Seminar On

EFFECT OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS ON

GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF PULSES
Presented by
CHATARKAR D.V.
2015A/39ML
Dept. of SSAC
Seminar Incharge Research Guide
Dr. P.H VAIDYA Dr. V. G. TAKANKHAR
Associate Professor Associate Professor
Dept. of soil Science and Agril. Dept. of soil Science and Agril.
Chemistry, Latur. Chemistry, Ambajogai
 INTRODUCTION
.
 What is liquid Biofertilizer
Liquid biofertilizers are suspensions having agriculturally useful
microorganisms, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and solubilize
insoluble phosphates and make it available for the plant.
Liquid biofertilizer formulation is the promising and updated
technology which in spite of many advantages over the agrochemicals
left a considerable dispute among the farmer community in terms of
several reasons major being the viability of the organisms.
Liquid biofertilizer is increasingly available in the market as one of the
alternatives to chemical fertilizer and pesticide.
.
 Traditionally liquid biofertilizer produced from fermentation of effective
microorganisms (EM) was recommended to be used within one year.

Liquid biofertilizer known to influence nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen

fixation and growth, yield quality of pulses.

They reduces the use of chemical fertilizer by 15-40%.

They have long shelf life and easy to produce and apply.

More temperature tolerant and contamination free.

BENEFITS OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
The advantages of liquid biofertilizer over conventional carrier
based biofertilizer are listed below:
Longer shelf life 12-14 month.
NO contamination.
Easy to identification by typical fermented smell.
Better survival on seeds and soil.
Easy to apply.
High commercial revenues.
ROLE OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
They supplement chemical fertilizers for meeting the integrated nutrients
demand for the crop.
Appilication of bio-fertilizers results in increased and water uptake,root
development,vegetative growth and nitrogen fixation.
They acts as antagonists and suppress the incidence of soil borne plant
pathogens an thus, helps in the bio-control of diseases.
They can add 20-200kg N/ha under optimum soil condition and there by
increased crop yield 15-25%of total crop yield.
Some bio-fertilizer (e.g.Rhizobium,BGA,Azotobactor sp.) stimulate the
production of growth promoting substance like vitamine-B complex ,indole
acetic acid and gibberellic acids etc
 Phosphate solubilizing or mobilizing biofertilizer convert
the insoluble soil phosphate into soluble forms by
secreting several organic acid and under optimum
conditions they can solubilize/mobilize about 30-50 kg p2o
5

\ha due to which crop yield increased by 10 to 20%.

They liberate growth promoting substances and vitamins

and help to maintain soil fertility.
They are cheaper,pollution free and renewable energy
sources.
They improve the soil fertility and soil productivity.
Play important role in the recycling of plant nutrient
 OBJECTIVE OF APPLYING OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZER

To increased the number and biological activity of useful micro-

organisn that accelerate certain microbial processes to augment the
of availability nutrients which can be easily assimilated by plants.
The need for the use of biofertilizers arisen primarily due to two
reasons i.e.through the chemical fertilizers increase crop productivity
and crop production but intensive use of the chemical fertilizer has
caused serious concern to soil texture, soil fertility and other
environmental problems;use of biofertilizer is both economical as
well as environment friendly.
HOW TO APPLY LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER

There are three ways of using liquid Bio-fertilizer

1. Seed treatment

2. Root dipping

3. Soil application
Seed Treatment
Seed Treatment is a most common method adopted for all types of inoculants. The seed
treatment is effective and economic.For small quantity of seeds (up to 5 kgs quantity) the coating
can done in a plastic bag. For this purpose, a plastic bag having size (21 x 10) or big size can be
used.

The bag should be filled with 2 kg or more of seeds. The bag should be closed in such a way to
trap the airs as much as possible. The bag should be squeezed for 2 minutes or more until all the
seed are uniformly wetted.

Then bag is opened, inflated again and shaked gently. Stop shaking after each seeds gets a
uniform layer of culture coating. The bag is opened and the seed is dried under the shade for 20-
30 minutes.

