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TRADE
STATISTICS
QUARTERLY
2017 International Monetary Fund
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Joint Bank-Fund Library
The yearbook and quarterly issues of the Direction of Trade publication provide tables with current reported
data (or estimates) on the value of merchandise trade statistics (exports and imports) by partner country for
all IMF member states and other non-member countries. Summary tables are also presented for the world
and major areas.
DVD-ROM Subscriptions
International Financial Statistics (IFS), Balance of Payments Statistics (BOPS), Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS), and Government Finance
Statistics (GFS) are available on DVD-ROM by annual subscription. The DVD-ROMs incorporate a Windows-based browser facility, as well
as a flat file of the database in scientific notation. Price of each subscription: US$250 a year for single-user PC license (US$125 for university
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Contents
Introduction xi China, P.R.: Mainland (924) 122 India (534) 222
World And Area Tables 1 China, P.R.: Hong Kong (532) 124 Indonesia (536) 224
World (001) 2 China, P.R.: Macao (546) 126 Iran, Islamic Republic of (429) 226
Advanced Economies (110) 6 Colombia (233) 128 Iraq (433) 228
Emerging and Developing Economies (200) 10 Comoros (632) 130 Ireland (178) 230
Emerging and Developing Asia (505) 14 Congo, Democratic Republic of (636) 132 Israel (436) 232
Europe (170) 18 Congo, Republic of (634) 134 Italy (136) 234
Sub-Saharan Africa (603) 22 Costa Rica (238) 136 Jamaica (343) 236
Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan (440)26 Cote dIvoire (662) 138 Japan (158) 238
Western Hemisphere (205) 30 Croatia (960) 140 Jordan (439) 240
European Union (998) 34 Cuba (928) 142 Kazakhstan (916) 242
Country Tables 39 Curacao (354) 144 Kenya (664) 244
Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of (512) 40 Cyprus (423) 146 Kiribati (826) 246
Albania (914) 42 Czech Republic (935) 148 Korea, Democratic Peoples Rep. of (954) 247
Algeria (612) 44 Denmark (128) 150 Korea, Republic of (542) 249
American Samoa (859) 46 Djibouti (611) 152 Kosovo, Republic of (967) 251
Angola (614) 48 Dominica (321) 154 Kuwait (443) 253
Anguilla (312) 50 Dominican Republic (243) 156 Kyrgyz Republic (917) 255
Antigua and Barbuda (311) 52 Ecuador (248) 159 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic (544) 257
Argentina (213) 54 Egypt (469) 161 Latvia (941) 259
Armenia, Republic of (911) 56 El Salvador (253) 163 Lebanon (446) 261
Aruba (314) 58 Equatorial Guinea (642) 165 Lesotho (666) 263
Australia (193) 60 Eritrea (643) 167 Liberia (668) 265
Austria (122) 64 Estonia (939) 169 Libya (672) 267
Azerbaijan, Republic of (912) 66 Ethiopia (644) 171 Lithuania (946) 269
Bahamas, The (313) 68 Falkland Islands (323) 173 Luxembourg (137) 271
Bahrain, Kingdom of (419) 70 Faroe Islands (816) 174 Macedonia, FYR (962) 273
Bangladesh (513) 72 Fiji (819) 176 Madagascar (674) 275
Barbados (316) 74 Finland (172) 178 Malawi (676) 277
Belarus (913) 76 France (132) 180 Malaysia (548) 279
Belgium (124) 78 French Territories: French Polynesia (887) 182 Maldives (556) 281
Belize (339) 80 French Territories: New Caledonia (839) 184 Mali (678) 283
Benin (638) 82 Gabon (646) 186 Malta (181) 285
Bermuda (319) 84 Gambia, The (648) 188 Marshall Islands, Republic of (867) 287
Bhutan (514) 86 Georgia (915) 190 Mauritania (682) 289
Bolivia (218) 88 Germany (134) 192 Mauritius (684) 291
Bosnia and Herzegovina (963) 90 Ghana (652) 194 Mexico (273) 293
Botswana (616) 92 Gibraltar (823) 196 Micronesia, Federated States of (868) 295
Brazil (223) 94 Greece (174) 198 Moldova (921) 296
Brunei Darussalam (516) 98 Greenland (326) 200 Mongolia (948) 298
Bulgaria (918) 100 Grenada (328) 202 Montenegro (943) 300
Burkina Faso (748) 102 Guam (829) 204 Montserrat (351) 302
Burundi (618) 104 Guatemala (258) 206 Morocco (686) 303
Cabo Verde (624) 106 Guinea (656) 208 Mozambique (688) 305
Cambodia (522) 108 Guinea-Bissau (654) 210 Myanmar (518) 307
Cameroon (622) 110 Guyana (336) 212 Namibia (728) 309
Canada (156) 112 Haiti (263) 214 Nauru (836) 311
Central African Republic (626) 116 Honduras (268) 216 Nepal (558) 312
Chad (628) 118 Hungary (944) 218 Netherlands (138) 314
Chile (228) 120 Iceland (176) 220 New Zealand (196) 316
Country in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the
term also covers the euro area, the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, and some nonsovereign territorial entities, for which statistical data
are provided internationally on a separate basis.
