WRITTEN

REPORT IN
GENERAL
BIOLOGY 2
(SKELETAL SYSTEM)
I. Description and function of Skeletal System

Skeletal system definition. The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective
tissues, which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organs. The human skeleton
contains 206 bones, six of which are the tiny bones of the middle ear (three in each ear) that
function in hearing.

The skeletal system's primary function is to form a solid framework that supports and protects
the body's organs and anchors the skeletal muscles. The bones of the axial skeleton act as a
hard shell to protect the internal organssuch as the brain and the heartfrom damage
caused by external forces.

The skeletal system supports and protects the body while giving it shape and form. This system
is composed of connective tissues including bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. Nutrients
are provided to this system through blood vessels that are contained within canals in bone. The
skeletal system stores minerals, fats, and produces blood cells. Another major role of the
skeletal system is to provide mobility. Tendons, bones, joints, ligaments and muscles work in
concert to produce various movements.

II. Diagram
III. Parts and Functions

IV.

Related Diseases

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is one disease of the skeletal system. It is characterized by an abnormally high decrease in
the amount of bone tissue in the skeleton (see picture below). This decrease in bone mass substantially
reduces the amount of strength that bones have. These brittle bones are far more susceptible to fracture
than strong bones. Osteoporosis is usually clinically "silent" until a fracture occurs. Decreased bone mass
is one of the leading causes of bone fracture in the country.

Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is another disease of the skeletal system. It may originate in the bones or spread there from
another part of the body. Only about one percent of cancer cases in the country is bone cancer. It usually
occurs in people under the age of twenty. Most of the cases found in older adults have been spread from
elsewhere in the body. The symptoms of bone cancer are a localized swelling and a dull ache. Because
it has such symptoms, bone cancer is often mistaken for a bruise and is overlooked. Since the symptoms
are so easily misinterpreted, the disease is many times not diagnosed until after metastasis has occurred.
Prompt surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy treatment usually leads to complete recovery.

Arthritis

Arthritis is a group of more than one hundred inflammatory diseases that damage joints and their
surrounding structures. The most common symptoms of arthritis include pain, some disability, and
inflammation. Arthritis may be located in joints, joint capsules, the surrounding tissue, or throughout the
body. It usually affects the joints of the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back, hips, or knees. Inflammation
in the joints can give adverse effects on other organ or systems. The causes of arthritis vary. In young
people it often occurs as a result of trauma, infections, or a rheumatic or immune reactions

Rickets

Rickets is a nutritional disorder found in children that leads to skeletal deformities. The disease comes
about as a result of a low amount of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorous, all of which are vital to bone
development. Rickets is characterized by the improper hardening or development of bones. It often leaves
children with bowed legs, swollen joints, muscle pain, a curved spine, or a swollen skull due to softened
bones. Preventing rickets is easily accomplished through vitamin D supplements and moderate exercise

Leukemia

Leukemia is a cancer influenced heavily by the skeletal system. Although it is a condition that primarily
affects the blood, leukemia is still associated with the skeleton because it begins in the marrow of the
bone. The exact causes of leukemia are unknown, but there are many factors that have empirically been
shown to increase one's risk of getting the disease. Several environmental factors, including certain
chemicals and radiation, may cause leukemia.

V. Health Awareness

1. Take care of your bones

2. Eat proper food.
3. Do exercise
4. Start caring about your bones.
5. Drink milk