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The different names for phosphate salts. Standardization buffers pH 4 and pH 7. Ph range of some buffer systems.
Making up buffer solutions by adding an adjuster solution (acid or base) to a known volume and concentration of a
primary salt solution. Potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen
phosphate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, sodium acetate,sodium tetraborate, tris aminomethane.
Related link:
Analysis Buffers
For EDTA titrations
For Fluoride (TISAB)
For Determination of Fe.
On this page: Click the links below to jump to the relevant info:
The preparation of pH buffer solutions
acetate buffers
phosphate buffers
solid mixture buffers
Phosphates
Phosphate salts are known by several names and the correct phosphate must be used to prepare buffer solutions.
One phosphate cannot be substituted for another phosphate. Check formula of salt to be certain
Standardization buffers
For pH=7.00 :
Add 29.1 ml of 0.1 molar NaOH to 50 ml 0.1 molar potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Alternatively :
Dissolve 1.20g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.885g of disidium hydrogen phosphate in 1 liter volume distilled water.
Alternatively :
Dissolve 8.954g of disodium hydrogen phosphste.12 H2O and 3.4023g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1 liter volume
distilled water.
This page gives tabulated info on the preparation of buffers by mixing adjusters
with a known volume of the primary salt solution, and made up to 200ml with distilled water. ./.
This page gives tabulated info on the preparation of buffers by mixing adjusters
with a known volume of the primary salt solution, and made up to 200ml with distilled water.
./.
BUFFERS pH 8 - 13
Buffer F: pH 8.0 - 9.10 Buffer G : Buffer H : Buffer I : Buffer J :
pH 9.2 - 10.80 pH 9.60 - 11.00 pH 10.90 - 12.00 pH 12.00 - 13.00
100 mL 0.025 M 100 mL 0.025 M 100 mL 0.05 M 100 mL 0.05 M 50 mL 0.2 M KCl +
Na2B4O7.10H2O (borax) Na2B4O7.10H2O (borax) NaHCO3 + mls of Na2HPO4 + mls of volume indicated (in
+ mls of 0.1 M HCl. + mls of 0.1 M NaOH. 0.1 M NaOH. 0.1 M NaOH. mL) 0.2 M NaOH.
pH mls of 0.1M HCl pH mls of 0.1M NaOH pH mls of 0.1M pH mls of 0.1M pH mls of 0.2M
added added NaOH NaOH NaOH added
added added
8.00 41.0 9.20 1.8 9.60 10.0 10.90 6.6 12.00 12.0
8.10 39.4 9.30 7.2 9.70 12.4 11.00 8.2 12.10 16.0
8.20 37.6 9.40 12.4 9.80 15.2 11.10 10.2 12.20 20.4
8.30 35.4 9.50 17.6 9.90 18.2 11.20 12.6 12.30 25.6
8.40 33.2 9.60 22.2 10.00 21.4 11.30 15.2 12.40 32.4
8.50 30.4 9.70 26.2 10.10 24.4 11.40 18.2 12.50 40.8
8.60 27.0 9.80 30.0 10.20 27.6 11.50 22.2 12.60 51.2
8.70 23.2 9.90 33.4 10.30 30.4 11.60 27.0 12.70 64.4
8.80 19.2 10.00 36.6 10.40 33.0 11.70 32.4 12.80 82.4
8.90 14.2 10.10 39.0 10.50 35.6 11.80 38.8 12.90 106.0
9.00 9.2 10.20 41.0 10.60 38.2 11.90 46.0 13.00 132.0
9.10 4.0 10.30 42.6 10.70 40.4 12.00 53.8
10.40 44.2 10.80 42.4
10.50 45.4 10.90 44.0
10.60 46.6 11.00 45.4
10.70 47.6
10.80 48.5
Here, the primary salt is a solid and is weighed out in grams. A measured amount of 0.1M HCl or NaOH is added,
4
then made up to 1 liter to give the relevant buffer solution .
Salt mixture
pH
Dilute each mixture to 1 liter solution with distilled water
3 10.21g potassium hydrogen phthalate and 223ml of 0.10M HCl
4 10.21g potassium hydrogen phthalate and 1ml of 0.10M HCl
5 10.21g potassium hydrogen phthalate and 226ml of 0.10M NaOH
6 6.81g potassium dihydrogen phOsphate and 56ml of 0.10M NaOH
7 6.81g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 291ml of 0.10M NaOH
8 6.81g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 467ml of 0.10M NaOH
9 4.77g sodium tetraborate and 46ml of 0.10M HCl
10 4.77g sodium tetraborate and 183ml of 0.10M NaOH
11 2.10g sodium bicarbonate and 227ml of 0.10M NaOH