Country in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the
term also covers the euro area, the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, and some nonsovereign territorial entities, for which statistical data
are provided internationally on a separate basis.
1
The data for the European Union (EU) for all periods cover Austria, Belgium, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
2
The Export Earnings: Fuel Countries are Algeria, Angola, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Bolivia, Brunei Darussalam, Chad, Colombia, the Republic of Congo, Ecuador,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of South Sudan, Timor-Leste,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, the Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela and the Republic of Yemen.
3
Beginning in 1997, data for France include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion. French trade data includes trade of Mayotte.
1
The data for the European Union (EU) for all periods cover Austria, Belgium, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
2
The Export Earnings: Fuel Countries are Algeria, Angola, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Bolivia, Brunei Darussalam, Chad, Colombia, the Republic of Congo, Ecuador,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of South Sudan, Timor-Leste,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, the Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela and the Republic of Yemen.
3
Beginning in 1997, data for France include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion. French trade data includes trade of Mayotte.
1
The data for the European Union (EU) for all periods cover Austria, Belgium, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
2
The Export Earnings: Fuel Countries are Algeria, Angola, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Bolivia, Brunei Darussalam, Chad, Colombia, the Republic of Congo, Ecuador,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of South Sudan, Timor-Leste,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, the Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela and the Republic of Yemen.
3
Beginning in 1997, data for France include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion. French trade data includes trade of Mayotte.
1
The data for the European Union (EU) for all periods cover Austria, Belgium, Belgium-Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
2
The Export Earnings: Fuel Countries are Algeria, Angola, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Bolivia, Brunei Darussalam, Chad, Colombia, the Republic of Congo, Ecuador,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of South Sudan, Timor-Leste,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, the Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela and the Republic of Yemen.
3
Beginning in 1997, data for France include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion. French trade data includes trade of Mayotte.
The quarterly issues, yearbook, CD-ROM, and on-line covers some nonsovereign territorial entities, for which
portal of the Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) present, statistical data are maintained and provided internationally
for all member countries of the International Monetary on a separate and independent basis. The information on
Fund (the Fund) and other non-member countries, the value exports and imports by trading partners that countries
of merchandise exports and imports by partner country. report to the Fund varies in terms of frequency and
DOTS republish monthly, quarterly, annual trade statistics timeliness. Monthly data are made available on a regular
as submitted by countries to the Fund. Furthermore, and current basis (i.e., with a delay of four months or less
reported data are supplemented by estimates whenever from the current month) by all of the advanced countries
such data are not current or are not available on a monthly plus developing and emerging economies with large shares
basis. Monthly estimates are consistent with quarterly and of world trade. Together, these countries have represented
annual reported data, when available. more than 90 percent of the value of recorded world exports
and imports in recent years (Table 1). Other countries may
Data reported to DOTS follow the concepts and report monthly data that are less current, or the information
definitions of the United Nations International Merchandise may be compiled and made available in quarterly or annual
Trade Statistics (IMTS 2010), which provides the conceptual frequency.
framework and guidance for recording physical movements
of goods between countries and areas. The term Coverage of DOTS is augmented by using trade
merchandise has the same meaning as the term goods. statistics available from other international organizations.
