DYNAMICS OF FLUIDS

Dr. Ing. Toribio Marcos Reyes Rodrguez, Ph.D.

2017
I. Kinematics of Fluids
 Pathlines

Pathline is a trajectory traced by the single fluid

particle during its flow.
 Streamline
Streamline is a curve such that a tangent drawn on this curve
represents the direction of velocity at that point.

V x dr = 0
Osculatory plane
 Problems
Problem 1:

The velocity field is given by:

V = xi + 2yj + (5 z)k

Find the current line passing through (2,1,1)

Answer:
=2

2x = 5 - z
Problem 2:

The velocity field is given by:

V = 3i 4j

Determine the unit vector normal to the current line in

a flat flow.

Answer:
= 0.8 + 0.6
Problem 3:

The velocity field is given by:

= 2 + 2j

Find the current line corresponding

Answer:
2 2
2
+ 2=

Problem 4:

The velocity field is given by:

= 2 2

Determine the acceleration in (-1, 2) m

Answer:

= 8 + 16
Streamline
Streamline
Streamline
 Streakline

It is an instantaneous position of fluids that have passed

through a fixed point of the flow field. It is also called trace
line.
 Classification of fluid flows
a) According to the temporal variation
1) Permanent or stationary flow

=0

2) Non permanent or non stationary flow

0

 Classification of fluid flows
b) According to the spatial variation
1) Uniform flow

=0

2) Non uniform flow

0

 Classification of fluid flows
c) According to the compressibility
1) Compressibility flow

0

Gases: M > 0.3

2) Incompressibility flow

=0

Gases: M 0.3
 Incompressible fluid

In an incompressible fluid the density of the particle remains

constant while moving in a flow field (Potter, 1999)
Classification of fluid flows

Figure 1. Non uniform flow

 Classification of fluid flows
a) According to the viscosity
1) Viscous flow

Figure 2. Viscous flow

 Classification of fluid flows
2) Non-viscous flow

Figure 3. Non - Viscous flow

Type of flow according to viscosity
Derivative material

= +



Tensor of efforts
 Acceleration of a fluid particle
The acceleration of a particle of a fluid in its matrix form is given by

= +



 Acceleration of a fluid particle
The acceleration of a particle of a fluid in its scalar form is
given by:

= + + +

= + + +

= + + +

 Problem
It is slowly added salt to the water of a pipe so that

= 0.01 /4

Determine if the velocity is equal to 4 m/s.

Answer: 0.04 kg/m3.s

 Problem
The temperature changes periodically in a flow according to

, = 20 1 2 cos( ) C. If the speed is given by
100
= 2 1 2 / , determine the rate of change of the
temperature of a particle at y = 0, t = 20 s.

Answer: - 0.3693 C/s

 Problem
For the speed field indicated:

10 10
= 2 2
+ 2 + 2
Determine:
a) Acceleration of the fluid particle

b) The pressure gradient

Answer:
100
= 2 +
+ 2 2

100
= 2 +
+ 2 2
II. Kinetics of Fluids
Differential equation of continuity

+ . = 0

Problem
Integral equation of continuity

+ ( . ) = 0

Problems
Problems
 Navier Stokes's Equation

= + + .

= 2 = 2 = 2

= = + = = +

= = +

= + + 2

Euler's Equation

= +

= ( + )

 Euler's Equation
The scalar equations of Euler are:

+ + + =

+ + + =

+ + + =

The linear momentum equation
 (1 2 ) 1 + 2
=
2
Bernoullis equation

2
+ + =
2
 Problem

Answer: -58.7 kPa

Problem
Problem
Several Problems

Answer: 9.3 m/s, 68 kN/m

Several Problems
The linear momentum equation

Answer: b) 2280 N
 Bibliography
Beer, F, Johnston, E, Cornwell, P. Dinmica. Mxico: McGraw Hill, 2010

Fox, Mcdonalds. Fluid mechanics. USA: John & Willey Sons , 2011.

Hibbeler, R. Dynamics. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010

Meriam, J, Kraige, L. Dynamics. USA: John & Willey Sons , 2012.

Potter, M, Wiggert, D, Ramadan, B. Mechanics of fluids. Stamford: Cengage

Learnig, 2012.

Shames, I. Mecnica de Fluidos. Colombia: McGraw Hill, 1995

White, F. Fluid mechanic s. New York: McGraw - Hill, 2008.

Thanks Very Much