For large amount of seeds coating can be done in a bucket and inoculant can be mixed directly
with hand. Seed Treatment with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, along with PSM can be
done.
Root dipping
For application of Azospirillum/ /PSM on paddy transplating/ vegetable
crops this method is used. The required quantity of Azospirillum/ /PSM
has to be mixed with 5-10 litres of water at one corner of the field and
the roots of seedlings has to be dipped for a minimum of half-an-hour
before transplantation.
Soil application
Use 200ml of PSM per acre. Mix PSM with 400 to 600 kgs of Cow dung
FYM along with bag of rock phosphate if available. The mixture of PSM,
cow dung and rock phosphate have to be kept under any tree or under
shade for over night and maintain 50% moisture. Use the mixture as soil
application in rows or during leveling of soil.
Classification of liquid biofertilizers
Sr. No. Groups Examples
N2 fixing Biofertilizers
1 Free living Azotobactor,Clostridium,Nostoc
2 Symbiotic Rhizobium, frankia,Anabaena azolla
3 Associative Symbiotic Azospirillum
P Solubilizing Biofertilizers
1 Bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Phosphaticum
2 Fungi Penicillium sp.,Aspergillus awamori
P Mobilizing biofertilizers
1 Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.
2 Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria sp.,Amanita sp.
3 Ericoid mycorrhiza Pezizella ericae
4 Orchid mycorrhiza Rhizoctonia solani
Biofertilizers for Micro nutrient
1 Silicate and Zinc solubilizers Bacillus sp.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
1 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens
Dosage of Liquid biofertilizer in Different Crops

Crop Recommended Application method

Biofertilizer (5 ml / kg seed)
Pulses Rhizobium /PSB Seed treatment
( chicpea,Green
gram,Black gram
Pigeon pea etc )
Cereals Azotobacter Seed treatment
(Wheat,Oat,Rice etc) /Azopirillum,PSB
Oil seed Azotobactor/PSB
(Musterd,Seasum, Seed treatment
Sunflower,Castor etc)
Millets Azotobactor/PSB Seed treatment
( Pearl millets,Finger
millets,Kodo millets
etc)
Table 1 Area, production and productivity of major pulses in India
( Areas: lakh ha, production ; lakh tonnes, productivity ; kg/ha)

Particulars Area Percent Production percent Productivity

Chickpea 73.7 38.71 58.9 48.28 799.19

Tur 36.3 19.07 27.6 22.62 760.33

Mungbean 34.4 18.07 14 11..48 406.98

Uradbean 31 16.28 14 11.48 451.61

Lentil 15 7.88 9.5 7.79 633.33

Total 190.4 100.0 124 101.64 651.2

 Growth Of Black Gram influenced by various treatment

Treatment Mean plant height at No. of leaves at harvest Total dry matter at
harvest harvest (g)
T1-RDF+Rhizobium(CB) 38.87 3.07 12.25
T2-RDF+PSB(CB) 37.60 3.05 9.58
T3-RDF+Rhizobium(CB)+PSB(CB) 42.67 3.36 13.90

T4-RDF+Rhizobium(LB) 40.33 3.23 13.58

T5-RDF+PSB(LB) 37.67 3.08 11.50
T6-RDF+Rhizobium(LB)+PSB(LB) 44.20 3.80 14.50
T7-RDFOnly 35.07 2.47 7.41
SE 1.6 20.2 10.74
C.D at 5% 4.88 0.64 2.22
General Mean 39.49 3.15 11.82

Department of Agronomy,VNMKV,Parbhani Dorle et. al. (2015)

 Seed, straw yield and biological yield (kg /ha)of black gram as influenced by various
treatment

Treatment Seed yield (kg /ha) Straw yield (kg/ha) Biological yield(kg/ha)
T1-RDF+Rhizobium(CB) 979.48 2084.10 3063.58
T2-RDF+PSB(CB) 934.01 1928.67 2862.68
T3-RDF+Rhizobium(CB)+PSB(CB) 1079.74 2131.6 3210.73
T4-RDF+Rhizobium(LB) 1034.74 2116.51 3151.25
T5-RDF+PSB(LB) 952.5 1962.63 2914.68
T6-RDF+Rhizobium(LB)+PSB(LB) 1209.72 2248.13 3457.84
T7-RDFOnly 781.15 1774.71 2555.87
SE 73.71 87.21 118.90
C.D at 5% 222.55 263.31 358.97
General Mean 995.75 2035.20 3030.95

Department of Agronomy,VNMKV,Parbhani Dorle et. al.(2015)

 Effect of biofertiizers on yield of cowpea and nutrient status of harvested soil

treatment Seed yield Straw yield Organic Available Available Available Potassium
q/ha q/ha carbon(%) Nitrogen kg/ha Phosphorouskg/ha kg/ha
Biofrtilizer
No inoculation 10.50 18.55 0.245 121.53 15.86 150.26
Rhizobium 12.15 21.33 0.256 131.42 19.86 169.53
PSB 11.93 21.01 0.253 131.14 19.90 164.70
Rhizobium+PSB 13.65 23.78 0.267 155.67 20.89 179.54
S.Em- 0.34 0.65 0.003 3.20 0.34 2.53
CD(P=0.05) 0.98 1.84 0.009 9.13 0.96 7.22