Monthly data for all European Union member countries
The quarterly issues (DOTSQ) and the yearbook are sourced from the COMEXT database maintained by
(DOTSY) present figures for the most recent quarters and EUROSTAT. Annual data reported to the United Nations
years, respectively. The CD-ROM presents information COMTRADE database are incorporated in DOTS for
from 1980 onwards for monthly, quarterly, and annual countries that do not report to the Fund. Furthermore, the
data. The on-line portal, accessible from the IMF data page availability of partner data makes it possible to calculate
(http://data.imf.org/), presents monthly and quarterly series estimates of countries for which data are not obtainable
starting 1960, and annual data starting 1941. Area and world from other sources.
aggregates showing trade flows between major areas of the
world are also presented. Estimation procedure
World and area tables present (1) world aggregates
comprising all countries, including countries that do The estimation procedure is described in the IMF working
not report to the Fund and are estimated based on trade paper New Estimates for Direction of Trade Statistics (IMF (2017),
partner data, (2) advanced economies aggregates derived forthcoming).1 Reported data at the monthly, quarterly, and
from the figures for the countries classified as advanced annual frequencies are the basis of all estimates in DOTS.
economies with a subgroup of the Euro Area, (3) emerging When monthly data are unavailable, the DOTS database
and developing countries aggregates and subgroups, is supplemented with estimates. Briefly, the estimation
namely, Developing Asia, Europe with a sub-group of procedure proceeds as follows:
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Middle
East North Africa and Pakistan, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Estimation occurs if a reporting country does not report
Western Hemisphere, and (4) Africa, Middle East, and trade with its partners for a specific period. Data are estimated
European Union aggregates. Aggregates for the World table for all partners. In the absence of some or all of the monthly
are calculated as the sum of aggregates from the tables for DOTS, quarterly or annual reported DOTS are used. Annual
the Advanced Economies and Emerging and Developing reported data to the UN COMTRADE database are treated
Economies. It also includes trade of countries comprising as reported to the Fund. When only annual or quarterly data
the group other countries n.i.e. and data for a country or are available, the monthly trade between country A and B
area not specified and for special categories.
1 The current methodology is used to estimate periods starting January 2000.
Estimates from January 1981 to December 1999 are based on the previous
The term country, as used in this publication, does methodology, described in A Guide to Direction of Trade Statistics (1993) and
not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as available from the Funds Publications Section (www.imf.org/external/pubs/
understood by international law and practice; the term also cat/longres.cfm?sk=154.0). Estimates prior to January 2000 will be recalculated
using the current methodology in the coming months.
World Trade
Data Reported Data Estimated
Period Number of Countries1 Percent of World Trade Number of Countries Percent of World Trade
Summary tables for the world and areas are calculated Lack of destination/source country detail in published statistics:
from the data shown on the country page. They show the These conditions cause immediate problems in identifying
trade by a group of countries to and from the individual trade counterparty information from published data.
countries listed in the table. This is analogous to stacking all Destination/origin country for military and other confidential
the pages for the individual countries in an area and adding items and government goods may not be published or may
vertically to yield an aggregate table on the top of the stack. be published only by regional aggregates. A destination can
also be indeterminate and thus not be published, because
Currency the transshipment dispatcher may lack knowledge about the
ultimate destination at the time of consignment. Regional
All data are expressed in terms of U.S. dollars. As aggregates without country detail may also be published
most of the countries report in their national currency, when the trade of individual partners in a region is below
U.S. dollar equivalents are obtained by converting data at a threshold level.
period average exchange rates published in lines rf or rh
on the country pages in IFS. Data are generally converted Time of recording
at their highest available frequency and are subsequently
aggregated to longer periods: for example, monthly data A lag occurs between shipment of an export and receipt
are converted at monthly exchange rates and the resulting of an import, especially for goods that are shipped over long
U.S. dollar equivalents are aggregated to quarterly and distances. To avoid timing inconsistencies, international
annual values. national accounts and balance of payments accounting
standards recommend a change of ownership principle to
assign a date to transactions. Under this principle, an exported
Consistency between partner country data good changes ownership at shipment from the exporting
country, at which time the exporting country records an
It is sometimes assumed that corresponding export and
export and the destination country records an import (FOB).
import data between partner countries should be consistent.
