different kinds of leadership

Issue 04
April 2015
Will You
Retire
Wealthy?

Money &
Relationships

WARREN BUFFETT
 Letter from
RECEIVE MONTHLY
SUBSCRIBE AT
OUR WEBSITE
Keirsey
ISSUES OF THE KEIRSEY www.keirsey.com/magazine
MAGAZINE >>
Dear Friend,

I am very excited about the April issue of the Keirsey Magazine! This
month, we are featuring Warren Buffett, the second richest man in
the U.S. and the third wealthiest man on the planet, according to the
Forbes 2015 Billionaires List. He is a classic Guardian Inspector
(ISTJ), who generated his wealth steadily over time. He was gifted at
assessing the value of businesses, and knew when to buy them, and
how to grow them. What we love about him is his straightforward, no
nonsense approach to money. He has remained true to form, and
did it his way.

This month, you can find out your Money Type by taking the quiz
in this issue. You can also learn about what happens when finance
meets romance; to figure out whether you are financially compatible
with your partner or prospective significant other. We hope that you
are just as excited as we are about how the magazine has grown.
Wed love to hear your thoughts and suggestions for upcoming
issues. You can contact us at magazine@keirsey.com. We hope you
enjoy!

All the Best,

Lisa J. Choi
Creative Director
The Keirsey Group

Keirsey 2
 Table of
Contentss
THE MOST IMPORTANT
QUALITY FOR AN INVESTOR Money and Relationships 5
IS TEMPERAMENT, NOT Portrait of a Leader: Warren Buffett
INTELLECT. YOU NEED The Assessing Leader
G u a r d i a n I n s p e c t o r I S T J
A TEMPERAMENT THAT L e a d e r s h i p L e s s o n s 1 1

NEITHER DERIVES GREAT Life Journey of Warren Buffett 17

PLEASURE FROM BEING Can You Be a Billionaire?
WITH THE CROWD OR The Anatomy of a Conservative Billionare 21
AGAINST THE CROWD. W h a t M o n e y Ty p e A r e Yo u ? 29
Take the Money Type Quiz!

Q&A: How Does Age Play a Role in Temperament? 35

W h a t i s Te m p e r a m e n t ? 39
Credits 43

Keirsey 4
 Money & Relationships

ER ATE
Money & Relationships MOD 8
9
moderate RISK
10

12
11 You better be careful, it can be
great, or it can get ugly.
7
How money plays a factor in the various temperament combinations.
13
Financial stress can ruin a relationship. Be informed so that you can make better

+ Idealist + Artisan
6
financial decisions. This can make or break your bank account and your relationship.
Rational Guardian
The Rational is principled and sees The1 Guardians are savers, the
4
money as a tool. The Idealist spends Artisans are spenders. Between the

LOW RISK
5
Theres no need to worry, youre all set. money to create the ideal life and two of you, it evens out. Guardians
an ideal world. If your principles will save secretly, and Artisans will

15
and ideals match, youre likely to spend without telling.
create a wonderful life and make a
Guardian + Idealist difference. If not, you better make Solution: Its best that the Guardian
4

16
a lot of money to accommodate for handles the budget, while the
both of your desires. Artisans keep it fun.
LOW

The Guardian is sensible, the Idealist

+ Guardian

HIG
is compassionate. This creates a
5

Guardian Solution: Get on the same page

17
good recipe for using money on

H
your everyday needs while making with what matters most to you as a
3

You are both great at keeping track couple.

a difference in the world.
10

of what you make, what you spend,

and what you save. Just dont forget

18
to enjoy today.

FINA
10
20
MENT RATIO

NCIAL RISK

19
30

9
2

20
40

DANGER INDE
8
A

21
R
1

7
50
MP

22
TE

60

X
6
5 Keirsey Keirsey 6
Money & Relationships

MOD
ER ATE
9 high
10
risk When the times are good, its real good.
When it gets ugly, it gets real ugly.
8 11

+ Idealist
12
moderate RISK cont. + Rational
7
Idealist 13 Artisan
6 Two Idealists can feel like a whirlwind Both of you are terrible at keeping
of romance. Its much like building track of your money, but you both
sandcastles in the sky together. like to take risks. Youre both too

