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25
AOS
Instamos a los gobiernos
nacionales y la comunidad
internacional a apoyar este
proceso [agenda post-2015] y
proporcionar los recursos
necesarios para proteger a los
nios y nias de la violencia, el
abuso y la explotacin en
contextos de emergencia y
procesos de desarrollo. En
todos los pases deben
establecerse sistemas de
proteccin infantil inclusivos,
sostenibles y debidamente
financiados que cuenten con una
slida inversin en programas de
proteccin social que aborden
las causas de violaciones de
los derechos de la infancia, que
promuevan el acceso universal
a servicios sociales bsicos que
ayuden a las familias a cuidar y
proteger a sus hijos e hijas, as
como salvaguardar los derechos
de los nios y nias que
requieran asistencia y cuidados
alternativos.

Comit de los Derechos del Nio


de las Naciones Unidas,
noviembre 2013

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