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Oya'u cGifhjyKxm;onfhtajccHrlrsm;? tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf; tem*wfEdkifiHa&;avmuwGif tavsmhtwif;
rsm;rjyKvkyEf ikd &f eftwGuf Oya'tumtuG,af y;rI\ ta&;
ygykHudkvnf; tav;xm;vmMuygonf/
acwfopf'rD u kd a&pDpepf ydrk x kd eG ;f um;vmonfEiS t hf rQ
tajccHOya'a&;qGJolrsm;onfvnf; Oya'ESifh EdkifiHa&;
IaxmifhESpf&yfpvkH;tay: rQwpGmcsifhcsdefrIrsm;jyKvkyf&ef
vdktyfykHudk vufcHvmMu&ygonf/ txl;ojzifh aemufydkif;
umvrsm;wGif EdkifiH\r@dKifrsm;tm;vkH;tay: zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'u vTrf;rdk;csKyfudkifrI&Sdap&eftwGuf w&m;
Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh Oya'tmPmouf0ifapa&;udprsm;udk
t"dutESpo f m&tjzpf &nf&, G v f mygonf/ umESiw hf pf0ef;
wpfaeYwjcm; &ifqdkifBuHKawGUvmMu&onfh pdefac:rI
jyemrsm;tay: w&m;Oya't& &ifqikd af jz&Si;f &efqakd om
t,ltqrsm; wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmrIESifhtwl EdkifiH\r@dKif
rsm;tMum; tjyeftvSefMuyfrwfppfaq;a&;u ay:xGuf
vmaom &v'faumif;rsm;udk ydktm;xm;vmMuygonf/
oabmw&m;rsm; jzpfxGef;vmonfESifhtrQ zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'qdkif&m w&m;kH;?ckHkH;rsm;udk oD;jcm;xlaxmif
wm0efay;tyfjcif; tcef;u@rSmvnf; ydkrdkta&;ygvm
ygonf/
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;ay:aygufvmjcif;
a,bk,stm;jzifh Common Law Oya'pepfusifh
ok;H onfh Edik if t H rsm;pkwo Ykd nf zGpUJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m
w&m;pD&ifa&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf oD;jcm;
w&m;kH;rsm;xlaxmifjcif;rjyKbJ w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
(Supreme Court) udo k m yl;wGw J m0efay;avh&adS omfvnf;
'Drdkua&pDydkrdkxGef;um;vmonfESifhtrQ zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'qdik &f mpepf\ tcef;u@onfvnf; wd;k wufjrifrh m;
vmygonf/ odkYESifhtnD zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mw&m;
k;H ? ckH ;Hk rsm;udk oD;jcm;xlaxmifNy;D zGpUJ nf;ykt
w&m;pD&ifa&; tcGifhtmPmtjynfht0tyfESif;rIonf
vnf; umESiw hf pf0ef;ydrk u kd s,fjyefv Y mcJyh gonf/ 18-5-2017
&ufaeYtxd zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m w&m;kH;? ckHkH;?
tjcm;trnfjzifh xlaxmifaom tvm;wlw&m;kH;rsm;\
pkpkaygif;ta&twGufrSm 93 kH;xd a&muf&Sdvmygonf/
jrefrmEdik if w H iG f Edik if aH wmfzpUJG nf;ykt
ckH ;Hk ay:aygufvmonfh tajccHukd avhvmvQif 2008 ckEpS ?f
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& wdkufdkufay:aygufvmaom
Extra Judicial Body [kac:aom oD;jcm;w&m;pD&ifa&;
tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfjzpfaMumif; awGU&SdEdkifygonf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;udk 30-3-
2011 &ufaeYwGif pwifxlaxmifum jrefrmEdkifiHrSm yxr
OD;qkH; ay:aygufvmaom w&m;a&;tzGJUtpnf;opfwpfck
jzpfNyD; Judicial Function udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif
&Gufaomfvnf; ckHkH;ay:aygufvmaomordkif;aMumif;?
tyfESif;xm;aom pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPm? vufawGUw&m;pD&if
a&;vkyif ef;ydik ;f rsm;wGif jypfrEI iS hf w&m;rrIp&D ifyikd cf iG hf tmPm
rsm;tyfESif;jcif;cH&aom w&m;kH;rsm;ESifhwlnDjcif;r&Sdonf
udk awGU&SdEdkifygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiH\ w&m;a&;zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrIykHpH
jrefrmEdkifiH\ w&m;a&;zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrIykHpH
(Judicial Structure) udk avhvmvQif (u) jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfESifh ,if;\ BuD;MuyfrIatmufwGif
wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;? udk,fydkif
tkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;^a'ow&m;kH;rsm;? cdkifw&m;kH;rsm;?