+ Idealist + Rational
When you have a financial surplus busy14 making money that you dont
Artisan 5 Guardian it feels like a fairy tale. You create have time to count it. As long as your
blissful memories, and even get to busyness is leading to results, the
Artisans and Idealists are both Guardians keep track of the small
be philanthropic. However, when need to count what youre making

spendersArtisans like to spend
it on pleasure, Idealists spend on
doing good. Both of you are unaware
4
15
stuff. Rationals are looking at the big
the money runs dry, the honeymoon is not as important. But, be careful
picture. This can either be a great
quickly becomes a distant memory. that youre not spending, investing,
way to make sure everything gets
or betting more than what your

16
of how much money you have until covered, or it can lead to a great
Solution: Work with a financial bankroll can handle.
you run out of it. deal of conflict.
LOW

planner to set up automatic savings,

HIG
retirement, and bill pay mechanisms
5

Solution: Make sure that you have

Solution: Make a lot of money so Solution: Recognize how different

17
in your bank account. Use cash or some safety reserves to pull you out

H
that it never runs out, or find a you are, celebrate those differences,
3

debit cards rather than credit cards of trouble if it comes your way. You
financial planner who can help you. and clearly define your roles on who
for your spending. When theres no cant win all of your bets, so make
10

covers what.
more in the romance fund, just hug sure to factor that in.

18
and whisper sweet nothings as you

FINA
+ Artisan
fall asleep togetherthis doesnt

10
Rational Rational
20

cost any money, but still feels

romantic.
Artisan
MENT RATIO

NCIAL RISK

19
Both of you are great at rationalizing Both of you are about fun, fun,
30

anything. The two of you combined fun! Both of you can spend, spend,

9
2

can adapt to any situation and spend! But, when the money tree
strategize yourself in and out of stops bearing fruit, it can be painful,

20
financial mess and success. painful, painful! If it gets here, your
40

DANGER INDE
8
relationship will have gone from
Solution: While you go up and down, total euphoria to utter misery.
A

21
keep a behind the scenes automatic
R

deposit mechanism going as a Solution: Chop up the credit cards,

1

7
50
P

safety net. figure out creative ways to have fun

M

22
that dont involve money. Put away
TE

as much into savings as you can and

60

X
forget about it. Play to the max with

6
your leftover play fund each month.
7 Keirsey Keirsey 8
 SUCCESSFUL INVESTING
TAKES TIME, DISCIPLINE
AND PATIENCE. NO MATTER
HOW GREAT THE TALENT
OR EFFORT, SOME THINGS
JUST TAKE TIME: YOU CANT
PRODUCE A BABY IN ONE
MONTH BY GETTING NINE
WOMEN PREGNANT.

9 Keirsey
Portrait of a Leader
Portrait of a Leader
The Assessing Leader
By Edward Kim and David Keirsey
Normally, the big investor is portrayed as
the hungry salivating wolf, with opportunistic
appetitestaking enormous risks, looking for
huge payouts, often willing to bet the entire
farm on the next biggest thing. Warren
Buffett never knew such a path. He chose
to invest his winnings, rather than invest
borrowed money. Buffett owns a diverse
range of businesses which include: insurance,
reinsurance, candy production, retail, home
furnishings, encyclopedias, vacuum cleaners,
jewelry sales, newspaper publishing,
manufacturing, distribution of uniforms,
importing and distribution of footwear,
regional electric and gas utilities, and much
more. What do these businesses all have in
common? They were all carefully inspected by
a leader who knows how to measure intrinsic
value, and they were deemed to have durable
competitive advantage, earning their place in
this Assessing Leaders portfolio.
11 Keirsey
Portrait of a Leader
He started with very little, but with what little
he had, he developed a habit of continually
investing; and with each return on his
investment, he would reinvest it. This sounds so
simple, but his disciplined approach ultimately
led him to become the wealthiest investor of all
time. The remarkable ability Buffett possesses
is the extraordinary skill to be able to assess
valuehe can measure the worth of whatever
he inspects. Buffett is known as one of the
greatest investors and businessmen of all time,
and in his latter stage of life, he has also become
a notable philanthropist by pledging to reinvest
85% of his fortune to the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation.
Guardian Inspector ISTJ
Keirsey 4
12
 Portrait of a Leader

