Discussion Topic : Border moulding

Synonym: Peripheral tracing

Definition:

1. The shaping of the border areas of an impression tray by functional or

manual manipulation of the tissue adjacent to the borders to duplicate the
contour and size of the vestibule.
2. Determining the extension of prosthesis by using tissue function of
manual manipulation of the tissue to shape the border areas of an
impression material. (GPT8)

Purpose: To Create a peripheral seal.

Importance:

1. Border moulding shapes the impression borders and allows the muscles
to function in harmony with denture
2. Improves border seal of denture.

Border moulding Materials

1. Modeling Compound sticks (most popular) available in variety of colors
like gray, green, etc.
2. Autopolymerizing acrylic resins
3. Tissue conditioners
4. Polyether impression paste
5. Impression Waxes
6. Periopak

Methods of Manipulating Peripheral Tissues

1. Active Method: The patient performs various functions related to the
concerned areas to manipulate the borders.
2. Passive Method: The dentist physically manipulates the tissue to mould
them.
3. Combination: Combination of manipulation by the dentist and functional
movements provided by the patients. Lingual borders are molded by the
patients tongue movements on instruction from the dentist.
Techniques for border moulding

I. Incremental or sectional border moulding:

Sections of the periphery of the tray are refined individually, according to

the anatomical landmark area.
The material of choice is green stick Compound. Putty or heavy body
elastomeric impression materials can also be used.

Heating Appropriate length of the stick corresponding to the length

of the section to be moulded, is softened over a flame till it begins to
droop.
Placing The compound is placed on the border of the custom tray,
rotated slightly and then quickly pulled away to prevent long strings
from forming.
Tempering The material then should be tempered in warm water
(about 50C)and formed into appropriate shape with fingers (make
sure vaseline is applied to the gloved fingers)
Inserting - Tray is inserted in patients mouth carefully in the mouth
retracting the lip or cheek, taking care not to displace the compound
from the border. After moulding the borders, they tray is removed
and compound is chilled in water and any excess is trimmed.
Reheating The sequence is followed for moulding every section and
repeated until the moulding is seen to be accurate without over or
under extension.
A. Maxillary tray border moulding
Sections and sequences:
I. Labial flange: Lips are elevated and then extended outwards,
downwards and inwards. Patient is asked to pucker the lips and
suck on the dentists finger.
II. Buccal frenum and buccal flange: The cheek is elevated and pulled
outward, downward and inward and moved backward and
forward. Patient is asked to pucker lips and smile
III. Distobuccal area: The cheek is pulled outwards, downwards and
inwards. Patient is asked to open the mouth wide, close and move
the mandible from side to side.
 Vent Holes

What is the purpose of the vent hole?

1) To permit proper seating of the loaded master impression tray while making the
final impression.

To relieve the pressure over the incisive papilla and the rugae.

To prevent entrapment of air bubbles in the impression.

(Caution: Do not drill the palatal relief hole(s) in the maxillary tray until the borders
have been molded and the peripheral seal demonstrated.)

Where to place the vent holes?

The number of vent holes placed varies between Operators.

Some just place a single hole in the centre of the maxillary tray whereas; others
place multiple holes along the midline as well as on either side.
For mandibular tray, some advocate no holes, while others place holes along the
ridge crest.

How to place the vent holes?

The holes are made with a small round bur or a suitable non-clogging drill.
The objective is to avoid recording denture-bearing tissues in a distorted or displaced
position.
These holes furnish relief during fabrication of the final impression so that the
mucosa over the median palatal raphe and the anterolateral and posterolateral
regions of hard palate do not displace excessively.

Reference
Complete Denture Prosthodontics by John Joy Manapallil
Essentials of Complete Denture Prosthodontics by Sheldon Winkler

Prepared by Gina Kissey and Githika

BDS IV year 2013-14