1. Variation in testosterone levels has major effects on general male physiology.

Concentration
of testosterone was measured in blood plasma from five groups of men.

A. Plasma level of testosterone in: I (Males 1643 years old), II (Males 4492 years old), III (Males with

underdeveloped pituitary glands), IV (Males with removed testes), V (Males after treatment with
injections of estrogen some time. Each dot represents an individual, and the horizontal bars are group
averages. B. Plasma testosterone level in men as a function of body mass index (T = 23.94 0.26 BMI)

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Males-IV have reduced testosterone level due to negative feedback regulation

B. Males-IV have a high LH concentration compared to Males-I
C. Estrogen injections in males lead to very low concentration of LH

D. Even mild obesity (25<BMI<30) might be much more important to testosterone level
than higher age (>43 years old)
2. Investigation about the mechanics of crescentin, homolog for intermediet filament, shown the
real effect to the different situation of Caulobacter crescentus morphology.

A. The shape of the cell is described by the cell surface p and the crescentin bundle u. B C. The
interaction between the crescentin bundle and the cell body, anchored (B) and not anchored (C) into

the cell wall.

Shape model 1 and 2 show the normal size for C. crescentus ; Shape model 3 and 4 show the longer
version of C. crescentus size. (From Kim & Sun, 2009).

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Crescentin rigidity is increased if associates with cell membrane or especially with cell wall
B. The slightly difference of gradient in C. crescentus 1 and 2 showed that both of them

have similar crescentin attachment type

C. At low-nutrient condition, hungry C. crescentus will shaping to model 3 to reach an

equilibrium form
D. The mutation of crescentin that affect on the decreased torsions to anchored into the cell
wall results on the shape model 4.
3. An experiment investigate the effect of discriminator base mutation in tRNA to the coupled
base pair C1-G72 stability. The analysis of the effect of discriminator base changing for
cytidine reactivity on base pair C1-G72 from E. coli initiator mutant to sodium bisulfit (single

strand specific reagen) shown at the graph below.

Analysis of sodium bisulfit-mediated deamination of cytidine 5-terminal into

uridine on wild type and mutant tRNA initiator.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Further introduction on neighboring-discriminator base shows the replacement of A73 to

C73 or U73 resulting the decreased C1 reactivity to the sodium bisulfit

B. G72 is less reactive than the purin pirimidin mutation

C. All mutants effects do not appear only on G73 mutant

D. The model of experiment uses the reagens reaction with the paired or (more efficiently)

overlapping cytidine
4. The mammalian circadian clock lying in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls daily
rhythms and synchronizes the organism to its environment. In the present study,
Hamada et. al examined the localization of light-induced and endogenously rhythmic

expression of Per1, Per2, and Per3 mRNAs in hamster using calbindinD28K (CalB), FOS, and VP
mRNA or protein as markers. The results is shown below.

Photomicrographs depicting the localization of endogenously rhythmic expression of Per1,

Per2, and Per3mRNA with respect to other known markers of the SCN, namely, CalB, VP, and FOS. A.
The columns show coronal sections of each SCN quadrant from rostral to caudal from the same animal.
B. Highlighted in higher-power photomicrographs, in which the image of the Per1 mRNA at ZT4 is
captured in Adobe Photoshop, converted to a red signal, and superimposed in an overlay on the image

of the adjacent section immunoreacted for CalB.

Photomicrographs depicting the localization of loght-induced expression of Per1, Per2, and Per3 mRNA
with respect to other known markers of the SCN, namely, CalB, VP, and FOS. CD. comparison of
responses in the presence [Light(+) vs Light()] on Per1 (C) and Per2 (D) mRNA expression in the CalB
region during subjective night (CT20.5, Per1; CT21, Per2) and during subjective day
(CT5.5, Per1; CT10, Per2). E. Data shown in C and D highlighted in a high-power photomicrograph and

overlay in which the image of the Per2 mRNA is captured in Adobe Photoshop, converted to
a red signal, and superimposed in an overlay on the image of the adjacent section immunoreacted for
CalB protein. F. Photomicrographs showing the localization of light-induced FOS, Per3, and CalB mRNA
in the central anterior and posterior aspects of the SCN.

Note for all graph, the asterisks (*) denote adjacent sections.
 Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.
A. The expression of Per3 at CT5 and CT20.5 SCN quadrants reveals strong expression
outside and inside the CalB region.

B. Per3 mRNA is strongly not expressed rhythmically in the CalB region at both CT5 and
CT20.5 quadrants
C. Rhythmicity for circadian timekeeping is thought to be generated by a feedback loop
involving clock proteins that inhibit transcription of their own genes
D. Comparison of Per3 at CT5 in A and at CT20.5 in F indicates that light does affect the
expression of either Per3 or CalB mRNA.

5. Horseshoe crab are marine and only four extant species are known, while many have gone
extinct. Tachypleus gigas (Tg), T. tridentatus (Tt), and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Cr) are
from Southeast Asia, whereas Limulus polyphemus (Lp) lives on the east coast of North

America. Tg and Cr overlap in their geographic range (from Andaman Sea [close to Thailand
and Malaysia] to the South China Sea). Tt lives from Vietnam to Japan. Horseshoe crabs are

living fossils.

