4,5 As for 4m, C5, C8 600F. ——— Circuit of a Nuvistor converter for 70 Mc/s. C1, 2,3 and 4 are 2-20 pF variable’ capacitors, and all 0-001 and 0-003 pF capacitors are disc ceramics. Resistors are 4 watt rating except where indicated. L1, 8 turns, tapped at 24 turns from earthy end, 22 s.w.g., spaced wire diam. { in. diam. former, + In. leads; L2, 27 turns, 28 $.w.9., close wound, 03 in, diam.’ slug-tuned former; L3, 9 turns, 22 s.w.g., spaced wire diam, + in. diam, former, 1 in. leads; L4, 7 turns, 22 s.w.g., spaced wire diam., 4 in. diam. former, 1 in, leads; L5, (60 Mcjs),/ 6 turns, 22 s.w.g., spaced wire diam., + in. diam. former, 1 in, leads. L6, for 10 Mc/s if., 34 turns, 28° s.w.g., close wound, 0-3 in. diam. slug tuned former;L7, 4turns, small diam, p.v.c.’ covered ' wire, wound over earthy end of L6; Lg, 12 turns, 28 s.w.g., close wound, 03'in. diam. slug- tuned former, Crystal, 20 Mc/s. HT+I50V. OFF ON TRANSMIT RESISTORS ARE /2 WATT RATING UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED 450V STAB A 144 Mc/s converter, L1, 7 turns, 22 s.w.g. tinned copper 4in, diam, spaced one wire diameter; L2, 8 turns, 18 s.w.g. tinned copper @ in. diam., § in. long, tapped 6 turns from anode end; L3, 4 turns, 18 s.w.g, tinned copper 3 in. diam., rin. long; L4,3 turns, 14 s.w.g. tinned copper # in. diam., Fin. tong; L5, 8 turns, 18 s.w.g. tinned copper $ in. diam., 4 in. long, centre tapped; L6, 7, 8, 24 turns, 34 s.w.g. enam., close wound on Aladdin ¢ in. diam former (L6 and L7 are wound on the same former and separated by +n.) L9, 8 turns, 24 s.w.g. enam., close wound 7g in. from L8; RFC1, 19 in. 30 s.w.g. enam., $ in. diam., self-supporting; RFC2, 3, 9 turns each, 26 s.w.g., d.c.c. on Neosid iron core type 1; R1, 3, 5, 4 watt; R4, 7, 8, 11, + watt; R6, 9, 10, ¢ watt ‘The if. output is 102’Me/s. Osc., 67-4 Mc/s centre. $19}149AU09—ONIAIZOIN $19}40AU09—ONIAIZOIN B SE9o __ ___ Correct voltages at indicated test points. Pane oe 5 A 45- 50 volts E 140-145 volts Bs Be B 75-80 volts F 140-148 volts Biss C 180-185 volts S 0-95-Avolt Boge D 25- 30 volts | H 0-95-1 volt 83a Boo 9 1 Big yer aaope yaad MAM wb Mate QF 35 Qeak 8328 5832 2 a8 a Base 2 g Sak lm = S QoeNn* : é S50 ® Pa é Beg 8 ses 2 Zo Bes a oR a 2 28 1. 2 e538 a | a ges wl] 4b sass * 3B Gl} & vie aia: | erie! Bee us “ ¢ spaced 1's to In. apart. ay 6 3 ara one a] os "A | ooeis F008 with dust core nsf | | 4 | te in trom eat end ot se wl 2 cls-wnd.| 4 | wound over last trn of Le, a: Ma] [SR Sh | 8 | Ret eres ae { cum | can. eo soy es ane. 200-250 cn (a) ow A simple 432 Mc/s converter. C1, 4, 5, 6 10, 11, 12, 18 midget mica; C2, 3, 7, ceramicons; C8, 9, 3-8 pF Philips trim- COnNECTION POINTS: $19}10AU09—SNIAIZOaN 5 iat mers; CRI, silicon diode type CV102 or exo uP i * Baim CV103; L1, 22 turns, 22 s.w.g. enam., ve" close wound, tapped at four turns; L2, six turns, 20 s.w.g. enam,, close wound} L3, two ‘turns, 20 s.w.g. enam., close wound; L4, 5, see (b); L6, 22 turns, 32 s.w.g. 4.8.c., close wound, centre CRYSTAL DIODE CUP FEEDER SOCKET “ us We" aT. it'swg. BRASS SHEET. TAPPED 6BA of Br at aaa 0) Dimensions of the strip line L4 and L5 which is made from a single piece of 18 s.w.g. brass and spaced ¥ in. from the chassis, fixed at right angles to each other in a corner of the chassis. TW tapped; L7, 37 turns, 32 s.w.g. d. close wound; L8, four turns, 32 s.w.g. d.s.c., wound at earthy end of L7 (all colis except L4, 5, are close wound on 2 in. diam, Aladdin formers, and should have high frequency cores); M1, 0-500 uA; Xi, 35 Mc/s overtone crystal. RECEIVING—Converters 23 Mele HT 10 6 Ye 12AT7 1000 pF T+ BUTLER OSCILLATOR Alternative crystal oscil- lator circuits which may be used for the converter on page 25. L 12 turns on $ in. diam former. RFC 100 tums, close wound, on 1 M ohm resistor. 