Md.

Saidur Rahman
Bangladesh Railway
srmilan@gmail.com
+8801712119998
 Contents
Dhaka City: At A Glance
Interaction of Urbanization with Population Growth
Present Traffic Scenario
Expenditure in Transport Sector
Consequences of Present Transportation System
What will be the Future of Dhaka?
Rationale to Introduce MRT System
Proposed MRT System for Dhaka
Transport Infrastructure Development Scenario
Budget: Financing Plan
Planning for Implementation
Q&As
 Dhaka City: At A Glance
Facts & Figures
Dhakas Area: 815 km (DCC) & 1529 km (RAJUK)
Population: 16.7 million (Male to Female ratio: 1.27)
RAJUK AREA Density: 12,000-15,000/km2 in DCC boundary and
40,000/km2 in old Dhaka
Literacy rate: 60.3 (as May 2000)
60% lands of DCC is under private ownership
DMA 70% families in Dhaka city do not own any land
50% land is privately owned by 10% family
GDP: US$ 4.8 billion (2000)
Dhakas contribution to countrys GDP: > 15%.
DCC Per Capita Income: $872 (as 2001)
Poverty incidence: 47%

o 50% of the population

aged 10+ years
o Work force: : 77%
Informal activities: 24%
Household work: 28%
Other Services: 25%
o Unemployed: 23%
 Interaction of Urbanization with Population Growth

Land Use: DCC Area

Roads & Open
Transport Space
10% 10%
Residential
45%
Administrati
ve &
Institutiona Commercial In 1985, Dhaka
l & Industrial was the 31st
20% 15% largest city in
the world

During the last four decades Dhaka has

recorded a phenomenal growth in terms of
population and area. The additional population
in coming decades will add new dimensions to
the urban fabric of Dhaka.

Although Dhakas area is less than 1% of the

countrys total land area, it supports about 10% of
the total population and 30% of the total urban
population.
Interaction of Urbanization with Population Growth
Population Projection: 2009-2025

Year 2001 2009 2015 2020 2025

Population (Million)
RAJUK 10.62 14.51 18.08 21.46 25.41
DMA 6.48 9.15 11.42 13.46 15.66
Increased Population (Million)
RAJUK 2009-2025 10.90
DMA 2009-2025 6.51
Growth Rate (%)
RAJUK 3.98 3.73 3.48 3.44
DMA 4.40 3.75 3.34 3.08
Outside DMA 3.29 3.69 3.72 4.04
Source: DHUTS Study, 2011
 Present Traffic Scenario

Road-based transportation system

3000 km road network (about 7% of land area)
Mixed mode transports on the same roadway

Only 400 kms footpath of which 40% are being occupied illegally

Totally absence of bi-cycle lanes as well as safe walkways for pedestrians

37-km long rail-road passes through the heart of the city but little
contribution to citys transport system

City surrounding potential waterways, but have limited contribution

as well.
About 2% households own a bicycle

More than 200 open markets on the streets and 3000 shopping malls
besides roads without adequate parking provisions
 Present Traffic Scenario
Road Transport Statistics
No. of bus routes: 66 & designated bus
stoppages: 230 in the city (July 2004)
Signals are manually controlled and only
2,226 traffic policemen to control the
traffic
2 flyovers (another 2 under construction),
26 foot-over bridges and 3 underpasses
in the city
500 buses/hr/direction in some places

At 24 locations peak passenger volume

10,000-20,000/hr/dir (2004)

Road Category

Type Km %
Primary 200 7
Secondary 110 4
Feeder 150 5
Narrow 2540 85
Total 3000 100
 Present Traffic Scenario
Road Transport Statistics
MVs: 603,166 (Dec 2010) [Country: 1.5 million]
42,850 new MVs add annually
Around 20,000 vehicles/hr in some locations Others

Rickshaws: 500,000 of only 79,000 licensed Motor Cycle

96%
Over 9000 large buses & 8500 minibuses ply on Auto-rickshaw 24%
citys roads under 750 individual owners Truck

2000 intercity buses in operation Minibus

Buses comprise 3% of all vehicles but carry Bus 174%

60% people Taxi
Microbus/St.
Private car comprises 28% (80% of the country) Wagon/Jeep 89%
and motor cycle 41% of all vehicles Motor car 80%

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004

Motorized Transport in Dhaka as of Dec 2010
300,000 249,707 100
Number % composition % Country_Total
90
250,000
80
166,840

70
200,000
60
Around 11,000 taxis are in operation under 60
150,000 50
%
companies ownership
40
Around 34,500 trucks under 300 ownership
Pedestrian volume
65,295

100,000
30
42,132

Peak hour: 1,000-3,000

34,558

20
16,182
10,682

50,000 (5,000/hour in some places)

9,311

8,459

10
Daily volume:10,000-20,000
0 0
(30,000-50,000 in some places)
Truck

Others
Motor car

Bus

Minibus

Auto-rickshaw
Microbus/St.