1. Assessing Leaders have the ability to 4. Assessing Leaders assign responsibilities

calculate value with precision.
Warren Buffett can assess the value on anything like no one else.
This ability to calculate value with utter precision has made him
the richest investor of all time. At the age of six, he started with
selling soda pop, chewing gum, and magazines. He meticulously
kept track of his earnings in his savings account, along with the
money that his father gave him. As he got older, he became more
ambitious and entrepreneurial. He gathered some boys to form a
partnership to resell golf balls retrieved from the water. Warren
had a natural knack for knowing the value of money. Starting from
when he was fifteen, he filed his own taxes, claiming deductions
for his bicycle and watch as business expenses for his newspaper
route. In high school, he rented pinball machines to earn money.
He learned how to start and grow a business, and he understood
how to reinvest his earnings, and how to compound his money.
2. Assessing Leaders make it their
business to understand their business.
When Buffett first started his investment career, he invested in
newspapers and textiles. As a kid, he delivered newspapers,
and so he was well acquainted with how this business ran. Both
of these industries were in major regression or consolidation.
American textile manufacturing was moving to lower cost
labor countries, and newspapers were facing competition from
television and radio, and so smaller newspapers were fusing
into larger monopolies in most major towns. These businesses
were undervalued, and offered at bargain prices. While Wall
Street showed no interest, Buffett found these opportunities to
be attractive because assets were significantly discounted, and
cash flow could be used to invest in other businesses. His formula
was simple: Buy good businesses that you understand; Buy them
at bargain prices; Leverage earnings to reinvest in other good
businesses. His simple formula led him to buy shares of Berkshire
Hathaway at $8.00 per share (stock price in 1962) and grow its
value to $215,000.00 per share (stock price in 2015).
to those with proven track records.
Buffet has always been a great judge of character, and has
carefully assessed anyone he has brought on board. He is known
to be unusually patient in grooming a person that has potential,
but will do everything he can to remove anyone that is a barrier
to success. He assigns responsibilities to those who have proven
track records. When Buffett invested in Associated Retail Stores,
he identified Ben Rosner, one of the original founders to run the
company. Rosner was known to always have the business on his
mind, even reading store records in his bathroom, and leaving
social engagements early to address business problems that arose.
Buffett saw in Rosner the same dedication that he had. And when
he purchased the company, he made sure that Rosner would still
continue to work for him, and gave him the responsibility to run
the enterprise as he saw fit.
5. Assessing Leaders see facts as their
friends.
Warren Buffett loves facts. In making his decisions, he reviews and
remembers the facts. While most CEOs focus on the forest rather
than the trees, Buffetts way of understanding the forest is to
inspect all the trees. He read company reports as a daily discipline,
and enjoyed doing it. During the holiday season, he tracked the
daily numbers of every single Sees Candies store, Shaw Carpets,
and Borsheim. He reviewed the internet sales growth of GEICO. He
made sure to read and memorize any facts that would serve him
well in making choices about his investments. You cannot make
a sales pitch to Buffett. He is not swayed by heartfelt appeals or
innovative ideas. For Warren Buffett, the facts, and the facts alone
speak for themselves and can be trusted.

3. Assessing Leaders give high regard for

true experts and their expertise.
Warren has relied on experts from the very start. At age eleven,
he devoured a book at the library by F.C. Minaker entitled, One
Thousand Ways to Make $1000, through which, he adopted
an appreciation for compound interest. Later he learned a
related concept called, coattail-riding from Gordon Wattles.
And he has had mentors such as Phil Graham, who wrote the
Intelligent Investor. He went to Columbia where Graham taught,
and adopted the approach to buying unloved, unappreciated,
boring, and therefore, undervalued stocks that have a margin of
safety built in to the stock price. He later met Charlie Munger,
who was instrumental in refining Buffetts approach. Through
Munger, durable competitive advantage became a trademark
way of assessing the value of a company. Buffetts high regard for
expertise helped him immensely to become the worlds greatest
investor. Keirsey 14
 COLLECTION OF ASSESSING LEADERS
Guardian Inspector (ISTJ)

Andrea Mitchell Warren Buffett

Aug 30, 1930 - Present
ITS FAR BETTER TO BUY A
WONDERFUL COMPANY AT
Oct 30, 1946 - Present

A FAIR PRICE THAN A FAIR

COMPANY AT A WONDERFUL
Barbra Jordan
Feb 21, 1936 - Jan 17, 1996
Roy E. Disney
Jan 10, 1930 - Dec 16, 2009 PRICE.