41 10 turns on ¢ in. diam. former, 2 5 turns on 4 in. diam. former, X,X insert 10 ohm re- sistors here if osci- lator fails to start or is unstable. — out ssB Pur SIGNAL INPUT, «Lowz) cami ne en fek hPa aueie | S3opF-| 6-001 |200pH ais kere | azopF [0-008 [2- Sal LOW IMPEDANCE DOUBLE DIODE The diodes may be a matched pair of OA79. HT+105V OSTABILIZED 470K 470K DOUBLE DIODE (THERMIONIC) This circuit has a balance control to adjust for minimum A3 output. The valve may be a 6Ai5, EB91, or equivalent. 37 RECEIVING—Detectors ‘Two useful circuits using semiconductor product detectors with valve carrier oscillators for upper and lower sideband. X1 and X2 are sideband crystals, CARRIER OSCILLATOR, To AUDIO ourpuT Ete, 2nd. AMPLIFIER Product detector with valve amplifier fed from an audio transformer. 33K HT+ OA79 SIDEBAND SWITCHING Product detector with transistor audio stage. 38 a a fh a em Le aha ee eal vy RECEIVING—Detectors, A.M., S.S.B, tox. tox Bre o2sov auoIo ‘ourrur oor A combination detector using a double triode. In the a.m. switch position, triode (a) operates as an infinite impedance detector, and in the s.s.b./c.w. position the two triodes operate as a conventional cathode coupled double triode detector. About 2 volts of b.f.0. injection will normally give good quality speech. 33K HT+ BFO A combination detector using an infinite impedance detector tor a.m. and a heptode product detector for s.s.b. and c.w. A self oscillating product detector may be arranged by including a conventional circuit in the cathode, but it would be fnocessary to switch off the b.f.o. for a.m. reception. V1, 4 12AT7, V2, 6BES or 6BAZ. 39 RECEIVING—Detectors, F.M. A limiter-discriminator for detecting f.m. signals. This circult is designed to provide an a.f.c. bias voltage in addition to the audio output. The value of Ris adjusted to provide satisfactory limiting, 150 K ohms being a suitable starting valu A id saaiial utilizing two semiconductor diodes. A suitable type is the GEX34 or . =| rs i 4 ee i_J i I RECEIVING—Audio A.G.C. ‘AUDIO FROM AVC AMPLIFIER, BT DETECTOR © % ECOVERY. NODE a LONAL MANUAL. SKROBe VARIABLE Récarive VOLTAGE | 4 axpagn 2s TO AVE oy TO EARTH Amplified audio derived a.g.c. hang circuit, V1 is a 12AU7, and V2 and V8 are 6AL5s. T1, 3:1 ratio midget intervalve transformer. In these circuits the amplifier is used for both audio and a.g.c. In diagram (a), one triode is used as an amplifier and other is strapped as a diode. Any double triode such as a 12A7T is suitable. The inductor L may be replaced by a step-up transformer if greater voltage output Is required. In diagram (b) a silicon diode is used for rectification. A suitable the A200 or OA202. The time constant of the circuit is set by the 33 M ohm resistor and 05 #F capacitor. The values are typical and may be changed if desired, If less than full ag.c. voltage is required for an early stage, this may be obtained by splitting the 33 M ohm resistor to form a potentiometer of the same total value. T Veg 2AT7 w RECEIVING—Noise Limiters 2nd DET RECEIVING—Noise Limiters FINAL_1F Lf. noise limiter. When R1 is switched Into circuit, C1 and C2 charge to the average peak level with such polarity that they oppose, This type of limiter i fe to an early stage of the if. amplifier. fe ee eaeee eee a CONTROL ALL RESISTORS '/2W CARBON OALS —I2AX7 12V INPUT O— Combined full wave noise limiter and squelch noise squelcher. SIGNAL DIODE HEATER CONNECTIONS FOR 12V SUPPLY = 560KN — 560KN. RI tooka, uit often referred to as atwin Re. TKO. AUDIO ourPuT Dickert self-following noise limiter, A positive and negative peak limiter with varlable control to set atthe modulation level at which clipping takes place. This arrangement Is suitable for the reception 7 weak signals in the presence of considerable noise or signals of low modula- tlon depth. 