NrdKUe,fw&m;kH;rsm;ESifh Oya't&wnfaxmifaom tjcm;
w&m;k;H rsm;? (c) ppfbufqikd &f mw&m;k;H rsm;? (*) Edik if aH wmf
zGJUpnf; ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;wdkY &SdMuygonf/ ppfbuf
qdkif&m w&m;kH;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'
qdkif&mckHkH;\ pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPmrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EdkifiHawmf\ tjrifh
qkH;w&m;kH;jzpfaMumif; jy|mef;csufudk awGU jrifEdkifygonf/
Judicial Structure t&MunfhvQif azmfjyyg
w&m;kH;rsm;onf pD&ifydkifcGifhe,fy,fcsif; ul;ajymif;r&
ouJhodkY wpfkH;csif;\ w&m;pD&ifa&;vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
udv k nf; 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif;rjyKEdik yf g/ w&m;k;H rsm;\
qkH;jzwfcsufonf tNyD;owfESifh pnf;aESmifrI&SdMuygonf/
wpfkH;csif;udktyfESif;xm;aom pD&ifydkifcGifht& rdrdw&m;
pD&ifa&;e,fy,fwGifrl tjrifhqkH;qkH;jzwfcsufudk csrSwfEdkif
aomtzGt UJ pnf;jzpfonf[k qdEk ikd yf gonf/,if;w&m;k;H rsm;\
tajccHoabmw&m;?w&m;pD&ifa&;vkyif ef;? w&m;pD&ifa&;
tcGifhtmPm? vkyfief;wm0ef? pD&ifydkifcGifhtyfESif;rItcef;
u@rsm;wGifvnf; wlnDrIr&SdMuyg/
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;\zGJUpnf;ykH
ckHkH;udk Ou|tygt0if tzGJU0ifudk;OD;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;yg
onf/ tzGJU0ifrsm;udk EdkifiHawmforwuoHk;OD;? jynfolY
vTwfawmfOu|uoHk;OD;? trsdK;om;vTwfawmfOu|u
oHk;OD; a&G;cs,fay;&ygonf/ tzGJU0ifudk;OD;teuf wpfOD;udk
Ou|tjzpfwm0efay;tyf&ef EdkifiHawmforw? jynfolU
vTwaf wmf Ou|ESihf trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfOu|wdu
a&G;cs,fNyD; jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmwlncD sufukd
&,l&ygonf/ Ou|onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;
\ pDrHcefYcGJa&; udp&yfrsm;udk Muyfrwfaqmif&Guf&ygonf/
we*FaEG? 'DZifbm 3? 2017
ckHkH;Ou|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;ESiw hf n l ND yD; xyfrt H a&G;cHEikd af om
H ajccHOya'qdik &f m tcGifhta&;&Sdygonf/
ckHkH;\vkyfief;wm0efESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;
ckHkH;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mudp&yfrsm;
ESiphf yfvsOf; tjrifq h ;Hk tcGit hf mPm tyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&aom
w&m;pD&ifa&; tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfjzpfNyD; ckHkH;\vkyfief;
wm0efrsm;udkavhvmvQif-
H ajccHOya'qdik &f m (u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk
teuft"dym,fzGifhqdkjcif;
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfudk
teuft"dym,fzGifhqdkay;&ef wifjyawmif;qdkvmvQif
wifoiG ;f vTmygawmif;qdck suftay: t"dym ,fziG q hf akd y;
&efvdktyfonfh tajctaeay:aygufaMumif; ckHkH;u
okH;oyfawGU&Sdygu t"dym,fzGifhqdkay;&ygonf/
pdppfjcif;
(c) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfjcif;&Sd r&Sd
ud,
jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBuD;ESihf jynfe,fvw
k yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfciG &hf wdik ;f ^a'oOD;pD;tzGw UJ u
T af wmf?