Katherine Graham Harry S. Truman

Jun 16, 1917 - Jul 17, 2001 May 8, 1884 - Dec 26, 1972

Queen Eliabeth II Thurgood Marshall

Apr 21, 1926 - Present Jul 2, 1908 - Jan 24, 1993

Queen Victoria John D. Rockefeller

May 24, 1819 - Jan 22, 1901 Jul 8, 1839 - May 23,1937

15 Keirsey
 W
Portrait of a Leader Portrait of a Leader

The Assessing Leader

Rule No.1: Never lose money. Rule No.2: Never forget rule No.1. - Warren Buffett
Warren Buffett

I. EDUCATION: II. THE INVESTOR III. THE #1 U.S. INVESTOR IV. GLOBAL INVESTOR AND
BUSINESS AND INVESTING PHILANTHROPIST

WARREN BUFFETT
1930 - PRESENT

1930 1957 1975 2003

A. Making money at 5 years old A. Buffet Associates Ltd. A. Sage of Omaha A. Asia
B. Paper boy B. Berkshire Hathaway Washington Post B. Israel
C. Pin-Ball business C. Cigar butt investing American Express C. Bill & Melinda Gates
D. Carnegie: D. Charlie Munger ABC
How to Win Friends E. Buffet Limited Partners Coca-Cola
E. Benjamin Graham F. Supermoney by Adam Smith B. Reinsurance
F. GEICO C. Leveraging Name
G. Stockbroker Salomon Brothers
H. Graham-Newman AIG

17 Keirsey Keirsey 18
 IT TAKES 20 YEARS TO BUILD
A REPUTATION AND FIVE
MINUTES TO RUIN IT. IF YOU
THINK ABO UT THAT, YOULL
DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY.

19 Keirsey
 CONSERVATIVE BILLIONAIRES MAKE
THE UNPREDICTABLE PREDICTABLE
Some thrive in chaos, and feel
the rush and adrenaline of taking
big risks. When individuals create
wealth based on this kind of
high-flying, odds-defying kind of
approach, it can go either way.
They can make it big, or go broke.
The ones who do make it are seen
as lucky. Conservative Billionaires
take the opposite approach. They
CAN YOU BE A thrive when they plan, prepare, and
prioritize. In any enterprise their
BILLIONAIRE? formulas for success are carefully
determined, and they simply
enjoy utilizing the same steps
The Anatomy of a Conservative Billionaire over and over again. While many
would get bored, and feel a need
We all take different paths to create wealth. Some are born into it.
Some get lucky along the way. But, then there are those who create
it slowly, but steadily over time. These wealth makers are ruthlessly CONSERVATIVE BILLIONAIRES FOLLOW
disciplined when it comes to getting it done. They are detailed, highly THROUGH WITH PRECISION
methodical, and create repeatable processes which lead to success. The trademark path of the
What are Conservative Billionaires really like? Can you be one? Conservative Billionaire is to honor
the process by taking the correct
procedural steps. They are quiet,
straightforward, and impeccable
when it comes to establishing
details for their methods. These
leaders live in a world of rules.
Rules are adhered to, and never
violated. It is their ruthless
discipline to stick to the rules that
causes them to follow through with
precision. When they have a clear
understanding of the goal, and
have determined the steps it will
take to reach the objective, they
readily align their hard working
nature to the process. The stability,
21 Keirsey
to change it up, these individuals
seek to establish routines that lead
to predictable outcomes. These
wealth makers believe in taking a
steady approach where making
money is simply an inevitability
because the steps have already
been proven. They prefer to keep
things as clear as possible, and
therefore, avoid ambiguity as
much as they can. These leaders
make sure that there is no guess-
work in how something should be
done. In their view, clarity from
the outset reduces frustration, and
saves time.
safety, and security of a well
structured process sets them up to
simply focus on executing. When
they know what leads to success,
they see their job as doing more
of the same over and over again.
They dont question it, they just
keep doing more of it as long as it
leads to success. In working with
others, Conservative Billionaires
communicate the goal with crystal
clarity, providing the how-to
steps as well. When steps are
outlined for the team, execution is
simply a process where tasks can
be completed one after the other
with precision.
Anatomy of a Conservative Billionaire Anatomy of a Conservative Billionaire