However, for practical reasons in accordance with IMTS 2010,
That is, the exports from Country A to B should be equal to
the customs authorities of the importing country record the
the imports of Country B from A, after taking into account the
receipt of these goods later, when they arrive at the receiving
insurance and freight costs under the generally observed case
countrys frontier. This can cause a timing inconsistency. The
that Country B imports are valued on a CIF basis. The DOTS
result is that the same shipment can appear in an importing
estimation system uses this assumption in the few cases where
one partner has never reported data.
Les numros trimestriels, lannuaire, le disque optique et pays dAsie en dveloppement , et 4) les agrgats de
compact (CD-ROM) et le portail en ligne des statistiques sur lAfrique, du Moyen-Orient et de lUnion europenne. Les
la rpartition gographique des changes (Direction of Trade agrgats du tableau mondial correspondent la somme
Statistics DOTS) prsentent pour lensemble des pays des agrgats des tableaux des conomies avances et des
membres du Fonds montaire international (FMI) et pour pays mergents ou en dveloppement. Le tableau prsente
dautres pays non membres, la valeur des marchandises galement les donnes sur les changes dun ensemble de
quils ont exportes et importes ventile par pays pays regroups sous la rubrique Other countries n.i.e.
partenaire. DOTS republie les statistiques sur les changes (Autres pays n.i.a.), ainsi que les donnes de pays ou de
communiques par les pays au FMI sur une base mensuelle, rgions non identifies et celles appartenant aux Catgories
trimestrielle ou annuelle. En outre, lorsque les donnes ne spciales .
sont pas actualises ou disponibles tous les mois, elles sont
compltes par des estimations. Les estimations mensuelles Dans la prsente publication, le terme pays ne
cadrent avec les donnes trimestrielles et les donnes recouvre pas toujours une entit territoriale constituant
annuelles, lorsquelles sont disponibles. un tat tel quil est dfini selon la pratique et le droit
internationaux. Ce terme recouvre galement certaines
Les donnes sont communiques DOTS suivant les entits territoriales qui ne sont pas des tats souverains,
concepts et les dfinitions des International Merchandise Trade mais sur lesquelles des donnes statistiques sont tenues
Statistics (IMTS 2010 traduction franaise paratre) des jour et fournies, sparment et indpendamment, au niveau
Nations Unies. Ce manuel propose un cadre conceptuel et international. Les donnes que les pays communiquent au
des orientations pour lenregistrement des dplacements FMI sur leurs exportations et importations ventiles par
physiques de marchandises dun pays et dune rgion partenaires commerciaux ne sont pas toutes communiques
lautre. Les termes marchandise et bien ont la mme avec la mme frquence et nont pas toutes le mme degr
signification. dactualit. Toutes les conomies avances et les pays
mergents ou en dveloppement qui reprsentent une
Les numros trimestriels (DOTSQ) et lannuaire part importante des changes mondiaux, transmettent
(DOTSY) prsentent, respectivement, les chiffres des donnes mensuelles sur une base rgulire et pour la
disponibles pour les trimestres et annes les plus rcentes. priode en cours (cest--dire, dans un dlai de quatre mois
Le CD-ROM prsente des informations sur les donnes ou moins). Ces dernires annes, les changes commerciaux
mensuelles, trimestrielles et annuelles partir de 1980. Le de ces pays ont reprsent ensemble plus de 90 % de
portail en ligne, accessible sur le site Web du FMI (http:// la valeur des exportations et importations mondiales
data.imf.org/), propose des sries mensuelles et annuelles enregistres (tableau 1). Dautres pays communiquent des
partir de 1960 et des donnes annuelles partir de 1941. donnes mensuelles moins rcentes, ou ntablissent et ne
Des agrgats mondiaux et rgionaux des flux commerciaux transmettent des donnes que sur une base trimestrielle ou
entre les principales rgions du monde sont aussi prsents. annuelle.