Ykd jy|mef;
onfh Oya'rsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhnDGwf
jcif; &Sd? r&Sd pdppf&ygonf/ Oya'jy|mef;csufwpf&yfudk
zGpUJ nf;ykH tajccHOya'ESihf qefu Y sifjcif; &S?d r&S?d nDw G jf cif;
&S?d r&Sd pdppfonfh w&m;a&;vkyif ef;onf Oya'aMumif;t&
odrfarGU NyD; wpfcgwpf&HwGif cufcJeufeJum IyfaxG;rI
rsm;ESifhvnf; a&maESmaewwfygonf/
tcsKdEU ikd if rH sm;u zGpUJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf rnDaom
Oya'rsm; ray:xGuaf pa&;udk BudKwif[efw Y m; umuG,f
&efvnf;aumif;? zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh rnDaom
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay: tajcjyKay:aygufaom
vlrIa&;y#dyu (Social Conflict) rsm;udk BudKwif
[efYwm;umuG,f&efvnf;aumif;Oya'Murf;(Bill)
tqifhrSmyif pdppf&eftcGifhtmPmtyfESif;xm;aMumif;
avhvmawGU&SdEdkifygonf/
odkYaomf Oya'tjzpfay:xGufvmNyD;rS pdppfydkifcGifh
tcGifhtmPmtyfESif;rIudk wpfzufrSMunfhvQifvnf;
Oya'udk taumiftxnfazmfusifo h ;Hk &mrS ay:aygufvm
aomtajctae? jyem? tusKd;quf? vufawGt U ok;H cs
onfh tzGt UJ pnf;rsm;ESiv hf x l \ k wkjYH yefrrI sm;udk "r"|d mef
usus pdppfokH;oyfEdkifrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ydktusKd;&Sd
aMumif; Ijrifcsufrsm;udkvnf;awGU&SdEdkifygonf/ Oya'
wpf&yfukd pwifa&;qGcJ sdeu f yif zGpUJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg
tajccHrlrsm;? rvdkufemvQifrjzpfaom Oya'pHEIef;rsm;
( Peremptory Norms ) tp&So d nfh rlabmifEiS n hf D w G f
atmifaqmif&u G jf cif;onfvnf; zGpUJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'
ESiq hf efu Y sifuv JG aJG om Oya'rsm;ray:xGuaf pa&;twGuf
tm;ay;ulnDaomoabmaqmifygonf/
(*) tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;\ aqmif&Guf
csufrsm;udk pdppfjcif;
jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m
tmPmydkifrsm;\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'ESifhnDGwfjcif; &Sd?r&Sd pdppfay;&ef ckHkH;odkY
wifoGif;vmonfhtcgwGifvnf; ckHkH;u w&m;pD&ifa&;
enf;vrf;t& Mum;emppfaq;tqk;H tjzwf ay;&ygonf/
(C) tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udkqkH;jzwfjcif;
jynfaxmifpkESifhwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfaxmifpkESifh
jynfe,f? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifhjynfe,f? wdkif;a'oBuD;
tcsif;csif;? jynfe,ftcsif;csif;? wdik ;f a'oBuD; odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fEiS hf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf pD&ifpt k Mum;? odrYk [kwf
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpktcsif;csif; jzpfay:onfh
zGpUJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk qk;H jzwf
&eftcGifhtmPm tyfESif;cH&ygonf/
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfaom Oya'rsm;?
vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk pepfwusESifh [efcsufnDnD
taumiftxnfazmf&ef? tcuftcJESifh oabmw&m;
Yk nEd idI ;f uGJvGJrIrsm;jzpfay:ygu w&m;pD&ifa&;enf;vrf;t&
at;csrf;pGmajz&Sif; tajz&Sm&ef &nf&G,faMumif;awGU&Sd
Edkifygonf/ /
qufvufazmfjyygrnf
we*FaEG? 'DZifbm 3? 2017

Conjunction ukd ykHpHwlvkduf,lvkdY tJ'Dvkd jzpfoGm;wmjzpfEkdifw,f}}

jrefrmo'goifMum;a&; (31) ]]b,fvkdygvJ q&m}}

]]t*Fvyd o f 'grSm 0gusESpcf u k dk qufyaHk wGMunfah v? My Father likes
tea. qkdwJh 0guseJY My mother likes coffee. qkdwJh 0gusukd b,fvkd
qufrvJ}}
]] ]My Father likes tea,but my mother likes coffee} vkdY
armifcifrif("EkjzL) qufyghr,fq&m}}
]]0dbwftaMumif;ajymNyD;awmh orEtaMumif; qufMuwmaygh? orEukd ]]orEvnf; yk'fquforEeJY 0gusquforEawGu 0guswpfckxJrSm ]][kwNf yD? t*Fvyd o f 'grSm tJ'v D 0dk gusd;k ESpcf uk dk qufvu dk &f if 0gusa&m
b,fvkdzGihfovJ}} &SdaewmyJ? ]tazESihftar vmMuonf} qkd&if? ]ESihf} u pum;vkH;csif;qufwJh wpfckjzpfoGm;a&m? 'gayr,fh tazu vufzuf&nf BudKufonf} qkdwJh0guseJY