S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner,Rajasthan-303 329

Khan et al. (2013)
 Growth parameters,root nodulation and yield attributing characters of blackram as influenced by sulphur levels
and bioretilizer trearment (Mean of two years)
Plant height (cm) NO of Wt of root DRY matter /plants Pods/plants Seeds/plants 1000-grain Seed weight/plants Straw wt/plants (g)
branches/plants nodules/plant weight(g) (g)

S level

0 22.47 7.91 4.85 30.82 30.72 8.00 50.84 3.43 8.98

15 22.61 8.38 5.28 31.83 32.58 8.16 52.47 3.77 9.11

30 22.95 8.50 5.80 33.00 34.34 8.17 52.39 3.67 9.68

45 22.86 9.11 6.18 34.28 34.54 8.20 52.84 3.99 10.17

60 23.55 9.37 6.46 35.94 37.16 8.43 54.93 4.15 10.81

C.D.(P=0.05) 0.26 0.11 0.22 0.31 4.60 0.16 2.04 0.31 1.14

Biofertilizers

No biofertilizer 21.24 7.52 4.73 23.01 29.22 7.35 49.47 3.52 8.08

Rhizobium bacteria 23.23 8.73 5.64 36.14 34.54 8.12 52.25 3.69 9.66

PSB 22.07 7.94 5.14 33.70 32.68 8.35 52.65 3.61 9.35

Rhizobium+PSB 25.01 10.43 7.31 39.84 39.02 8.95 56.40 4.39 11.90

C.D.(P=0.05) 0.23 0.10 0.20 0.28 4.12 0.14 1.83 0.28 1.02

Interaction Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig

Department of Crop science,Santa,M.P. Marko et. al. (2013)

 Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizer on growth parameters of cowpea
Treatment Plant height (cm) No.of Chlorophyll Total root Effective root Fresh wight Dry weight Leghaemoglobin
branches/plant content(mg/g) nodules nodules (mg/plant) (mg/plant) content(mg/g)
Fertility levels

F0:Control 58.26 7.90 1.95 4509 29.58 424.5 90.98 1.44

F1: 100%rRDF 61.38 8.73 2.17 47.96 31.44 455.0 98.46 1.69
F2: 75%rRDF+ VC(2t/ha) 63.21 9.47 2.37 51.00 33.58 503.3 106.50 2.09
F3: 100%rRDF+VC(2t/ha) 66.18 9.72 2.46 53.20 34.80 525.3 111.31 2.20
S.E. 1.34 0.25 0.06 0.98 0.65 10.02 2.38 0.05
C>D>(P=o.o5 3.88 0.72 0.17 2.84 1.87 28.93 6.86 0.15
Biofertilizers 424.0
B0:No inculation 58.46 7.98 1.92 45.13 29.13 91.20 1.32
B1:Rhizobium 62.45 9.10 2.29 49.49 32.58 480.0 103.41 2.01
B2:PSB 62.09 8.93 2.26 49.07 32.44 474.0 101.04 1.92
B3:Rhizobium+ PSb 66.03 9.81 2.48 53.59 35.25 530.0 111.60 2.17
S.E. 1.34 0.25 0.06 0.98 0.65 10.02 2.38 0.05
C.D.(P=0.05) 3.88 0.72 0.17 2.84 1.87 28.93 6.86 0.15

Dept. of SSAC, SKN Agril Univercity, Jobner Meena et. al. (2015)
 Effect of fertility levels and biofertilizer on yield attributes and yield of cowpea

Treratnent No.of pods No.of seeds Test weight(g) Seed yield Straw yield Biological yield Harvest
/plant /pod (q/ha) (q/ha) (q/ha) index %

Fertility levels
F0:Control 7.03 7.24 75.80 9.20 16.26 25.46 35.88
F1: 100%rRDF 8.49 8.08 76.30 10.90 20.93 31.83 34.01
F2: 75%rRDF+ VC(2t/ha) 9.21 8.79 76.80 16.11 24.96 40.37 39.64

F3: 100%rRDF+VC(2t/ha) 9.40 9.21 76.98 16.61 25.19 41.80 39.47

S.E. 0.24 0.23 2.13 0.27 0.61 0.98 0.95

C>D>(P=o.o5 0.68 0.67 NS 0.77 1.76 2.84 NS
Biofertilizers
B0:No inculation 7.22 7.27 75.88 9.10 16.81 25.91 34.77
B1:Rhizobium 8.75 8.45 76.60 14.10 22.74 36.79 37.95
B2:PSB 8.65 8.39 76.48 13.52 22.61 36.26 36.92
B3:Rhizobium+ PSb 9.51 9.21 76.92 16.09 24.40 40.49 39.36
S.E. 0.24 0.23 2.13 0.27 0.61 0.98 0.95
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.68 0.67 NS 0.77 1.76 2.84 NS