Les tableaux tablis pour le monde et les rgions La couverture DOTS est amplifie grce aux statistiques
prsentent 1) les agrgats mondiaux couvrant lensemble sur les changes recueillies par dautres organisations
des pays, y compris des pays qui ne communiquent pas internationales. Des donnes mensuelles pour tous les
de donnes au FMI, pour lesquels des estimations sont pays membres de lUnion europenne sont tires de la base
tablies partir des donnes des partenaires commerciaux ; de donnes COMEXT, qui est gre par EUROSTAT. Les
2) les agrgats des conomies avances drivs des donnes donnes communiques COMTRADE (base de donnes
transmises par les pays faisant partie de cette catgorie, avec des Nations Unies) sont ajoutes DOTS dans le cas des
un sous-groupe pour la zone euro; 3) les agrgats et sous- pays qui ne communiquent pas de donnes au FMI. Par
groupes des pays mergents ou en dveloppement, savoir ailleurs, les renseignements communiqus par les partenaires
: Afrique subsaharienne, Europe (avec le sous-groupe de la commerciaux permettent dtablir des estimations pour les
Communaut des tats indpendants (CEI), Hmisphre pays dont on ne dispose pas de statistiques dautres sources.
occidental, Moyen-Orient, Afrique du Nord et Pakistan
Commerce mondial
Donnes communiques Donnes estimes
Toutefois, aucune estimation na t tablie pour les Les pages consacres aux pays comportent aussi des
priodes antrieures 1981, et aucune nest fonde sur des lignes de postes pour mmoire pour lAfrique, le Moyen-
donnes de rfrence correspondant 1980 o aux annes Orient et lUnion europenne (UE), les pays exportateurs de
antrieures. De plus, les donnes tires des documents combustibles et les autres pays. Les chiffres qui y figurent
des pays, mme si elles couvrent des priodes plus couvrent les changes de lensemble des membres du groupe
longues, enrichissent continuellement la base de donnes avec le pays concern. Des postes pour mmoire similaires
communiques et viennent remplacer les estimations figurent aux pages des tableaux rgionaux et mondiaux.
antrieures. Les totaux rgionaux et mondiaux sont calculs Les chiffres inscrits ces postes reprsentent la somme
partir des donnes communiques et des estimations. La des changes de tous les pays appartenant au groupe. Par
part des estimations dans les totaux mondiaux et rgionaux exemple, le poste pour mmoire du tableau World qui
augmente au fil du temps en raison du recours accru aux se rapporte lUE recouvre les changes de lensemble des
estimations pour les pays qui dclarent leurs statistiques pays membres de lUE avec le reste du monde, y compris
commerciales avec retard (voir Tableau 1). les changes entre ces mmes pays. Les donnes de lUE
ny sont pas traites comme sil sagissait dun pays unique.
Symboles Les utilisateurs intresss par ces statistiques doivent donc
soustraire du total les chiffres se rapportant aux changes
Les chiffres qui ne sont pas suivis dun symbole sont intra-UE.
des donnes tires des documents des pays en question.
La lettre r indique que les donnes sont estimes sur Des tableaux rcapitulatifs sont tablis pour le
une base mensuelle, mais sont rapproches avec les donnes monde et les rgions partir des donnes figurant sur les
officielles trimestrielles et annuelles qui sont communiqus pages consacres aux pays. Ils indiquent la rpartition des
par le pays dclarant. chan-ges globaux dun groupe de pays destination et en
La lettre e indique que les donnes sont estimes provenance de chacun des pays figurant dans le tableau. Le
laide dinformations soumises par le pays de contrepartie calcul sapparente empiler les pages de tous les pays dune
uniquement. rgion et ajouter verticalement tous les chiffres de faon
Les symboles ci-aprs sont utiliss aussi dans DOTS : obtenir un tableau global au sommet de la pile.
En los nmeros trimestrales, el anuario, el CD-ROM Independientes (CEI), los Pases en desarrollo de Asia y
y el portal en lnea de Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) Oriente Medio Norte de frica y Pakistn, y 4) agregados
se presentan, para todos los pases miembros del Fondo de frica, Oriente Medio y la Unin Europea. Los
Monetario Internacional (el Fondo) y otros pases que no agregados correspondientes al cuadro mundial se calculan
son miembros, el valor de las exportaciones e importaciones como la suma de los agregados de los cuadros sobre las
de mercancas por pas con que se comercia. DOTS economas avanzadas y las economas emergentes y en
vuelve a publicar estadsticas de comercio mensuales, desarrollo. Tambin se incluye el comercio de los pases
trimestrales y anuales conforme los pases las suministran comprendidos en el grupo de otros pases no incluidos
al Fondo. Adems, cuando los datos suministrados estn separadamente, as como datos sobre pases o regiones
desactualizados o no estn disponibles mensualmente, no especificados y algunas categoras especiales.