]]yk'tf csif;csif;ukjd zpfap? 0gustcsif;csif;ukd jzpfap? t"dym ,ftcsif;csif;ukd yk'fquforEaygh? ]uRefawmfu rkefY[if;cg;BudKufaomfvnf; oluacgufqJG ]taru aumfzDBudKufonf} qkdwJh 0gusukd ]okdY&mwGif} eJY quf&if b,fvkd
jzpfap qufpyfay;aom pum;vkH;ukd orE[kac:onfvkdY zGihfygw,fq&m}} BudKufonf} qkw d 0hJ gus[m ]uRefawmfu rke[ Yf if;cg;BudKufonf} qkw d hJ ]0gusk;d } qufrvJ}}
]]yOrwef;u 'orwef;txd o'gpmtkyftm;vkH;rSm orEukd tJ'DvkdyJ eJY ]oluacgufqBGJ udKufonf} qkw d hJ 0gusk;d ukd ]0gusa&m} jzpfatmif ]aomfvnf;} ]] ]tazu aumfzBD udKufonf ok&Yd mwGif taru vufzuf&nfBudKufonf
zGiMfh uw,fr[kwv f m;? 'Dae&mrSm owdjyKrdwmwpfcu k 'Djrefrmo'gawGtwGuf eJY qufvkdufwmrkdY ]aomfvnf;} u 0gusquforEaygh? tJ'Dtxdu &Sif;w,f vkdY } qufygr,f q&m}}
]]tJ'Dvkd qufvkdufvkdY 0gusESpfcku wpfckwnf;jzpfoGm;ovm;}}
0gp*F&pS yf g;&JU t&if;cHjzpfwhJ t*Fvyd of 'gawGrmS a&m? ukv d edk aD cwfO;D u t*Fvyd v f kd r[kwfvm;}}
]]jzpfroGm;ygbl;q&m? 0gusESpfck oD;jcm;jzpfaewkef;ygyJ}}
a&;wJh jrefrmo'gawGrSma&m orEukdzGihfwJhtcg pum;vkH;awG? 'grSr[kwf ]]&Sif;ygw,f q&m}}
]][kwfw,f? t*Fvdyfbmompum;&JU pnf;urf;t& 0gusESpfckukd
yk'fawGaygh? tJ'Dyk'fawGukd qufwJhorEeJY 0gusawGukdqufwJh orEqkdNyD; ]]'gayr,fh t"dym ,fquforEv Ydk aemuforEw pfcx k yfcw
GJ hJ tcgusawmh
wpfqufwnf; qufvkdY&ayr,fh? jrefrmbmompum;&JU pnf;urf;t&
ESpfrsKd;yJjyw,f? tckoifaewJh jrefrmo'gawGrSmjywJh t"dym,fcsif;qufwJh 0gusukd tajccHwmr[kwfawmhbl;av? uJ- &Sif;atmif o'gpmtkyfxJu 0gusESpfck&JU tv,fu orEwpfckxnfhvkdufkHeJY 0gusESpfck qufpyfroGm;
orEqkdwm rygbl;uJGU}} om"uawGMunfhvkdufygvm;? t"dym,fquforEqkdwm b,fvkdorEawG bl;av}}
]]aMomf? [kwfuJhyg}} vJqkdwm od&atmifaygh}} ]][kwu f yhJ g? o'gt& 0guswpfcq k ;Hk oGm;ayr,fh t"dym ,ft& rqk;H ao;vkYd
]]q&m om"ujyyghr,f? q&ma&SUykdif;rSmajymzl;wJh 1899 ckESpfrSm xkwfwJh ]][kwfuJh? t"dym,fquforEawGu xkdYaMumihf? tb,faMumihfqkdaomf? t"dym,fquforEqkdNyD; xnhfwmrsm;vm;q&m}}
avmif;pa';&JU jrefrmo'gpmtkyfrSmpwJh olYrl&if;emrnfuawmh Burmese taMumif;rlum;? xkaYd emuf? ok&Yd mwGi?f xkt d cg qkNd yD; om"ujyxm;ygw,f q&m}} ]]jzpfEidk yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'v D dk 0guswpfc&k UJ abmifxufausmfomG ;&if
Grammar and Grammatical Analysis aygh? tJ'pD mtkyrf mS b,fvjdk yovJ ]]0gusom"uajymygOD;}} o'gpnf;urf;? 0guszJGUxkH; pnf;urf;vkdY rac:Ekdifawmhbl;av}}
qkd&if A Conjunction in Burmese is a word used, as in English, ]]okdY&mwGif qkdwJh orEeJY qufykHukd ajymjyyghr,f? ]olonf Murf;wrf;pGm ]][kwfuJhyg }}
only for one purpose,i.e. to join words and sentences wJ?h orE[ m ajymqkdwwfonf} qkdwJh 0guseJY ]olonf pdwfoabmxm;aumif;onf} qkdwJh ]]tJ... wpfckawmh&Sdw,f? tJ'Dvkd0gusESpfckcJGra&;bJ ]tazu vufzuf
pum;vk;H awG? 0gusawGudk qufzYdk &nf&, G cf sufwpfcw k nf;eJo Y ;kH wJh pum;vk;H yJvYdk 0gusukd ]okdY&mwGif} eJY qufvkdufawmh...}} &nfBudKufaomfvnf; taru aumfzBD udKufonf} vkYd quf&ifawmh 0guswpfck
ajymwm av}} ]]b,fvkdjzpfoGm;ovJ}} wnf;jzpfomG ;wmaygh? ]tazu vufzuf&nfBudKufonf}qkw d hJ a&S0U gusxJu
]][kwfuJhyg}} ]]olonf Murf;wrf;pGm ajymqkw d wfonf? ok&Yd mwGif ]olonf pdwo f abmxm; ]onf}qkdwJh 0gustqkH;owfukdjzKwfNyD; ]aomfvnf;} eJY quf&rSmaygh? ]aomf
]]NyD;awmh a*spDeufpzD;&JU English Grammar rSmvnf; A aumif;onf}vkdY jzpfoGm;ygw,f q&m}} vnf;} u 0gusquforEav}}
Conjunction is a word used for joining (1) One word is another ]]tJ't D csufudk ajymcsifwm? ckvq dk ufvu dk af wmh 0gusESpcf [ k m wpfcw k nf; ]][kwu f yhJ g? 'Dvq dk &dk if ckeajymwJh t"dym ,fquforEa wGu orEp pfppf
word; or (2) One sentence is another sentence vkyd J zGix
fh m;wmav}} jzpfoGm;ovm;}} awG r[kwfbl;vkdY ajymvkdY&rvm;q&m}}
]][kwfuJhyg}} ]]rjzpfygbl;q&m? 0gusESpcf u k oD;jcm;ygyJ? tv,fu ]ok&Yd mwGi}f eJY qufxm; ]]q&mBuD; OD;azarmifwifu ausmif;okH;jrefrmo'grSm pum;qufawG
