Tate 1

Annotated Bibliography

Shooting Their Shot: How Race and Police Correlate

Karleigh Tate

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1104

October 12, 2017

 Tate 2
Annotated Bibliography
Alpert, Geoffrey P, and William C Smith. How Reasonable Is the Reasonable Man: Police and
Excessive Force. North Western Law. (1994-1995): 490-497. Web.
scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=crim_facpub.
This scholarly journal addresses how a police officer might take excessive force
on a victim and in what circumstances it is performed. This is a non-biased
journal entry, listing factual statements and possibilities. In this journal, many
scenarios are given, such as escape of a suspect or the physical threat a suspect
might bring upon an officer. Options are listed of how the officer may handle
the scenario. It also mentions ways on how to handle a situation if an officer
has had to use excessive force, whether it should be investigated by an outside
source or otherwise. I find the authors of this journal to be non-biased. The
journal seems well composed with reliable facts. This is an academic source.
I found this source to be beneficial towards my topic because it lists the
scenarios in which an officer may use excessive force and how it is justified.
Makarechi, Kia. What the Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias. The Hive, Vanity
Fair. Web. 14 July 2016.
www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/07/data-police-racial-bias
Commented [JJ1]: Add Date Accessed
Commented [JJ2]: Option: Such as a suspect escaping or
the physical harm one could bring upon an officer.
Commented [JJ3]: Use a transition word here before the
word option.
Commented [JJ4]: Try to use more transition words like
Additionally so that it flows more and isnt so broken up.
Commented [JJ5]: Change to and whether or not
Commented [JJ6]: Remove
Commented [JJ7]: Instead, you could say This journal is
reliable because not only is it peer reviewed, but also
references several sources throughout. Only put that if it is
actually peer reviewed through.
Commented [JJ8]: Maybe talk about the authors and what
they have done to be deemed reliable. Degrees, other
journals they have appeared in, ect.
Commented [JJ9]: Web and Date Accessed need to go
after the link. Same with the previous source.
 Tate 3

This webpage addresses 18 findings of how police brutality corresponds to race. Commented [JJ10]: Instead of webpage: article from
Vanity Fair
Commented [JJ11]: Scenarios
The author of this article has more of a biased standpoint, yet still stating that the
Commented [JJ12]: Instead: but does admit

information in the article doesnt apply to all officers. This article gives the Commented [JJ13]: The

statistics of white and black Americans involved with police. It makes claims
that it is more common for an officer to target a black American even when the
statistics used in this article show that white Americans are more subject to crime.
This author is a publisher for a popular website. I wouldnt claim that all the mean?
statements in this article are justified and reliable. The intended audience of this
article would be people supporting campaigns against police brutality. This source
Commented [JJ14]: Involved with police how? Explain
further because if I didnt know what you were talking
about, it could be taken many different ways
Commented [JJ15]: Who? What?
Commented [JJ16]: Maybe: Despite the fact that statistics
show
Commented [JJ17]: remove
Commented [JJ18]: reword. What does subject to crime
Commented [JJ19]: What else has she done to make her
credible
Commented [JJ20]: Why not. Explain. Does she or does
she not have proof backing her up?

allows me to consider other opinions and views on the controversial issue.

Selby, Nick. Police Arent Targeting and Killing Black Men. National Review. Web. 28 July Commented [JJ21]: Refer to my comments on the first
two.

2017.

www.nationalreview.com/article/449505/police-shootings-black-men-race-not-

reason-causal-effect.

This webpage addresses how police are accused of targeting a minority race and

the author argues statistics given by other sources that dont provide the full

information. Those shot unarmed stand out, but two-thirds of those shot
unarmed of any race were caught committing a violent crime. The author
Commented [JJ22]: Expand a lot on this, too many vague
statements in one sentence. What do the statistics say,
what information isnt ful?
Commented [JJ23]: Keep this if it is real but if you are just
saying a random stat then leave it out.
 Tate 4

of this article is a Dallas-area Police Detective, causing him to be biased towards

law enforcement. I find the source to be partially reliable because a detective has

knowledge of criminal statistics. This source will be useful in my research

because it comes from a member of law enforcement who is targeted in this Commented [JJ24]: But what will it help you argue.

controversy.

Black, White, and Blue: Americans' Attitudes on Race and Police. Roper Center. Web. 28 July Commented [JJ25]: again

2017. ropercenter.cornell.edu/black-white-blue-americans-attitudes-race-police/.

This webpage compares polls throughout the years that address race and how

police are perceived. The author of this article has a non-biased point of view. Commented [JJ26]: Summarize more if you can

Since this article appears to be non-biased, it makes for a good source to use. It
gives many statistics on the polls taken through the years which is beneficial for
my topic in understanding how the public perceives police and their correlation
with racial aspects.
Commented [JJ27]: What gives you the impression it is
non-biased
Commented [JJ28]: who
Commented [JJ29]: Polls from what kind of sources.
Commented [JJ30]: What has the author done to make
him or her reliable.
Other than non-bias, what makes it reliable.