42 4% RECEIVING—Noise Limiters Audio peak clipping noise limiter. The diodes CR1 and CR2 should be a sili high reverse resistance type. The clipping level eet by the potentiometer VR ate aupig AuD10 neat ourPur _—> O-0\pF 10K ‘LIMITER CONTROL 56K. Negative and positive peak clipping noise limiter. The avai i re wailable rar voltage set by the limiter contro! can be adjusted by changing the heed santater AT 470K Vi sALS: SHG ete Audio follower rigise limiter, 4 o_o roils F fcc ferme, fey re, a rea Deiter ee eee eee een Lf RECEIVING—Noise Blankers 1F OUTPUT ‘An if. noise blanker for Insertion Into the Lf. chain of an existing receiver. The transformers IFT1 and 2 should be of the same frequency as those of the main receiver. HT+ 1K —° 50V ook = oul ™ a 22M 100K Noise blanker used in Drake Ré receiver, In this circult the input Is taken from the anode of the mixer and the output is connected to the anode of the last i. ampli- fier. These leads must be screened by using coaxial cable. A noise pulse pro- duces a negative pulse on the grid of V2a and causes V2b to conduct, The anode of the last if. amplifier is then effectively earthed through the diode in the cathode circuit while V2b is conducting. The variable resistor sets the bias and thus the threshold level. Lc i. tuned circult (half a standard transformer). CRI, 2, 3 1N625 or equivalent. v1 6BAG. v2 12AX7. 40 Mc/s RF AMPLIFIERS barr sro, Niet PULSE AMPLIFIERS " wer ‘wodeF 0m 1 pee pron toon 1F CATHODE aox {¥# FOLLOWER mera ISOLATOR four 2 L1 = 0-8-1-1 wH, 11 turns, 30 7 s.W.g., tapped 12 turns from earthy end with dust iron core. L2,3 08-18 »H, with dust iron core, pa L4 18-80 yH, with dust tron core. Le 10uH. Ti discriminator trans- former. 72 if. transformer. [get r= 1009 Alignment should be carried out with the aim of producing a response from 39-41 Mc/s with a peak at 40 Mc/s. In the rf. type of noise blanker a noise pulse is picked up by a completely separate aerial and wideband recelver, in this case tuned to 40 Mc/s a good general purpose vertical aerial is recommended. The receiver consists of three broadly tuned after rectification, by three pulse amplifiers. The output is fed into a gating circuit normally positioned inthe firs conversion receiver, ahead of the selective filter and second pulse-type of noise, such as that produced by ignition systems. Wy yin To00yF Teor A combined 1°8 and 144 Mc/s transmitter. u 16 turns, 26 s.w.g. Aladdin 5961 former with dust iron core. Le 95 turns, 38 s.w.g., close wound on ¢ in. diam. former. Ls 21 turns, 26 s.w.g., tapped at 10 turns from anode ‘end, Aladdin 5961 former with brass core. ua 6} turns, 20 s.w.g., tapped at 3f turns from anode ‘end, Aladdin 8961 former with brass core. us 5 turns, 20 s.w.g., tapped at 24 turns from anode end, + in. diam., self supporting, g in. long. Ls 36 turns, 18 s.w.g., 1f in. diam, 2 in. long. RFC1, 2 220 mH. RFC3 25 mH. RFG4 40 turns, 30 s.w e.s.s., on Aladdin 5961 former. TL RESISTORS ARE Wa WATT RATING UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED amplifiers followed, stage of a double amplifier. This type of noise blanker is particularly effective for short TeoopF a= By ze omit Baath 3s Detail of Ln For 144 Mc/s operation the output of V1, the crystal oscil- lator, is fed Into V2 which operates as a tripler. This drives V3 which doubles to the final frequency to drive V4, the p.a, When switched to 1-8 Mc/s V2 is operated as the v.f.o. and V3 becomes an untuned buffer. An unusual feature of the p.a. circuit is the use of suppressor neutralising by the inductance Ln. This method Is claimed to enable stable ‘operation over a wider frequency range than would be possible by the conventional capacitance method, s190yueig 8S1ON—ONIAIZIIY eee ONILLINSNVAL

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