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Engineering Encyclopedia

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

STRUCTURAL STEEL CODES AND STANDARDS

Note: The source of the technical material in this volume is the Professional
Engineering Development Program (PEDP) of Engineering Services.
Warning: The material contained in this document was developed for Saudi
Aramco and is intended for the exclusive use of Saudi Aramcos employees.
Any material contained in this document which is not already in the public
domain may not be copied, reproduced, sold, given, or disclosed to third
parties, or otherwise used in whole, or in part, without the written permission
of the Vice President, Engineering Services, Saudi Aramco.

Chapter : Civil and Structural For additional information on this subject, contact
File Reference: CSE-109.02 PEDD Coordinator on 874-6556
Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

MODULE COMPONENT PAGE

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3

APPLICATION OF STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ................................................ 4


Applicable Standards and Publications................................................................. 4
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) ........................................ 4
Saudi Aramco Standards ........................................................................... 4
Manuals and References...................................................................................... 7
AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction ....................................................... 7
AISC Engineering for Steel Construction ................................................... 8
Structural Steel Manufacturers Design Manuals and Design
Aids............................................................................................................ 8
DETERMINING THE PROPERTIES OF STEEL MEMBERS AND
CAPACITIES OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS .................................................................... 9
Part 1, Dimensions and Properties ....................................................................... 9
Part 2, Beam and Girder Design......................................................................... 10
Part 3, Column Design ....................................................................................... 11
Part 4, Connections ............................................................................................ 12
Part 6, Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Tables........................................ 12
Part 7, Symbols and Index ................................................................................. 12
SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR
STRUCTURAL TYPES ................................................................................................. 13
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: ASD and PD .................................. 13
AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges............ 14
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490
Bolts......................................................................................................... 15
APPLYING SELECTED AISC-REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS............................... 16
ASTM (Materials)................................................................................................ 16
ANSI A58.1, "Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design
Loads in Buildings and Other Structures (Loads)" ................................... 17
AWS D1.1, "Structural Welding Code, Steel"........................................... 18

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel


Structural Members ................................................................................. 18
APPLYING SELECTED SAUDI ARAMCO STEEL DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS, STANDARDS, AND SPECIFICATIONS ......................................... 19
SAES-M-100, "Saudi Aramco Building Code" .................................................... 19
SAES-M-001, "Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures"...................... 20
12-SAMSS-007, "Miscellaneous Steel Structures" ............................................. 20
SUMMARY.................................................................................................................... 21

WORK AID 1: PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING PROPERTIES OF


STEEL MEMBERS AND CAPACITIES OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS .......................... 22
Work Aid 1A: Procedures for Using Dimensions and Properties Tables............ 22
Work Aid 1B: Procedures for Using Beam and Girder Design Tables ............... 23
Work Aid 1C: Procedures for Using Column Design Tables .............................. 24
WORK AID 2: STRUCTURAL STEEL CODES AND STANDARDS............................. 25

GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................. 26

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

INTRODUCTION

Structural Steel Codes and Standards is the second module of


the Analysis and Design of Steel Structures course. In this
module the Participant will be introduced to the various
specifications and codes used in the design of steel structures
within Saudi Aramco facilities. The purpose and scope of these
specifications and codes are also covered.

The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Manual(s)


of Steel Construction will be referenced frequently throughout
this module. The Red book and the Green book on
Allowable Stress Design (ASD), which are the 8th and 9th
editions, and the Blue book on Load and Resistance Factor
Design (LRFD), first edition, are reviewed.

The Participant will also learn how to select the properties of


steel members and determine the capacities of beams and
columns using the structural steel data and design aids from the
AISC Manual of Steel Construction. The module presents the
specifications and standards referenced by the AISC manual.
The module also introduces the application of selected Saudi
Aramco design requirements for structural steel design.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

APPLICATION OF STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS

Applicable Standards and Publications

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

AISC is a professional organization for the fabricated steel


industry. The institute publishes manuals, textbooks,
specifications, and technical booklets.

The AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction for (1) Allowable


Stress Design (ASD) and Plastic Design (PD) (Red and Green
books) and (2) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
(Blue book) are the most commonly used AISC publications.

Manual(s) of Steel Construction - Each of these manuals


contains the following specifications and codes:

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings


AISC Code of Standard Practice
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325
or A490 Bolts
These publications provide a uniform practice for the design of
steel-framed buildings. They provide design criteria for routine
use, but they are not intended to cover problems that occur
infrequently in the full range of structural design.

The manuals also provide information on the basis and


limitations of the various provisions of the design specifications
so that designers, fabricators, and erectors can make proper
use of the specifications.

