Touchstone 2nd Edition Language summary Level 4

Unit 3 Lesson B: Manners

Vocabulary
Behavior
bargain with street vendors (v)
cut in line (v)
have an argument (v)
hold hands in public (v)
keep your voice down (v)
manners (n)
point at people (v)
show affection in public (v)
stand too close to people (v)
stare at a person (v)
take (your shoes) off (v)
tip a cab driver (v)
walk around barefoot (v)

Greetings
bow (v)
kiss (v)
shake hands (v)

Traditions
acceptable (adj)
customary (adj)
impolite (adj)
inappropriate (adj)
polite (adj)
rude (adj)
manners (n)

Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 3, Lesson B, Page 1

Touchstone 2nd Edition Language summary Level 4

Eating at restaurants
ask for a box for leftovers (v)
give / leave a tip (v)
take a friend with you (v)
take a phone call during dinner (v)
talk with your mouth full (v)
(not) show up at all (v)

Grammar
Verb + -ing and to + verb
Verb + -ing as a subject
You can use verb + -ing as the subject of a sentence. Remember to use a singular verb:

Eating in public is bad manners.

You can also use not + verb + -ing as the subject of a sentence:

Not shaking hands is impolite. (= If you don't shake hands, it's impolite.)

Verb + -ing after prepositions

Use verb + -ing after prepositions like by and for:

You can offend people by eating in public. (= Eating in public may offend people.)

You can also use not + verb + -ing after prepositions:

People might stare at you for not shaking hands.

(= Not shaking hands is a reason why people might stare at you.)

to + verb after It's . . .

You can use expressions with It's . . . to talk about behavior.

Use to + verb after phrases with It's . . . :

It's bad manners to eat in public.

You can also use not + to + verb:

Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 3, Lesson B, Page 2

Touchstone 2nd Edition Language summary Level 4
It's impolite not to shake hands.Position of not

Not comes before the word it negates:

Be careful not to point at people.

You can offend people by not bowing.

The position of not is important. It can change the meaning:

It's acceptable not to tip cab drivers. (= It's optional. You don't have to tip.)

It's not acceptable to tip cab drivers. (= You shouldn't do it.)

Cambridge University Press 2014 Unit 3, Lesson B, Page 3