Dept. of SSAC, SKN Agril Univercity, Jobner Meena et. al. (2015)
 Productivity, economicsand qulities of black gram as influenced by sulphure levels and biofertilizer treatment
Treatment Grain yield Harvest index Net income(%) Differences Benefit : Cost Seed protein Protein yield Carbohydrate
(q/ha) (%) over control ratio content (%)
(Rs./ha)
Sulphur levels
0 9.23 35.24 16070 - 1.90 20.29 188.0 0348
15 10.10 36.59 18683 2613 2.01 21.42 216.9 0.385
30 10.70 37.56 20323 4253 2.07 22.52 241.5 0.441
45 11.27 37.93 21883 5813 2.13 23.30 263.2 0.478
60 11.97 38.36 23908 7838 2.20 23.88 286.4 0.503
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.67 2.00 - - - 0.38 2.41 0.018

Biofertilizer
No biofertilizer 9.40 36.63 15940 - 1.86 21.77 205.6 0.373
Rhizobium 10.73 39.24 20176 4236 2.10 22.16 238.8 0.465
bacteria
PSB 10.25 35.58 18707 2767 1.98 22.29 229.5 0.372
Rhizobium 12.24 36.14 25870 9930 2.35 22.91 281.4 0.512
+PSB
C.D. 0.60 2.33 - - - 0.34 2.17 0.016
(P=0.05)
Interaction Sig. Sig. - - - Sig. Sig. Sig

Department of Crop science, Satna, M.P. Marko et. al.(2013)

 Performance of Black gram under various Biofertilizers treatment
Treatment Average No of Average Length of pod (cm) Average No of grains/pod Test weight Yield/ha.(q)
pod/plant
Control 31.96 3.87 5.03 33.17 8.23
25 kg P 33.60 4.10 5.47 34.17 9.16
10 kg N 23.20 4.10 5.40 33.17 8.57
25 kg P+ 10 kg N 35.37 4.17 5.87 34.37 9.62
PSB 32.27 3.90 5.17 33.33 8.49
PSB+ 25 kg P 34.00 3.93 5.60 34.23 9.45
PSB + 10 kg N 32.47 3.93 5.43 33.80 8.60
PSB+25 kg P+ 10 kg N 36.20 4.17 6.13 34.50 10.11
Rhizobium 32.00 4.03 5.10 33.33 8.39
Rhizobium + 25 kg P 34.30 4.10 5.53 34.17 9.27
Rhizobium + 10 kg N 34.40 3.90 5.43 33.57 8.58
Rhizobium +25 kg P+ 10 kg N 36.10 3.03 6.07 34.37 9.71
Rhizobium +PSB 32.30 3.90 5.20 33.40 8.51
Rhizobium + PSB + 25 kg P 34.63 4.17 5.87 34.27 9.62
Rhizobium + PSB+ 10 kg N 33.43 3.90 5.47 34.13 8.88
Rhizobium +PSB +25 kg P+10 kg N 37.17 4.20 6.17 34.60 10.31

CD @ 5 % (P=0.05) 0.84 0.20 0.32 0.29 0.77

Sheikh et.al. (2012)