Saudi Aramco Standards

The Saudi Aramco Standards are generally modifications to


industry standards that have been adopted by Saudi Aramco.
These modifications reflect requirements specific to Saudi
Aramco construction needs.

SAES-M-100, "Saudi Aramco Building Code" - The Saudi


Aramco Building Code (SABC) is made up of the Uniform
Building Code (UBC) in its entirety, except as modified by
SABC.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

The purpose of the SABC is to provide minimum standards to


safeguard life or limb, health, property, and public welfare. The
SABC accomplishes this by regulating and controlling the
design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy,
and location and maintenance of all buildings and structures
within Saudi Aramco jurisdiction.

The provisions of the SABC apply to the construction, alteration,


moving, demolition, repair, and use of any building within Saudi
Aramco jurisdiction. Excluded from these provisions are work
located primarily in a public way, public utility towers and poles,
and mechanical equipment not specifically regulated in this
code.

SAES-M-100 is composed of numerous publications


and standards. In addition to specific Saudi Aramco
engineering standards and specifications, the
following organizations have publications referenced
and included as part of SAES-M-100.

American Concrete Institute (ACI)

American Institute for Steel Construction (AISC)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)

Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO)

For a complete list of the specific publications, refer to SAES-M-


100, Section C.

SAES-M-001, "Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel


Structures" - This standard covers mandatory requirements
governing the design of all steel structures except buildings,
communication towers, and offshore structures.

Section 4 of this standard provides guidance in selecting the


appropriate design criteria, including loading requirements.

In addition to specific Saudi Aramco engineering standards, the


following organizations have referenced publications included as
part of SAES-M-001:

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)

American Association of State Highway and


Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

For a complete list of the specific publications, refer to SAES-M-


001, Section 4.

12-SAMSS-007, "Miscellaneous Steel Structures" - This


specification defines the requirements for design, material
selection, shop fabrication, marking for erection, and erection of
steel structures. Excluded from this specification are offshore
structures and structural steel buildings.

In addition to specific Saudi Aramco engineering standards, the


following organizations have publications referenced and
included as part of 12-SAMSS-007:

American Welding Society (AWS)

Steel Structures Paint Council (SSPC)

United States Federal Communications Commission


(U.S. FCC)

Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)

American Petroleum Institute (API)

American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

For a complete list of the specific publications, refer to 12-


SAMSS-007, Part II.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

Manuals and References

AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction

Red or Green Book - The AISC Manual of Steel


Construction for ASD and PD is also referred to as the Red or
Green book. The Red book is the 8th edition; the Green book is
the 9th and most current edition. This manual provides
structural steel data, details, and design criteria for ASD and
PD. Although the Red and Green books are similar, there have
been some changes in organization in addition to new and
updated provisions provided in the Green book.

The manual consists of the following seven parts:

1. Dimensions and Properties


2. Beam and Girder Design
3. Column Design
4. Connections
5. Specifications and Codes
6. Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Tables
7. Symbols and Index
A more detailed discussion of these parts is presented later in
this module.

Part 5, Specifications and Codes, provides specific design


criteria and limitations for the application of ASD and PD
principles.

Blue Book - The Manual of Steel Construction, first edition,


for LRFD is commonly referred to as the Blue Book. This
manual provides structural steel data, details, and design
criteria for LRFD. It is organized into sections, similar to the
Green book.

Part 6, Specifications and Codes, provides design criteria and


limitations for the application of LRFD.

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Structural Steel Codes and Standards

AISC Engineering for Steel Construction

This manual provides information for the design and detailing of


structural steel connections and details. Both bolted and
welded connections are considered. Design procedures are
included for the following types of construction:

Simple shear connections


Moment connections
Skewed connections
Column base and splice connections
Structural Steel Manufacturers Design Manuals and Design Aids

To aid the designer, various manufacturers of steel products


publish catalogs or manuals about their products. These
publications include tables with dimensioning and properties
data similar to those found in the AISC manuals. Products from
these manufacturers are typically limited to architectural
applications.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

DETERMINING THE PROPERTIES OF STEEL MEMBERS AND CAPACITIES OF


BEAMS AND COLUMNS

The following information covers the contents of the AISC


Manual of Steel Construction (Green book). The manual
consists of seven parts, each of which is organized to present
the data in a logical manner. Part 5 of the manual is covered
later in this module.

Part 1, Dimensions and Properties

Part 1 contains information on structural shapes, structural tees,


double angles, combination sections, and steel pipe and
structural tubing. This part of the manual contains tables
providing the dimensions and properties of the various section
types and sizes.

Sample Problem: Finding the Dimensions and Properties of a


Section

Given:

For a W 12 x 50 section, find the dimensions and properties.