CONSERVATIVE BILLIONAIRES KEEP

TRACK OF EVERYTHING
Step-by-step, Conservative and will not hesitate to call it
CONSERVATIVE BILLIONAIRES ARE CONSTANTLY
Billionaires apply their natural out. As soon as they notice
IMPROVING THEIR METHODS talent for being methodical noncompliance, they put
Conservative Billionaires are weary and detail-oriented. They people back into their places.
within their industry. Conservative
of get-rich-quick schemes. They move forward without missing As an enterprise grows larger,
Billionaires do not expect special
believe that slow and steady builds anything, perfecting their they continue to keep track of
treatment or favors and privileges.
a solid foundation. These leaders processes at all times. The everything. They simply have
They believe in being a part of
are patient, and will take their trademark skill for these more money to count, and
an environment that is marked
time to perfect their methods. They leaders is to set standards more people to keep in line.
by fairness and regulation. They
dont believe in leaving anything to and hold people accountable. Whether they are leading a
value time honored service and
chance. Therefore, they will make They cannot help but notice few direct reports, or several
due diligence. They dont believe
sure that they are always at the top everything. Even if they tried departments, or even regions,
in luck, for they know that luck is
of their game. They can appreciate not to notice, they cannot help they serve an enterprise best
not durable or sustainable. They
the fact that there is a bottom and themselves. They see every when they can keep everything
prefer steady growth rather than
a top. And their approach is to misstep and cannot sit idly by. on track. Their strength is found
skipping steps. Advancement
earn their way up. They are very These leaders feel that it is their in checking in with everyone on
should occur in a solid manner
diligent and hardworking. Once duty to correct those missteps. a regular basis, to make sure
without leaps. They believe that
they learn the expectations for the Conservative Billionaires want that all is being completed on
rock solid leaders can only be
advancement ladder, they will work everyone and everything to be target and on time.
reliable when there is experience
meticulously to meet expectations perfectly aligned. They have an
or credibility under their belt.
and will easily make progress unusual ability to scrutinize,
finding every misbehavior

23 Keirsey Keirsey 24
Anatomy of a Conservative Billionaire Anatomy of a Conservative Billionaire

CONSERVATIVE BILLIONAIRES CREATE LOYALTY BY

LEADING WITH FAIRNESS AND INTEGRITY
For Conservative Billionaires, weight and contributes equally
loyalty is not about a sentimental with their peers, a good ol
connection, bond, or soulmate boys or good ol girls network
like synergy. Loyalty is all about is established. Conservative
each person in their given role Billionaires are leaders of
carrying out their duty exactly leaders. They understand that it
as it should be done. Followers is only by teamwork that they can
feel good about themselves when operate at a larger scale. These
each member is contributing leaders closely examine every
in an equitable way, and being team members contribution.
compensated equitably. Fairness Everything is counted, measured,
creates a sense of belonging for and assessed. These leaders
everyone on the team. From this create a culture where all are
belonging each person becomes encouraged to keep up with
loyal to carry out all of the tasks the standard. When they can
that need to get done. The loyalty measure behavior against clearly
is less about friendship, it is about laid out metrics rather than their
getting check boxes checked off own judgments, fairness becomes
together. When each person a natural consequence.
on the team carries their own

2015 Keirsey (www.keirsey.com). The articles, Portrait of a Leader: Warren Buffett, (Guardian Inspector ISTJ), and
25 Keirsey Can You Be a Billionaire? have been adapted from the Keirsey Leadership Study conducted by the Keirsey Group. Keirsey 26
 IT IS NOT
NECESSARY TO DO
EXTRAORDINARY
THINGS TO GET
EXTRAORDINARY
RESULTS.
 W
hat do you do when you are in financial trouble? If youre like Donald
Trump (Artisan), youll just double down, over and over again, until
the next lucky break hits. If youre like Warren Buffett (Guardian),
you will put in the time to work harder, and to figure out the steps that will take
you out of your difficulties. If youre like Oprah Winfrey (Idealist), whether you
are struggling or prospering, you will still find ways to touch peoples lives. If
youre like Steve Jobs (Rational), you will keep persisting with your sheer will to
come up with an innovative idea that will bail you out.

Your reaction to financial stress depends on the way you view the world, and
we believe that based on your personality, the reaction is predictable. Stress
manifests itself differently depending on your temperament. Each temperament
has natural pitfalls that a person will tend to gravitate toward but should try
Whats your money type? to avoid. Likewise, each personality type has inherent financial strengths too.

Whats your money type? Like your saving and spending habits, how you react
during a financial crisis depends on your personality type. Determine yours by
taking this quiz.

Directions: For each question, rank the four possible answers in

numerical order, with 1 being most like you and 4 being least like you.
Use the quiz below to figure out your temperament type. Then, on the
following pages, learn how to turn your personality into profit.