Motor Cycle
Taxi
Wagon/Jeep
 Present Traffic Scenario
Trip Production (daily trip)

Total number of trips in DMA: 23 million trips per day

12.0

10.0 8.4
7.5
No. of Trips (Million)

8.0

6.0 4.1

4.0
1.2 1.6
2.0 0.5

0.0
r s rs
al
k
Ca ha
w aw Bu e
W k s k sh i c th
c bl O
ic Ri
o
R Pu
t
Au

Average trip length by MT is 5.37 km

MT shares 42% and NMT shares

58% of total person trips
 Present Traffic Scenario
Walk Car Auto-Rickshaw Rickshaw Public Bus Group Users
100- 7% 34% 2% 27% 17%

95-100 9% 29% 1% 28% 18% 1st Group

90-95 7% 17% 1% 44% 15%
Income: more than 50,000Tk
85-90 5% 23% 4% 32% 20%
Share of
80-85 9% 20% 1% 39% 18%
Car+Auto-Rickshaw:
75-80 7% 17% 3% 30% 27%

10% 15% 3% 35% 23%

more than 20%
70-75
Share of Walk: 10%
HH Income (Tk1,000/month)

65-70 9% 11% 3% 39% 25%

60-65 10% 13% 3% 39% 24%

55-60 11% 9% 2% 37% 31%

2nd Group
50-55 11% 10% 3% 40% 26%

45-50 11% 6% 2% 42% 28%

Income: 20,000 50,000 Tk
40-45 13% 6% 2% 40% 31%
Share of
35-40 14% 4%2% 41% 32% Car+Auto-Rickshaw:
30-35 16% 3%2% 43% 28% from 5 to 20%
25-30 17% 1%
2% 41% 31% Share of Walk: 10 - 20%
20-25 19% 1%
2% 43% 29%

15-20 23% 1%
1% 41% 29%

10-15 31% 1%
1% 36% 28%
3rd Group
5-10 36% 2%
1% 34% 25% Income: less than 20,000Tk
0-5 37% 2%
0% 31% 27% Share of
Car+Auto-Rickshaw:
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
less than 5%
Walk Car Private Bus Auto Rickshaw Rickshaw Share of Walk: 20 - 40%
10Truck Railw ay Public Bus Waterw ay
 Present Traffic Scenario
Idea of running railways as a social arm of the Railway Network
government rather than as a business
Inadequate government policy - lack of
budgetary provision
Manifested in declining market share,
adverse operating indicator, and reduced
revenue generation.
Contribution to Urban Transport is very small

Tongi-Kamlapur: 23 km and Kamlapur-

Narayanganj: 14 km with 10 stations

60+ trains run daily between Tongi and Kamlapur

at grade level and cause traffic congestion at
several points

28,000 passengers/day @ Kamlapur Station

ICD handles 70,000 containers/year and 2

trains/day run between Dhaka and Port city
Chittagong, now under a proposal to relocate
outside Dhaka city

Existing Commuter Services:

Turag Commuter
Gazipur Dhaka (Kamalapur)
Dhaka Narayanganj Commuter
Dhaka (Kamalapur) Narayanganj
10 Pair Train trips is in operation
 Present Traffic Scenario
Waterways Development

A potential source for

future integrated transport
system

Abundant supply of
waterways surrounding
Dhaka City

Prospective circular
waterways @ US$ 50
millions
 Expenditure in Transport Sector
Road development has received the major attention of government.
Sector / Year 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04
Total USD (millions) 52.9 76.1 58.7 70.7 121.0
Roadway (%) 98.96 90.10 88.98 91.18 86.71
Railway (%) 1.04 9.64 10.24 7.07 9.07
Waterway (%) 0 0.26 0.78 1.75 4.22
 Consequences of Present Transportation System
Excessive traffic congestion - average speed is 13.6 kmh (2004)

Average cost of transport ranges from about 8% of household income for high
income groups to 17% for low income groups

Cost of congestion and accidents - US$ 520 million/annum

- 1-2% of GDP as 1992 determined by WB
The economic loss associated with health problems range from a low estimate of
US$ 60 million to a high estimate of US$ 270 million, equivalent to 1.7% to 7.5%
of the city's grows product

Air pollution and noise level 4 (in 1-10 scale)

Lead concentration in the city air 10 times higher than the government safety limit
The city's average SPM levels are about 2 times higher than the BD standard of
200 g/m3 in residential areas and are more than 10 times higher than the WHO
guidelines of 120 g/m3 (24 hours) in commercial areas

Road accident fatalities 400/annum- 25 times higher than most industrialized

countries
77 deaths per 10,000 vehicles in Bangladesh while 40 deaths in India & in most
developed countries < 5 deaths per 10,000 vehicles (2.2. in Germany and the
US, 1.4 in the UK, and 1.6 in Japan)
Percentage of road fatalities who are pedestrians is 60% in urban areas
Consequences of Present Transportation System

Potential of Railway is
under utilized

Unplanned city development

 What will be the Future of Dhaka?