Solution:

Reference AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th edition, Part


1, pp. 1-28 and 1-29, and Work Aid 1A. Select the W 12 x 50
entry.

Answer:

Record the dimensions and properties of the member.

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Structural Steel Codes and Standards

Part 2, Beam and Girder Design

Part 2 of the manual contains selection tables for ASD and PD


methods of beam selection. These tables are presented for the
W and M shapes only. Part 2 also provides tables of allowable
loads for W, M, and S shapes and channels (C, MC) used as
beams. Charts for determining the allowable bending moments
of W and M shapes are also included. The last section of Part 2
contains beam diagrams and formulas for various loading
conditions.

Sample Problem: Finding the Allowable Uniform Load for a


Beam

Given:

Determine the allowable uniform load for a W 12 x 50 beam with


a span of 20 ft. The beam is simply supported at its ends and is
laterally supported. Use Fy = 36 ksi steel.

Solution:

Reference AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th edition, Part


2, p. 2-68, and Work Aid 1B. Select the W 12 x 50 entry.

Answer:

The allowable uniform load = 51 kips.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

Part 3, Column Design

Part 3 of the manual contains tables of allowable stresses for


compression members and tables of allowable concentric loads
on columns for a variety of section types and sizes.

Sample Problem: Finding the Allowable Axial Load for a


Column

Given:

For a W 12 x 50 column with an effective length of 20 ft, find the


allowable axial load using Fy = 36 ksi steel.

Solution:

Reference AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th edition, Part


3, p. 3-28, and Work Aid 1C. Select the W 12 x 50 entry.

Answer:

The allowable axial load = 146 kips.

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Structural Steel Codes and Standards

Part 4, Connections

Part 4 of the manual provides engineering data and tabular


information for the design of connections. Examples in the
manual illustrate the use of the information for specific
applications. The data provided include:

Allowable loads for bolts

Allowable loads for various types of welded and


bolted connections

Typical details of beam and column connections

Standard welding symbols

Part 6, Miscellaneous Data and Mathematical Tables

Part 6 contains miscellaneous information to assist the


designer. Information on the effects of heat on structural steel
and coefficients of thermal expansion for various materials is
included. Also included is a collection of charts and tables
covering weights, measures, and conversion factors for building
materials. Geometric and trigonometric data is also provided.

Part 7, Symbols and Index

In addition to the alphabetically arranged index, this part defines


the symbols used in the manual.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL


TYPES

Part 5 of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction: ASD and PD


(Green book) contains the following specifications and codes:

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: ASD


and PD
AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings
and Bridges
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325
or A490 Bolts
Also included are appendixes and commentaries. The
appendixes are integral parts of the specification. The
commentaries provide background information on the basis and
limitations of the specifications and codes.

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: ASD and PD

The AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: Allowable


Stress Design and Plastic Design is an alternative to the Load
and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel
Buildings.

This specification is organized with general design requirements


presented first, followed by chapters containing the
requirements for the design of different types of members and
connections. This organization is consistent with the Load and
Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel
Buildings in Part 6 of the Blue book.

The specification provides design criteria for the following types


of construction:

Frames
Tension members
Columns and beams
Plate girders
Composite construction
Connections and joints
The design criteria include allowable stress, member, and joint
proportioning requirements.

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Structural Steel Codes and Standards

AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges

Based on existing trade practices, this code establishes the


relationship between contracted parties when the contractual
documents do not contain provisions to the contrary. The AISC
continuously surveys the structural steel fabrication industry to
determine standard trade practices and publishes them in this
Code of Standard Practice.

The code provides owners, architects, engineers, contractors,


and others involved in construction with a framework to
understand the acceptable standards in contracting for
structural steel construction. The Code of Standard Practice
should not replace the judgment of an experienced architect or
engineer who has the design responsibility for a structure.

The practices defined in the Code of Standard Practice have


been adopted by the AISC as the commonly accepted
standards of the structural steel fabricating industry. In the
absence of other instructions in the contract documents, the
trade practices defined in this Code of Standard Practice govern
the fabrication and erection of structural steel.

The code covers the following:

Materials
Plans and specifications
Shop and erection drawings
Fabrication and delivery
Erection
Quality control
Contracts

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts

This specification relates to the design and installation of


structural joints using:

ASTM A325 high-strength bolts


ASTM A490 heat-treated high-strength bolts
This specification covers the design criteria and normal usage
and practices for high-strength bolts in steel-to-steel structural
connections. It does not cover the full range of structural
connections using threaded fasteners or the use of high-
strength bolts other than those included in ASTM A325 or ASTM
A490 specifications. In addition, the specification does not
cover the use of bolts in connections with materials other than
steel within the grip.