Dept. of Agronomy Deemed Univrsity, Allahabad
 Effect of biofertilizer and sulphur levels on growth and yield of black gram
Treatment Plant ht (cm ) Nodules Dry weight (60 Yield (q/ha.) Straw yield (Q/ha)
(30DAS) (45DAS) DAS)
Control 25.78 32.67 12.63 7.23 24.40
20 kg S / ha 27.29 34.00 13.08 7.43 24.50
30 kg S /ha 27.28 33.10 13.00 7.40 24.43
PSB 27.34 34.60 13.88 7.57 25.43
PSB +20 kg S / ha 27.77 37.80 14.61 8.20 26.17
PSB +30 kg S/ ha 27.67 37.60 14.45 7.87 26.07
Rhizobium 28.27 40.00 8.43 8.43 26.47
Rhizobium + 20 kg S / ha 28.86 43.67 16.53 8.90 27.33
Rhizobium + 30 kg S/ ha 28.47 41.60 16.05 8.60 27.10
Rhizobium +PSB 29.60 43.93 16.89 9.23 27.67
Rhizobium +PSB + 20 kg S / 31.13 50.74 17.97 10.57 28.37
ha
Rhizobium +PSB + 30 kg S / 30.09 49.73 17.63 9.77 27.39
ha
S.Em 0.17 0.32 0.08 0.08 0.06
C.D.Dept.
at 5 %of Agronomy Deemed Univrsity,
0.35 Allahabad0.67 0.16 0.16et. al. (2007)
Khatkar 0.13
 Integrated nutrient management with biofertilizers in Pigeonpea under rainfed situation
Treatment Nodule Dry wt/plant Plant height Dry wt /plant Plot Yield
number/plant (mg) (cm) at 45 DAS PL.dry wt (kg/ha)
(kg)
Uninoculated control 6.93 18.40 46.00 2.54 2.33 859
RDF(20:50NP kg/ha) 4.93 24.87 42.67 3.04 3.17 1157
RDF+(Rh+PSB) 6.53 34.40 59.33 3.67 3.43 1208
Compost(10t/ha) 7.53 33.17 60.67 3.58 3.33 1033
Compost+(Rh+PSB) 8.53 31.53 70.00 3.51 3.50 1054
RDF(50%) +compost 10.07 33.87 65.53 3.80 3.90 1111
(2.5t/ha)+(Rh+PSB)
RDF (50%) + compost (5t/ha) + 11.27 37.73 69.33 4.59 4.37 1265
(Rh+PSB)
RDF(25%) + compost (5t/ha) 11.80 35.40 72.67 3.64 3.63 1219
+(Rh+PSb)
S.Em 0.27 1.70 2.17 0.17 0.14 60
CD at 5 % 1.72 5.16 8.41 0.51 0.43 182
CV(%) 11.61 9.46 7.91 8.25 7.08

Department of Agril. Microbiology college of agri. Bijapur Patil et. al. (2004)
 Effect of biofertilizers on yield and yield characters of summer green gram
Treatment Pods/pla Pod Seeds/pod Test Seed Seed Stover Harvest
nt length(cm) wt.(cm) yield/plant yield yield index (%)
(g) (kg/ha) (kg/ha)
Bio-
fertilizerts
B0 : control 21.49 6.83 8.49 44.91 3.57 800 5189 13.35
B1 : PSB 22.90 7.20 9.04 45.43 3.75 1075 5753 15.74
inoculation
B2 23.03 7.28 9.48 45.98 4.08 1100 5800 16.40
:Rhiziobium
inoculation
S.E. 0.24 0.07 0.20 0.23 0.13 36.60 134.91 0.58
C.D. at 5% 0.70 0.20 0.56 0.66 0.38 105.32 388.17 NS
Interaction Sig. Sig. NS NS NS NS NS NS
(P)
C.V. (%) 4.35 3.91 8.75 4.57 14.04 14.04 9.73 14.66

Krushi Vigyan Kendra, Dedipada Gujarat Gajera et.al.(2014)

Yeild attributes and yield of pigeonpea influenced by different fertility level
Treatment (Fertility No.of Test Grain Stalk yield Harvest Index
levels) pods/plan wt.(1000) yield(kg/ha) (kg/ha)
t
50% RDF 129.90 94.80 1235 3706 18.3
100 %RDF 135.87 96.42 1445 4548 19.0
50 % RDF + 5t FYM 139.66 98.60 1649 4942 19.2
50 % RDF +5t Fym +Rh + 142.53 99.76 1800 5481 19.4
PSB
50 % RDF +Rh + PSB 132.70 95.31 1317 4337 19.0
100 % RDF+5t FYM 142.43 99.63 1763 5322 19.4
100 % RDF+5t 144.77 101.10 1837 5531 19.6
FYM+Rh+PSB
100%RDF+Rh+PSB 136.86 97.32 1499 4624 19.2
CD at 5 % 1.31 1.04 199.4 62.3 0.34

Department of Agronomy BHU, Varansi Singh et. al.

Conclusion
Combined inoculation of liquid biofertilizers such as Rhizobium,PSB,
Azospirillum, Azotobacter could enhance the morphological parameters
such as height of the plant, number of leaves, Shoot length, Root length,
number of roots, root nodules, and biochemical constituents such as
Chlorophyll, Protein.
Compared to individual inoculation and control, could be the collective
effect of liquid biofertilizer, and also reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
Bio-fertilizer like Rhizobium and PSB plays an important role in increasing
availability of phosphorous and nitrogen through increase in biological N-
fixation and enhance the phosphorous availability to crop.
Use of liquid biofertilizer significantaly increase yield and quility of pulses.