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5 Soil Strength
1. Mohr-Coulomb envelope
2. Critical state; critical strength
3. Residual strength
4. CSL in 3D
5. Undrained strength
6. Peak strength
7. Strength of unsaturated soils
8. Interpretation of strength data
= 45 + '
...during shearing after sufficient strain the soil reaches a uniquely defined
state - ideal plasticity - critical state
q = M p'
e = e + Cc log p'
( = v + ln p')
[1]
SM1_5 December 2, 2014 7/30
Definition of critical state
Detail: during shear a stochastic movement of grains ... even decay of grains (crushing)
...dependence on e normalization
SM1_5 December 2, 2014 11/30
Normalization (Peak Strength)
NC at p'=a; 2a; 3a
[1]
SM1_5 December 2, 2014 12/30
Normalization (Peak Strength)
Normalization
by equivalent/Hvorslev stress at NCL, or
by stress at CSL
[2]
logc' = (e -ea) / Cc
[2]
Despite normalizing the straight line approximations cannot describe the peak strength
envelope successfully:
cp' and p' depend on stress level (on the interval of stress during the experiments)
cp'(e) is relevant for Peak Strength for both fine-grained soils (clay)
and coarse-grained soils (sand) not linked to the forces
between grains/particles
[2]
Normalization by c': cp' = cp'(e) / c'
From the figure: cp' = tgc'- tgp' (i.e. cp' and p' are not independent)
[2]
Peak envelope is curved since uncemented soils exhibit c' = 0 pro '=0
p' = a p'b
a and b are parameters depending on the state (w, e, etc., i.e., on stress again...)
[2]
Normalising:
p'/c' = A (p'/c')B = tg c' (p'/c')B
[2]
'/' = tg (c' + p)
In Summary:
Three ways to interpret the peak strength data
In practice the least reasonable is used
[2]
At least a stress range must be given if the linear M-C peak strength
envelope is used
[3]
UU tests cont.
Unsaturated soils, or cavitation in shearing OC saturated soils the initial part not
relevant...
[3]
UU tests cont.
p' cp' = peak strength dependence on w; e;... (not a constant (material parameter))
NOT TO BE TABLED (codes, standards....)!
http://labmz1.natur.cuni.cz/~bhc/s/sm1/
Atkinson, J.H. (2007) The mechanics of soils and foundations. 2 nd ed. Taylor & Francis.
Further reading:
Wood, D.M. (1990) Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics. Cambridge Univ.Press.
Mitchell, J.K. and Soga, K (2005) Fundamentals of soil behaviour. J Wiley.
Atkinson, J.H: and Bransby, P.L. (1978) The mechanics of soils. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-084077-2.
Bolton, M. (1979) A guide to soil mechanics. Macmillan Press, ISBN 0-33318931-0.
Craig, R.F. (2004) Soil mechanics. Spon Press.
Holtz, R.D. and Kovacs, E.D. (1981) An introduction to geotechnical engineering, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-
13-484394-0
Feda, J. (1982) Mechanics of particulate materials, Academia-Elsevier.)
[1] Atkinson, J.H. and Bransby, P.L. (1978) The mechanics of soils. An introduction to critical state soil
mechanics. McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead (UK).
[2] Atkinson, J.H. (2007) The mechanics of soils and foundations. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis.
[3] Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1993) Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. J Wiley&Sons.