se complementan con estimaciones. Las estimaciones
mensuales son coherentes con los datos suministrados En esta publicacin, el trmino pas no siempre
trimestral y anualmente, cuando estos estn disponibles. se refiere a una entidad territorial que sea un Estado,
conforme al Derecho y a la prctica internacionales; dicho
Los datos suministrados a DOTS siguen los conceptos trmino abarca asimismo algunas entidades territoriales
y las definiciones de Estadsticas del comercio internacional que no son Estados soberanos, sobre las cuales se
de mercancas (ECIM 2010), documento que aporta el declaran y mantienen estadsticas internacionales por
marco conceptual y las directrices para el registro de los separado y de forma independiente. La informacin
movimientos fsicos de bienes entre pases y regiones. El que los pases suministran al Fondo en relacin con sus
trmino mercancas tiene el mismo significado que el exportaciones e importaciones, clasificada por pases
trmino bienes. con que comercian, vara en cuanto a su frecuencia y
puntualidad. Todos los pases avanzados y las economas
En los nmeros trimestrales (DOTSQ) y en el anuario emergentes y en desarrollo que representan proporciones
(DOTSY) se presentan cifras de los trimestres y aos ms importantes del comercio mundial facilitan datos
recientes, respectivamente. En el CD-ROM se presenta mensuales de forma peridica y con carcter actualizado
informacin de 1980 en adelante, correspondiente a (es decir, en un plazo no superior a cuatro meses a partir
datos mensuales, trimestrales y anuales. En el portal en del mes al que se refieren). En los ltimos aos estos
lnea, al que se puede acceder a travs de la pgina de pases, en conjunto, han representado ms del 90% del
datos del Fondo (http://data.imf.org/), se presentan series valor de las exportaciones e importaciones registradas a
mensuales y trimestrales de 1960 en adelante, y datos escala mundial (cuadro 1). Otros pases declaran datos
anuales de 1941 en adelante. Tambin se presentan los mensuales menos actualizados, o compilan y suministran
agregados mundiales y regionales que muestras los flujos informacin de forma trimestral o anual.
comerciales entre las principales regiones del mundo.
Para ampliar la cobertura de DOTS se utilizan
En los cuadros mundiales y regionales se presentan: estadsticas de comercio de otras organizaciones
1) agregados mundiales que abarcan todos los pases, internacionales. Los datos mensuales de todos los
incluidos pases que suministran informacin al Fondo Estados miembros de la Unin Europea provienen de la
y cuyos agregados se estiman a partir de datos de sus base de datos COMEXT, gestionada por EUROSTAT. En
socios comerciales; 2) agregados sobre las economas el caso de pases que no suministran datos al Fondo, se
avanzadas, derivados de las cifras correspondientes incorporan a DOTS los datos anuales declarados a la base
a los pases clasificados como tales, con un subgrupo de datos COMTRADE de las Naciones Unidas. Adems,
correspondiente a la zona del euro; 3) agregados de la informacin disponible sobre los pases con que se
los pases emergentes y en desarrollo y de una serie comercia permite preparar estimaciones sobre los pases
de subgrupos, a saber: frica subsahariana, Amrica, cuyos datos no pueden obtenerse de otras fuentes.
Europacon un subgrupo de la Comunidad de Estados
Comercio mundial
Datos declarados Datos estimados
Las cifras seguidas de la letra r corresponden a datos Los cuadros resumidos del mundo y las regiones se
estimados con frecuencia mensual, pero conciliados con calculan a partir de los datos que figuran en las pginas
informacin oficial trimestral y anual disponible por parte de pases. En esos cuadros se registra el comercio de un
del pas declarante. grupo de pases con cada uno de los pases enumerados
en el cuadro. Esto equivale a colocar una sobre otra todas
Las cifras seguidas de la letra e corresponden a datos las pginas de los distintos pases de una regin y sumar
estimados utilizando solo informacin de la contraparte. todas las cifras verticalmente en una pgina superior que
viene a ser un cuadro agregado.