29 Keirsey Keirsey 30
Whats Your Money Type?
1. I feel best about my
investing when I . . .
A. beat the odds by acting
quickly on opportunities
B. help others as well as
myself with my gains
C. have a solid financial plan
for the long haul
D. successfully implement a
complex strategy
2. When the market and
my stocks go up, I often
feel . . .
A. excited and stimulated
B. enthusiastic and inspired
being most like you and 4
C. cautious and prudent
D. skeptical and calm
3. I am most likely to
spend my spare time . . .
A. mastering a skill
B. helping people in need
C. completing errands that I
have been too busy for
D. figuring out how things
work
4. When it comes to
financial affairs, I tend to
be . . .
A. practical and opportunistic
B. compassionate and
empathetic
C. dutiful and diligent
D. efficient and pragmatic
31 Keirsey
Directions: For each
question, rank the four
possible answers in
numerical order, with 1
being least like you.
5. I most respect very
successful investors when
they . . .
A. are bold and adventurous
B. use wealth to better society
C. are frugal and responsible
D. are strategic and exercise
discernment
6. When evaluating a
certain investment, I rely
on . . .
A. my gut instincts
B. my friends
C. bottom-line facts
D. logic and reasoning
7. When I retire, I intend
to seek out more . . .
A. adventures
B. self-development
C. time with family
D. knowledge
8. Im most self-confident
when I can be . . .
A. adaptable and flexible
B. genuine and authentic
C. honorable and respected
D. ingenious and innovative
9. I am most likely to
spend a tax refund on . . .
A. my favorite hobby
B. helping my friends
C. strengthening my financial
security
D. buying a tech gadget
10. I appreciate it when
others . . .
A. surprise me with generosity
B. recognize my true self
C. express their gratitude
D. ask me what I think
11. I feel best about
myself when . . .
A. Im graceful in action
B. Im engaged deeply with
others
C. Im rock-solid dependable
D. I exercise my ingenuity
12. Im more inclined to go
with . . .
A. my impulses and whims
B. my intuitions and intimations
C. customs and traditions
D. pure reason and formal logic
13. Im sometimes eager
to . . .
A. make an impression and
have an impact
B. lose myself in romantic
dreams
C. be a valued and legitimate
team member
D. discover a breakthrough
idea
14. My view of the future
can be summed up as . . .
A. I bet something lucky will
turn up.
B. I believe in peoples innate
goodness.
C. You just cant be too
careful.
D. Its best to keep your eyes
wide open.
Score yourself: Add your totals for each letter. The lowest score is the type thats
most like you, and the highest score is the type thats least like you.
A. Total
ARTISAN
For a more comprehensive assessment of your personality profile, take the Keirsey
Temperament Sorter at www.keirsey.com.
15. The person Id like to
become . . .
A. is famous and celebrated
B. can engage others deeply
C. is highly respected
D. has deep insight and
knowledge
16. I perform best at work
when I . . .
A. get to be hands-on and
constantly on the move
B. have the opportunity to
bring out the best in people
C. make it through my entire
to-do list each day
D. am called upon to solve a
complex problem
17. To guide my actions, I
look primarily at . . .
A. immediate advantages
B. future possibilities
C. past experience
D. necessary and sufficient
conditions
B. Total C. Total
IDEALIST GUARDIAN
Whats Your Money Type?
18. When thinking about
misfortune, I . . .
A. usually laugh it off
B. often wonder why
C. try to make the best of it
D. view it from a wide
perspective
19. On a date with
someone I am attracted
to, I find myself . . .
A. trying to impress and woo
the person Im with
B. seeking to connect and
engage at deeper levels
C. making sure that I am
honorable and respectful
D. gauging how intelligent the
person is
20. My motto in life is . . .
A. Go big, go hard, go all the
way.
B. Seek to be your best self.
C. Never find yourself
unprepared.
D. Always look at the big
picture.
D. Total
RATIONAL
Whats Your Money Type?
THE ARTISAN
30% of the population
For you, money means a new flat
screen TV, the hottest show tickets,
a Range Roverwhatever you
want right now. As an Artisan, you
see life as one big game, and a fat
bank account proves that you won
this round. Saving seems pointless,
and traditional investing strategies
are a total snooze. The price: Of all
the types, youre the most prone
to serious debt. And when things
go really bad, you risk hitting auto-
destruct, drinking, eating, gambling,
or smoking yourself into oblivion.
Your way to beat money stress:
Artisans are action heroes brought
to life. They know how to improvise
using personal connections and
pure charm. (While Guardians are
ashamed to ask lenders for new
terms, Artisans pride themselves
on their negotiation skills.) Tough
times also call for discipline, though,
and you may find that difficult. So
discipline yourself in ways that
fit your personality. Auto-deposit
money into savings and retirement
accounts so youre not tempted to
spend. And while youre working off
debt, give yourself a few bucks to
play with each month. If youre so
austere that youre making yourself
miserable, you wont stick with the
plan.
33 Keirsey
THE IDEALIST
15% of the population