]]q&mBuD; OD;azarmifwif&JU o'gawGrSmawmh ]orE} ukd jrefrmqefqef wmyg}} ukjd y&mrSm ]okaYd omfvnf;} [m ]okjYd zpfaomfvnf;} &JU twkad umufjzpfaMumif;
azmfjyxm;w,f? ]okjYd zpfaomfvnf;} ukMd unfh eHk YJ orEw pfcx
k ufausmfaewJh
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2/ tao;pdwfod&dSvdkygu zkef;-081-206742odkY Hk;csdeftwGif; Salary Level: USD 1,700 per Month
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Contract Duration: One year with three months' probation,
wif'gaumfrwD 7/ e,fraS vQmufxm;vko d rl sm;onf owfrw S af Mu;rsm;ukd aiGvufcH Extendable based on the performance.
aMunmjcif;
Xme? &efukefta&SUykdif;wuokdvf? oefvsifNrdKU vdyfrl pmwdkufaiG For detail TOR can be requested to farmmoali@gmail.com
u&ifjynfe,f? jr0wDNrdKU? (4)
vrf;OD;pD;Xme? rEav;wdkif;a'oBuD; ykUd vTm(Postal Money Order)jzifh ay;ykUd NyD; atmufajcwGif avQmuf
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and or can be downloaded from MIMU website (www.
themimu.info)
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xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuJGrdygaMumif; azmfjytyfygonf/ nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfESifh0efxrf;rdom;pkrsm;
bbOD;ausmrf if;(rif;ausmrf if;)aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygapaMumif; qkrGef ukef;vrf;ydkYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme
aumif;awmif;tyfygonf/
OD;MunfnGefU(cspfMunfa&;-MunfnGefU)-a':cifcifEkrdom;pk 0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif;
t,f'DwmcsKyf(Nidrf;) jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif;
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)
0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif; touf(33)ESpf
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)
aemfxJaecspf &efukefNrdKU? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSwf81ae OD;oefUpifarmif touf(33)ESpf
v^x tif*sifeD,m(Nidrf;)? (NrdKUjy)taqmuftOD OD;pD;Xme (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESihfqufoG,af &;0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwm &efukeNf rdKU? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSwf 81ae OD;oefU
a':cifoef;at;wdkY\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;? pifarmif(jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;
touf(64)ESpf armifpGrf;xufZmenf\zcif AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; ppfOD;pD;rSL; ('kwd,
oli,fcsif; AkdvfBuD;apmawmaemf(Nidrf;)-eefUrsKd;uvsmESif;wdkU\rdcif wef;)onf29-11-2017&uf(Ak'[l;aeU)nae 4;30em&DcefYwGif kww f &uf 0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at; wdkY\om;oruf?
aemfxaJ ecspo
f nf 28-11-2017&ufwiG f c&pfawmf tdyaf ysmo f mG ;ygojzihf uG,v f eG o
f mG ;aMumif; od&&Sd ygojzifh rdom;pkESiht
f wl xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf; a':zl;oefUpif\cspv f SpGmaomcifyGe;f ? armifpGr;f xufZmenf\
rdom;pkESihfxyfwl 0rf;enf;aMuuJG&ygaMumif;/ aMuuGJ&ygonf/ nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfESifht&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm; zcif Adkvrf SL;Zmenfatmifrif; puc(13)?ppfOD;pD;rSL; ('kw, d
ppfwuodkvf trSwfpOf(38)rS qufoG,fa&;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme
oli,fcsif;rsm;ESihf rdom;pk0ifrsm; ydkUaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme
wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf (Ak'[ ;l aeU) nae 4;30em&DcefY
wGif kwwf &uf uG,v f Geof Gm;aMumif;od&S&d ygojzifh rdom;pk
txl;0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif; ESifhtwl xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/
ausmif;tkyfBuD;? q&m^q&mrrsm;ESifht&mxrf;?
AkdvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif;
trIxrf;rsm;
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)
touf(33)ESpf
jrefrmEdkifiH ukefoG,fa&aMumif;aumvdyf
touf(33)ESpf ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme
OD;oefUpifarmif(jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;
&efukeNf rdKU? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSw(f 81)ae OD;oefUpifarmif 0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkY\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\
(jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkUaqmifa&;ESihf qufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme)- cspvf SpGmaomcifyGe;f ? armifpGr;f xufZmenf\zcif Adkvrf SL;Zmenfatmifrif;
a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkU\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\ cspfvS puc(13)ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf(Ak'[l;aeU)
pGmaomcifyeG ;f ? armifprG ;f xufZmenf\zcif Akv d rf SL;Zmenfatmifrif; nae 4;30em&DcefYwGif kwfw&uf uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzifh
rdom;pkESifhtwl xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL; ('kwd,wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfESifht&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm;
(Ak'[l;aeU) nae 4;30 em&DwGif kww f &uf uG,v f Geo
f Gm;aMumif; a&aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme
od&Sd&ygojzihf rdom;pkESihfxyfwl txl;0rf;enf;aMuuJG&ygonf/
nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfESihf t&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif;
avaMumif;ydkUaqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif;
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)
0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif; DSA(47)
AkdvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; touf(33)ESpf
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSwf 81ae
touf(33)ESpf OD;oefUpifarmif (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;
&efukefNrdKU? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSwf (81)ae OD;oefUpifarmif 0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkY\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\
(jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkUaqmifa&;ESihf qufoG,af &;0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwm cspvf pS mG aomcifyeG ;f onf 29-11-2017&uf(Ak'[
;l aeU)nae 4;30em&Dcefw
Y iG f
a':cifoef;at;wdkU\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\ cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;?
armifprG ;f xufZmenf\zcif Akv d rf LS ;Zmenfatmifrif; puc(13)? ppfO;D pD;rSL; uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzifh rdom;pkESifhxyfwl 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ
('kwd,wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf (Ak'[l;aeU) nae 4;30 em&DwGif &ygaMumif;/ OD;aqmifnTefMum;a&;rSL;ESifh
kwfw&uf uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzihf rdom;pkESihftwl xyfwl jrefrmhrD;&xm;0efxrf;rsm;
xyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuJG&ygonf/
OD;aqmifnTefMum;a&;rSL;ESihft&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif;
jrefrmhqdyfurf;tmPmydkif
ydkUaqmifa&;ESihfqufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif;
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)
0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif; D.S.A(47)
AkdvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; DSA(47) touf(33)ESpf
touf(33)ESpf &efukew f kdi;f a'oBuD;? arSmbf DNrdKUe,f? oHwHwm;&yfuGu?f arwmvrf;?
trSwf 129ae 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;atmifrif;(Nidrf;)-a':rdk;rdk;atmifwdkY\
ydkUaqmifa&;ESihq
f ufoG,af &;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;oefUpif om;? &efukefNrdKU? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSwf 81ae OD;oefUpifarmif
armif-a'gufwm a':cifoef;at;wdkU\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\ cspv f S (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwm
pGmaomcifyGe;f onf 29-11-2017&ufwGif uG,v f Geo
f Gm;ygojzihf rdom;pk a':cifoef;at;wdkY\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\cspfvSpGmaom cifyGef;?
ESihfxyfwl 0rf;enf;aMuuJG&ygonf/ armifprG ;f xufZmenf\zcifonf 29-11-2017&uf(Ak'[l;aeU)nae 4;30
OD;pD;rSL;ESihf 0efxrf;rdom;pkrsm; em&Dcefw
Y iG f kwwf &ufu, G vf eG o
f mG ;ygojzifh use&f pforl o
d m;pkEiS x
hf yfwx
l yfrQ
ukef;vrf;ydkUaqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/ rdk;av0oESifh ZvaA'nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme
aejynfawmfHk; 0efxrf;rdom;pk
we*FaEG? 'DZifbm 3? 2017

0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif; 0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif; a':apmoif txl;0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif;

(ausmum^ykavm^Nrdwf)
AkdvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; AkdvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; touf(90) OD;odef;vdIif (jrefatmifNrdKU) touf(86)ESpf
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;? ykavm oli,fcsif; rif;rif;vdIif (tu,f'rDvlrif;)\zcif OD;odef;vdIifonf
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) touf(33)ESpf NrdKUe,f? ausmum&Gmae (OD;pHaz- 28-11-2017&ufwGif uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzifh usef&pfol
DSA (47) &efukefNrdKU? tvHkNrdKUe,f? A[dkvrf;? trSwf(81)ae OD;oefUpif a':nGefU)wdkY\orD;? ykavmNrdKUae rdom;pkESifhxyfwl txl;0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/
(B.Agr.Sc ) 1994 tBuD;wef;oli,fcsif;rsm;
touf(33)ESpf armif (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkUaqmifa&;ESihf qufoG,fa&;0efBuD; (OD;vSarmif-a':IMunf)wdkY\acR;r?