En DOTS se utilizan asimismo las siguientes
convenciones y los siguientes smbolos:
Moneda
Todas las cifras se redondean a un decimal.
Todos los datos se presentan en dlares de EE.UU.
Los puntos suspensivos (...) indican que no se dispone
Puesto que la mayora de los pases declaran datos en su
de datos.
moneda nacional, los equivalentes en dlares de EE.UU.
Un 0 indica que la cifra es cero o inferior a la mitad
se obtienen convirtiendo los datos a los tipos de cambio
de un dgito significativo.
medios del perodo publicados en las lneas rf o rh de las
pginas de pases de in IFS. Por lo general, las conversiones
se basan en los datos disponibles correspondientes al
perodo ms corto y luego son agregados para obtener
datos con res- pecto a perodos ms largos: por ejemplo,
Aruba 314
As of January 2000, reported DOTS data include trade in the Aruba free trade zone.
Bahamas 313
Reported DOTS data in 1999 and IFS data beginning in 1990 exclude certain oil and chemical products.
Bahrain 419
Reported exports in DOTS and IFS include partial oil exports only. Beginning in 1998, reported imports from Saudi Arabia include oil
imports as compiled by the Bahrain Ministry of Oil & industry and published in the Monthly Bulletin of the Bahrain Monetary Agency.
Belgium 124
Prior to 1997, trade data for Belgium are recorded as trade of the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU). Belgium and BLEU trade
data are not comparable due to the employment of different compilation methodologies.
El Salvador 253
IFS data exclude trade in free trade processing zone. Beginning in 2000, DOTS data include trade in free trade processing zone.
Estonia 939
IFS data are compiled according to the general trade system of recording trade transactions and DOTS data are compiled according to the
special trade system.
France 132
Beginning in 1997, reported exports and imports data include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Runion with the
rest of the world. French trade data include trade of Mayotte.
Guatemala 258
IFS data exclude trade in the free trade processing zone. Beginning in 2004, DOTS data include trade in the free trade processing zone.
India 534
Data from 1997 to 2000, and for 2003 were adjusted to calendar year from reported data based on fiscal year beginning April.
Israel 436
IFS imports data include military goods.
Notes
Lithuania 946
Data from 2004 are compiled according to the special trade system.
Luxembourg 137
Prior to 1997, trade data for Luxembourg are recorded as trade of the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU).
Mexico 273
DOTS and IFS reported exports and imports data include trade in maquiladoras.
Netherlands 138
From 1993 through 1998, DOTS reported exports and imports exclude estimation of underreporting as a result of the establishment of
the internal European market. Trade revisions are made in the monthly data and may not necessarily be reflected in the quarterly and
annual data.
Nigeria 694
Beginning in 1995, IFS data are valued at an average (unitary) exchange rate of 70.36 naira to the U.S. dollar. This exchange rate is
the weighted average of the official rate and the market rate that went into effect in February, 1995.
Panama 283
Reported IFS and DOTS world totals exclude exports and imports of the COLON free trade processing zone. Beginning 2005, reported
DOTS annual world totals include exports and imports of the COLON free trade processing zone. Beginning in Q1 2001, imports from Japan
reflect reported exports of Japan to Panama which may represent flags of convenience.
Runion 696
Beginning in January1997, exports and imports data of Runion are combined with exports and imports data for France.
Singapore 576
Trade data published in the Singapore Trade Statistics by the Singapore Trade Development Board exclude trade with Indonesia. Starting
January 2003, Singapore reports its trade with Indonesia.
Switzerland 146
Switzerland data by partner countries include exports and imports of gold, silver, and coins from 2012. The Swiss Customs authority
disseminates exports and imports of gold, silver, and coins separately back to 1998.
Turkmenistan 925
Special category exports for 1996 and 1997 consist of natural gas sales unclassified by partner country.
Estimated Trade
Estimated country trade data produced without benchmarks may be incomplete. Because estimates are made from partner country data,
the estimates do not cover trade in cases where no partner country data have been specifically reported. For example, if the estimated
countrys trade was reported by the trading partner to a regional area rather than to the specific partner (exports to Asia not specified,
rather than exports to Lao, as an example), this data is not captured in the estimation process.