For you, money is a stepping-stone to
your higher calling. Idealists are the
healers, teachers, activists, and gurus
of the world. Youre on a ceaseless
mission to improve yourself and the
people who matter to you, and if
someone decides to pay you along
the way, so much the better. But in
caring for the world, you may forget
to take care of yourself. Your lack
of concern for money can leave
you broke at retirement, and your
generosity can push you into debt.
You tend to be so optimistic that
when things go bad financially, you
might stay in denial. Or you may feel
guilty that youve let others down.
Your way to beat money stress:
Ups and downs in the economy
dont upset you as much if youre an
Idealist. But a job loss can be especially
hard, because your work gives you
a sense of meaning. Some Idealists
will head for the mountaintop
literally or figurativelyto seek the
larger lesson behind the setback.
Thats fine. Just dont forget to come
down. Youve done a lot to help
people, and as a result you have
the biggest support network of all
the temperaments. Lean on your
friends for job leads and references.
Youre an optimist, so get out there
and start creating a better tomorrow
for yourself.
THE GUARDIAN
45% of the population
For you, money is a path to security
for you and your family. You read
financial-planning books, save
steadily, keep a budget, and are
insured to the max. Your investments
tend to be very conservative. Hard
financial times can hit Guardians
hardest. Of the four temperaments,
theyve done the most to avoid
financial distress. So when trouble
arises, it can be extremely frustrating
and disappointing. Your immediate
reaction will be to find someone to
blame, or to blame yourself. If youre
a Guardian, a layoff makes you feel
irresponsible; debt makes you feel
ashamed. You may feel like youre
spiraling toward depression.
Your way to beat money stress:
First, vent a little. Youve done a lot
for your family and friends, and they
wont mind indulging you. Next, let a
financial expert chart a new course
for you. Guardians like plans. Theyre
the most likely of all the types to
follow through, since sacrifice comes
naturally to them. If the plan is from
an expert, youll find comfort in taking
some sensible risks, than to play it
totally safe out of fear. If youve fallen
into depression, the best way out is
to get out of bed and do something
productive. Guardians often find
that taking action is the best remedy
for recovery.
Whats Your Money Type?
THE RATIONAL
10% of the population
For you, money is proof of your
superior brainpower. People may find
you cold, distant, or absentminded,
but peoples opinions of you dont
really matter to you because you are
completely self-defined. You may
be as smart as you thinkRationals
value and seek knowledge. Rationals
choose riskier investments because
they look more at the upside. When
things turn south, however, they can
feel like failures. (A lot of those Wall
Street geniuses whose elaborate
risk models failed so spectacularly
throughout history were probably
Rationals.) If youre a Rational, youre
also prone to paralysis by analysis.
You obsess over what went wrong
or what could go wrong. Either way,
youre standing when you should be
running.
Your way to beat money stress:
You have a talent for staying cool. And
tough times may be easier for you
because you value ideas and results
over bling. But avoid being the mad
scientist who keeps persisting with
an idea even when inevitable failure
is lurking around the corner. Be
willing to change course midflight,
adapting your strategy to fit any
emerging challenge. Youll quickly
learn that your intelligence will carry
you through. You dont need to
spend a year analyzing a situation.
Often, an hour will do.
Keirsey 34
 Q&A How Does Your Age Affect Temperament?
D oes age affect your perspective?
Its obvious that there are insights
you gain from being part of one
generation as opposed to another,
ARTISAN but what does it look like when we
consider peoples temperaments? Dr.
Keirsey believed that temperament
trumps age. What does that mean?
At Keirsey our research on human
behavior indicates that depending
on your temperament, you will find
more similarity between someone of
a different generation if they are the
same temperament than you would
with someone of the same generation
if they are of a different temperament.
In other words, if you are in your
eighties, and your temperament is
an Artisan, you will have far more in
common with an Artisan in their fifties
then you would with another person
that is a Guardian who is also in their
eighties.
35 Keirsey
ARTISAN
For example, Hugh Hefner (an Artisan;
age 88) has far more in common
with Mark Cuban (an Artisan; age 56)
then he would with Warren Buffett
(a Guardian; age 84). Even though
Hefner and Buffett are a part of the
same generation, and Hefner and
Cuban are from different generations,
Hefner and Cuban would be far more
similar in terms of what drives them,
how they communicate, how they
approach problems and issues, the
way they engage others, the way
they think, the way they process
information, their greatest strengths
and weaknesses, and their overall
GUARDIAN
perspective. It has everything to do
with temperament rather than their
age.
 CALL FOR
SUBMISSIONS