Population will be 25.41 million in 2025

from 16.70 million in 2011
Total person trips will be 70
million/day in 2024 from 23 million/day
in 2010

IS MRT Required
for Dhaka?
 Rationale to Introduce MRT System

Traffic demand in Dhaka area is very huge

while transport capacity is not much supplied

Auto
Location Bus Car Rickshaw No of PAX
Rickshaw

Sat. Masjid 319,373 66,807 13,573 56,753 456,506

Mirpur Road 684,202 110,931 36,740 7,552 839,426
Kazi Nazrul Islam
857,193 130,465 53,613 4,121 1,045,392
Avenue
Shaheed Tazuddin Road 549,365 90,023 50,120 12,345 701,854
DIT Road 343,841 34,333 13,131 35,257 426,561
Total 2,753,975 432,559 167,177 116,028 3,469,739

Source; JICA Study Team based on traffic survey

 Rationale to Introduce MRT System

Existingroad-based transport system will not be

able to solve any traffic problems
Peak Hour
Capacity (PCU Congestion
Location Traffic Volume
/ Hour) Degree
(PCU/h)
Sat. Masjid Corridor 4,203 2,800 1.50
Mirpur Road 5,840 4,200 1.39
Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue 7,262 5,600 1.30
Shaheed Tazuddin Road 5,465 4,200 1.30
DIT Road 4,281 2,800 1.53
Total 27,052 19,600 1.38

Source; JICA Study Team

Proposed MRT System for Dhaka
STP Recommendations

MRT based on Metro and BRT

@ US$ 5.2 bn

BRT:
Red-16,000 pphd (2024); 3-4th
year
Blue- 34,000 pphd; 4th year
Yellow-18,000 pphd; 5-6th year
Metro:
Green-aligned with existing
railway corridor; 62,00 pphd;
11th yr.
Brown-circular; 40,000
th
pphd;12 year
Purple-62,000 pphd; 15-17th
year

+ 50 Road Projects
Proposed MRT System for Dhaka Newly Proposed MRT Routes

Metro Line
Line 4: Uttara-Saidabad
along BR-with extesion to
Gazipur and Narayanganj
Line 5: Circle Line Gulshan-
Mirpur-Rampura
Line 6: Pallabi-National
Assebly-Saidabad-with
extension to Uttara Phase 3
Long term Metro line:
- Savar-Purbachal (West-East)
- Extension of Line 6 up to Tarabo
- Tongi-Narayanganj(Eastern Fringe)
Proposed MRT System for Dhaka
Outline of Metro Routes
 Proposed MRT System for Dhaka
Route & Station Plan of Metro
Route 6

Origin Uttara: Phase 3

Destination: Saidabad
Total Length: 22.1 km
Cost: $1.7 bn
Number of Station: 18 stations
Proposed MRT System for Dhaka
Proposed BRT Routes

BRT Line
Line 1: Purbachal- DIT - Circular
Road- Saidabad Route
Line 2: Gaboli-Mirpur Road-
Saidabad Route
Line 3: Uttara-Airport Road-
Ramna & Gulistan Area-Old
Dhaka Route

As for BRT Line, Line 3

(Yellow line) was selected
as 1st priority corridor based
on the pre F/S study.(CASE
Project)
 Transport Infrastructure Development Scenario

Long Term Metro Corridor Plan: Satellite

Toward 2025 Communities

Development of Metro Corridor

connecting existing urban centers
with satellite communities

East-west Metro corridor: Savar

- Uttara - Perbachal. Urban
Core
North-south Metro corridor:
Tongi Uttara Mirpur - Old City Major
Saidabad - Tarabo Centers
Eastern Fringe Metro Corridor:
Tongi East Fringe -Narayanganj
Transit Corridor
Transport Infrastructure Development Scenario
 Transport Infrastructure Development Scenario

2009 Short-term Mid-term 2020 Long-term 2025

Traffic
Management
DHAKA MRT SYSTEM

Mogh Bazar Jatarabari

Flyover Flyover

BRT Line 3 BRT Line 1 & 2

Development Development

METRO Line 6 (Uttara METRO Line 4 & 5

Phase 3 to Saidabad )
Development Development

East-West Corridor,
Eastern Corridor
MRT Development
26
 Budget: Financing Plan

Dhaka affords $100 million/year i.e. $2 billions over

20 years for transport

An increase of the Govt.s share to the budget has

to be by min 50% over previous years

Donor funding target has to be increased by

another 50%

Aggressive involvement of Pvt. Sectors

 Planning for Implementation

Infrastructure Planning Institutional Planning

Urban Development Institution / Organization

Public Transport Institutional Set up

Power and function of DMTA
BRT (WB) Organizational structure
MRT
Regular Bus
Law / Regulation
Urban Road
Constitutional and
Road Network
Legislative Framework
Expressway Plan
Flyover Plan

Inter-Modal Facilities Implementation Method

Bus Terminal
Government financing
Mode Interchange Plan
PPP, BOT, Concession
Traffic Management
Traffic Engineering
Traffic Management
Traffic Safety
Hope to see you

In a Metro Rail
at Dhaka!!!