OD;oefUpifarmif(jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkUaqmifa&;ESiqhf ufo, G f Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkU\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\ NrdwNf rdKU? jrpfi,f&yfuGu?f uefom,m c&pfawmftdyfaysmfjcif;
vrf;? trSwf 63ae OD;xGef;a&T(c)
a&;0efBuD;Xme) - a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkU\ om;oruf? cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;? armifpGrf;xufZmenf\zcif AkdvfrSL;Zmenf
OD;EkEk\ZeD;? (a':pef;pef;)? a':oef; OD;apmygpuGm;v,ftyGef; ("rq&mBuD;)
a':zl;oefUpif\cifyGef;? armifpGrf;xufZmenf\ zcifjzpfol atmifrif; puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;)onf 29-11- oef;0if;? OD;at;udk-a':ar&D? a': tvjy(Nidrf;)
Akv
d rf SL;Zmenfatmifrif;? puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kw, d wef;)onf 2017&uf(Ak'[l;aeU) nae 4;30em&DcefUwiG f kww f &uf uG,v f eG f EJGUEJGUMuLwdkY\rdcif? roDwmat;udk? touf(85)ESpf
29-11-2017&uf (Ak'[ ;l aeU) nae 4;30em&DwiG f uG,v f eG of mG ; oGm;aMumif; od&&Sd ygojzihf rdom;pkESithf wl xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf; armifausmfpGmat;udkwdkU\ tbGm; u&ifjynfe,f? oHawmifBuD;NrdKUe,f? vdyo f kdNrdKUae(OD;apmtef;a*svkd-
aMumif; od&&Sd ygojzihf rdom;pkESix hf yfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuJ&G yg aMuuJG&ygonf/ onf 1-12-2017&uf(aomMumaeU) a':aemftm;em)wdkY\om;? (aemfZmbJ&D,mcifMunf)\cifyGe;f ? aemfESi;f aiG-
onf/ OD;0if;cdkif ZeD; a':vSvSrl rGe;f vJG 2;50em&DwiG f uG,v f eG o
f mG ;yg apmyDwdk&D;Edk? apm*sDpdefxG#f-aemfc&DpJvf'g? aemfbJwmav;? apmatxG#f
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; a'gufwmazjrihEf SiZhf eD; a':cdkiEf ,
G Of D; ojzihf 3-12-2017&uf (we*FaEG ouf-a':*suu f vif;? apmtrfoufPf-aemfauwkausm?f apmatPf
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; 0if;-aemfat;om? apma*sat0if;jrifh (u&ifjynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme aqmufvkyaf &;0efBuD;Xme? vQyfppfEiS pfh rG ;f tif0efBuD;Xme aeU) rGe;f vJG 2em&DwGif uvGio f komef
odkU ydkUaqmifrD;oN*K[fygrnf/ vS,f)-aemf'dkeD;&Sm;? apmtdyfcsfjrifhaxG;-aemfc&pfarwdkY\zcif? ajr; 35
a,muf? jrpfav;a,mufwkdY\tbdk;onf 2-12-2017&uf(paeaeU)eHeuf
0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif; usef&pfolrdom;pk
2;15em&DwGif c&pfawmftdyaf ysmo f Gm;ygojzifh 5-12-2017&uf(t*FgaeU)
AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; ykavmNrdKUe,ftoif;(&efukef) eHeuf 8em&DwiG f vdyo f kNd rdKU ausmif;ukeo
f komefokYd ydkaY qmifoN*K[rf nfjzpfyg
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) a':apmoif onf/ usef&pfolrdom;pk
DSA (47)
(ausmum^ykavm^ Nrdwf)
DSA (47) bk&m;? &[ef;? odrf? ausmif; 'g,dumrBuD;
touf(33)ESpf toif;0iftrSwf-138
touf(33)ESpf
OD;oefUpifarmif (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&; touf(90) a':wifwifat;
OD;oefUpifarmif (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkYaqmifa&;ESifhqufoG,fa&;
0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkY\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\ weoFm&Dwkdi;f a'oBuD;? NrdwNf rdKU? touf(80)
0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkY\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\
cifyGef;? armifpGrf;xufZmenf\ zcifjzpfol AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; cifyGef;? armifpGrf;xufZmenf\ zcifjzpfol AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; jrpfi,f&yfuGuf? uefom,mvrf;? &efukefNrdKU? r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f? udk;rdkif? a&TESif;qDuefvrf;? trSwf
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kw,d wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf (Ak'[l;aeU) trSwf 63ae OD;xGe;f a&T(c)OD;EkEk\ (116^*)ae (OD;ausmw f ifharmif)\ZeD;? (OD;xGe;f -a':ode;f wif)wdkU\wpfOD;
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kw,d wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf (Ak'[l;aeU) nae 4;30em&DwGif uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzifh rdom;pkESifh
nae 4;30em&DcefUwGif uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzifh rdom;pkESifh ZeD;? OD;at;udk(twGi;f a&;rSL;?ykavm wnf;aomorD;? OD;0Pausmf(Ex Uniterm-Marine)-a':pkpk0if;? a':
xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/ NrdKUe,ftoif;? &efukef) - a':ar&D olZmausmfwifharmif - OD;0if;vif;xGef; (C/E CMA-CGM Co.,Ltd.)?
xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/ OD;vSausmf ('kwd,0efBuD;? pdkufysKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;ESifh
jynfaxmifp0k efBuD; a'gufwm0if;jrwfat;ESiZhf eD; ygarmua'gufwmjroDwm wdkY\ rdcifonf 1-12-2017&uf OD;awZmausmw f ifah rmif-a':pdr;f rdkUrkUd atmifw\
kYd rdcif? rpkarjzLausm-f udko&l
qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme)ESifh ZeD; a':oef;oef;aX;? (aomMumaeU) rGef;vJG 2;50em&DwGif aZmf? udkNzdK;vif;armif? udkvGiaf rmifausm-f roOm0wf&nf? aumif;aumif;?
vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;0efBuD;Xme om; AdkvfrSL;vif;xufOD;(ZeD;)a':jzLjymodef; rdom;pk
uG,fvGefoGm;ygojzihf 3-12-2017 jyHK;jyHK;? zdk;cGm;? vHk;vHk;wdkU\tbGm;? jrpfoHk;a,mufwdkU\ tbGm;onf
&uf (we*FaEGaeU) rGef;vJG 2em&DwGif 1-12-2017&ufn 9;10em&DwGif uG,fvGefoGm;ygojzihf 3-12-2017
txl;0rf;enf;aMuuGJjcif; 0rf;enf;aMuuJGjcif;
uvGio f komefokdU ydkUaqmifrD;oN*K[f &uf(we*FaEGaeY) rGe;f vJG 1em&DwiG f a&a0;okomefokUd ydkUaqmifr;D oN*K[rf nf
AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; AkdvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif; ygrnf/ trIaqmiftzJGU jzpfygaMumif; &yfeD;&yfa0;rS aqGrsKd;rdwfo*F[taygif;wdkYtm; today;
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) &[ef;? ausmif; 'g,umBuD; taMumif;Mum;tyfygonf/ uG,fvGefoltm;&nfpl; 7-12-2017&uf
ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kwd,wef;) (Mumoyaw;aeY)eHeuf 7em&DrS 10em&Dtxd 0dZmodyHausmif;? a&TESif;qD
Munf; 41028? DSA(47)
touf(33)ESpf OD;ausmfodef; vrf;? udk;rdkif? r&rf;ukef;aetdrfodkU &ufvnfqGrf;auR;w&m;awmfem <u
OD;oefUpifarmif (jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;? ydkUaqmifa&;ESihf qufoG,af &; touf(85)ESpf
touf(33)ESpf 0efBuD;Xme)-a'gufwma':cifoef;at;wdkU\om;oruf? a':zl;oefUpif\ a&mufyg&ef zdwfMum;tyfygonf/ usef&pfolrdom;pk
&efukeNf rdKU? awmifOuvmyNrdKUe,f?
'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;atmifrif;(Nidrf;)ESifh a':rdk;rdk;atmif cspvf SpGmaomcifyGe;f ? armifpGr;f xufZmenf\zcif Akvd rf SL;Zmenfatmifrif; 14^2&yfuGu?f Zifa,mfvrf;? trSwf
puc(13)? ppfOD;pD;rSL;('kw, d wef;)onf 29-11-2017&uf (Ak'[l;aeU) OD;pdefjrifh
wdkY\ cspfvSpGmaomom; AdkvfrSL;Zmenfatmifrif;onf 12^1ae (OD;yk-a':vSa&T)wdkY\om;?
M.A (The Hague University, The Nethaland)
awmifilNrdKUe,ftwGi;f wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 29-11-2017 nae 4;30em&DcefUwGif kwfw&uf uG,fvGefoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygojzihf a':wifOD;\cifyGe;f ? a':pef;Munf\
rdom;pkESihftwl xyfwlxyfrQ 0rf;enf;aMuuJG&ygonf/ armif? OD;aqmifwkid ;f ajrmuf-a':pef;&D vufaxmufnTefrSL;(Nidrf;)? pDrHb@m
&ufwGif uG,v f Geo
f Gm;aMumif; od&ojzifh rdom;pkESihfxyfwl OD;aqmifnTefMum;a&;rSL;ESifh UNDP, NGOs, CIDO, World Bank, National Water Resources
wdkY\tpfudk? a'gufwmnGefUvGif?
0rf;enf;aMuuGJ&ygonf/ t&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm; a'gufwmatmifaiG-a':jrifhjrifh0if; touf(71)ESpf
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