Phylogeny of extant horseshoe crabs. The unit of scale is a million years. Black bars indicate 95%
confidence interval. The two populations of Cr are from Andaman Sea and Thailand

(from Obst et al. 2012).

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. From the figure we can conclude that horseshoe crabs must be a slowly evolving group
B. According to figure, the Asian species constitute a monophyletic clade
C. Speciation in horseshoe crabs seems to take between 5 and 45 million years
D. The genera Tachypleus and Limulus are sister taxa
6. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is submerged marine plant. During the daytime, O2 is transported
via the aerenchyma of the green parts and rhizomes out into the roots, and an oxygen-rich
zone dvelops in the surrounding anoxic sediment. At nighttime it is a different story; now

ethanol diffuses out of the roots and into the sediment.

Eelgrass at day and night, and cross-sections of leaf and root.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. For respiratory reasons, Zostera roots are expected to have a thin epidermis

B. Both at day and night, O2 readily diffuses into the roots

C. Root uptake of nutrients is independent of time of day

D. At nighttime, the concentration of Na+ is expected to decrease in root cells

7. An important function of an electrocardiograph (ECG) is to give information of the general

health of a person. The ECG of two people was compared (Figure C).
 A. Schematic representation of a standardized ECG; B. A snapshot of heart with activated innervations
in red, pictured as if facing the person. C. Electrocardiograms of two young male people (I and II),
measured over 3 seconds.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Blood flows from the right ventricle to the lungs, to the left atrium, to the left ventricle,
to the body, and to the right atrium
B. Person I has a heart rate of 80 beats/minute
C. If the stroke volume of person I is 70 mL/beat, then his cardiac output will be about
4,4 L/minute
D. The heart in Figure B is at the R peak.

8. Some parasite could change the hosts behaviour, such as the spiderweb-building behaviour.
Data below shown the observation of spiderweb architecture from attacked Cyclosa fililineata
and Cyclosa morretes. The difference of web shape are counted from number of radii

structure and number of spiral structure.

Figure in left. A. Cyclosa fililineata nest; B. Cyclosa fililineata nest (attacked by parasites); C. Cyclosa
morretes nest; DE. Cyclosa morretes nest (attacked by parasites). (From Kloss et al. 2016).

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Parasites attack could decrease the life survival of these two spiders

B. The radii structure-making process is more disturbed, analogous to the increase of

larvaes age
C. Every instar stage of parasite has ability to change the spiderweb-making behaviour

D. The changing on nest-making behaviour probably connected with the damage of body
compartment that responsible on spiderweb production.
9. Molecular adaptation enables various bacteria to live in extreme conditions. Including in
environments with very high or very low temperatures, also in acidic conditions and
high-salt levels.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Stabilization of proteins is performed by thermophilic microbes by synthesizing certain

compounds, such as diinositol phosphate, diglycerol phosphate, and mannoglycerate
B. Halophilic bacteria owned the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme
C. The more number of -plated sheet in cold-active enzymes secondary structure is
needed for psychrophilic microbes
D. Acidophilic bacteria adapt by increasing amount of pyrimidine codon in their ORF
sequence, where these pyrimidines tolerant to acid hydrolysis

10. A classical experiment refers to the localization of nuclear proteins using some form of
radioactive nucleoplasmin, which is a large pentameric protein that plays a role in the

formation of chromatin. In this experiment, either the whole protein or only the the head, tail,

or head with one tail is injected into the cytoplasm of the frog oocyte, or injected into the
nucleus as shown in the figure below.

Figure I. Cytoplasmic injection & II. Nuclear injection. A. Whole nucleoplasmin; B. Nucleoplasmin head
with one tail; C. Only head; D. Only tails. Schematic diagrams of autoradiographs show the location of
nucleoplasmin after the injection indicated by brown regions.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Nuclear localization signal only carried by nucleoplasmin tails
B. The size of nuclear pores is too small for nucleoplasmin head

C. Accumulation of nucleoplasmin into nucleus neglects its affinity to nuclear component

D. Localization of nuclear proteins are supported by passive diffusion
11. Bilirubin is one of the heme catabolism products. Bilirubin will be transported to the liver and
it will be conjugated with two glucuronic acid molecules by the UGT enzyme. The conjugated
bilirubin is then secreted in the small intestine as a bile component.

UGT enzyme conjugates two glucuronic acid molecules to bilirubin molecule.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false.

A. Conjugation to glucuronic acid increases the solubility of bilirubin in water

B. A tumor obstructing the bile duct near the junction into the small intestine leads to a

decrease in the blood levels of conjugated bilirubin

C. A point mutation reducing significantly the activity of UGT leads to a decreased level of

unconjugated bilirubin in the blood

D. An increased level of conjugated bilirubin in the blood is symptom of a malaria infection

12. The dose of photon responded differently in plants. A group of Japanese researchers have

observed the phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenesis respons on Arabidopsis plant. The

observed photomorphogenesis respons is the elongation of hypocotile.