Artists & Photographers

The vision of the Keirsey Magazine is to communicate transformative
ideas and concepts through visual language. We are seeking to address
an audience who are not only interested in learning by reading, but we
are a community of learners who communicate visually through art and
photography. We are calling all artists and photographers to submit their
work so that our community can learn through your creativity. We are
especially interested in the following types of art and photography:
(1) Visual images that represent life, connection, and people (2)
Portraits (3) Love & Relationships (4) Nature (5) Culture (6) Conceptual
Photography (7) Dance (Art of movement). Any selected submissions will
be featured in future Keirsey magazine issues. Send your submissions to
creative.expressions@keirsey.com.

Thank you for your submissions!

37 Keirsey Keirsey 38
 WHAT IS TEMPERAMENT?
Temperament is a configuration of observable personality traits,
such as habits of communication, patterns of action, and sets of
characteristic attitudes, values, and talents. It also encompasses
personal needs, the kinds of contributions that individuals make in
the workplace, and the roles they play in society. Dr. David Keirsey
has identified humankinds four basic temperaments as the Artisan,
the Guardian, the Idealist, and the Rational.

39
39 Keirsey Keirsey 40
 GUARDIAN
Guardians value experience, security, authority, and respectability. They
have logistical talents in establishing processes, executing methodically,
managing goods and services, and upholding standards. They seek higher
levels of responsibility and clear paths to advancement. Guardians
express themselves earnestly while observing traditions,
following rules, and taking part in societal activities. They
need routines, stable structures, familiar processes,
and clearly defined procedures to do their best work.
Guardians can be counted on to mind the store,
attending to the details of a project, diligently
seeing it through to completion.
CONCRETE
Artisans value potency, generosity, creativity,
and adaptability. They have tactical talents in
sales, marketing, operations, various forms of art,
working with their hands, trouble-shooting, and crisis
management. They seek stimulation, adventure, variety,
and time/space to perfect their skills. Artisans express
themselves excitedly while making deals, taking risks, playing
games, and entertaining others. They need freedom to act on
impulse, and flexibility in their work to make spontaneous decisions.
Artisans can be counted on to just do it, improvising actions, seizing
opportunities, and forging onward when others have given up.
ARTISAN
IDEALIST
Idealists value meaning, integrity, and human development. They have
diplomatic talents in mentoring and guiding personal development,
resolving conflicts, and improving communication. They seek relational
harmony, good feelings, and self improvement. Idealists express
themselves enthusiastically while championing causes and
inspiring others to reach their full potential. They need
PERATIVE
meaningful work, relational connection, and a personal,
O O imaginative work environment. Idealists can be counted
C
on to see the best in people, nurturing warm, loving
relationships and finding new possibilities.
ABSTRACT
Rationals value knowledge, competence, reason,
UT and achievement. They have strategic talents in
ILITARIAN complex planning, structural design, reframing
arguments, exploring theoretical concepts, and
systems analysis. They seek efficiency, intellectual
stimulation, and solutions to problems. Rationals
express themselves calmly while critiquing and questioning
the status quo, always insisting on a logical basis for action.
They need worthwhile challenges, and autonomy to be able to solve
complex problems. Rationals can be counted on to think outside the box,
offering innovative ideas and strategies for accomplishing well-defined long
term goals.
RATIONAL
 CHOI, LISA
Creative Director & Designer
Artisan Promoter ESTP

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Klauer, Florian. Typewriter.
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Warren Buffett of Berkshire
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43 Keirsey Keirsey 44
 Our mission is to change the
world by helping people
understand each other.

2015 Keirsey