The specification includes requirements for:

Design strength of bolted connections

Design details

Installation and tightening of bolts

Inspection

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Structural Steel Codes and Standards

APPLYING SELECTED AISC-REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS

ASTM (Materials)

The Manual of Steel Construction (Green book), Part 5, Section


A6, provides a list of the ASTM standards referenced within the
manual. The grades of structural steel approved for use in
building construction, covered by ASTM standard specifications,
extend to a yield stress of 100 ksi.

Material conforming to one of the following ASTM standard


specifications is approved for use under the specification for
structural steel buildings.

Structural Steel, ASTM A36


Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated
Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe, ASTM A53,
Grade B
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM
A242
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Manganese
Vanadium Steel, ASTM A441
Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes, ASTM
A500
Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel
Structural Tubing, ASTM A501
High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered
Alloy-Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding, ASTM A514
Structural Steel with 42 ksi Minimum Yield Point,
ASTM A529
Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled,
Structural Quality, ASTM A570 Grade 40, 45, and
50
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium
Steels of Structural Quality, ASTM A572
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi
Minimum Yield Point to 4-in. Thick, ASTM A588
Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy,
Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved
Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy,


Columbium or Vanadium, or both, Hot-Rolled and
Cold-Rolled, ASTM A607
Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength,
Low-Alloy Structural Tubing, ASTM A618
Structural Steel for Bridges, ASTM A709
Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel
Plate with 70 ksi Minimum Yield Strength to 4-in.
Thick, ASTM A852
In addition, ASTM specifications are referenced for the use of
heavy shapes as members. The specification for structural
steel buildings also lists ASTM specifications for:

Steel castings and forgings


Rivets
Bolts, washers, and nuts
Anchor bolts and threaded rods
ANSI A58.1, "Building Code Requirements for Minimum
Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures (Loads)"

This publication has been revised and redesignated as ASCE


standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures. It provides minimum load requirements for the
design of buildings and other structures that are subject to
building code requirements. The specified loads are suitable for
use with the allowable stresses and load factors recommended
in the AISC design specifications.

The ASCE standard includes requirements for:

Combinations of loads
Dead loads
Live loads
Soil and hydrostatic pressure
Wind loads

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

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AWS D1.1, "Structural Welding Code, Steel"

This code covers welding requirements applicable to welded


structures. The code is used with complementary codes or
specifications for the design and construction of steel structures,
such as those of the AISC. It does not apply to pressure
vessels or pressure piping. Welding requirements that are
common to all structures are covered in Sections 1 through 7
and in Section 11. Provisions applying exclusively to static
loading, dynamic loading, or tubular structures are included in
Sections 8, 9, and 10, respectively.

AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

This specification applies to the design of structural members


cold-formed to shape from carbon or low-alloy steel sheet, strip,
plate, or bar less than 1-in. thick and used for load-carrying
purposes in buildings. This specification may be used for
structures other than buildings provided appropriate design
allowances are made.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

APPLYING SELECTED SAUDI ARAMCO STEEL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS,


STANDARDS, AND SPECIFICATIONS

SAES-M-100, "Saudi Aramco Building Code"

The Saudi Aramco Building Code (SABC), SAES-M-100, is


based on the Uniform Building Code (UBC) established by the
International Conference of Building Officials. SAES-M-100
consists primarily of a list of exceptions to the UBC to reflect
special Saudi Aramco requirements.

SADP-M-100, Commentary on the Saudi Aramco Building


Code, provides additional information on the basis and
limitations of SAES-M-100, reflecting Saudi Aramcos
experience and special requirements. Rationale for the
changes made to the UBC provisions by the ABC is provided in
this commentary.

Of particular interest to the steel designer are the following


topics (section and table numbers refer to the UBC):

Sec. 2311 (b). The minimum basic wind speed for


determining design wind pressure is 126 km/h (78
mph).
Sec. 2311 (c). Exposure C shall be used when
determining design wind pressure. This represents
the most severe UBC exposure.
Sec. 2311 (i). When determining wind load, all plant
area buildings and high-rise buildings shall be
added to the list of essential facilities. The
importance factor of 1.15 is intended to approximate
a 100-yr wind storm.
Sec. 2312 (a). Specification of seismic zones within
Saudi Aramco are described.
Table 23-A. Changes are made to Table 23-A to
reflect the requirements for minimum uniformly
distributed live loads found in Table 2 of ANSI
A58.1-1982.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

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SAES-M-001, "Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures"

SAES-M-001, Basic Criteria for Miscellaneous Steel Structures,


covers mandatory requirements governing the design of all steel
structures except buildings, communication towers, and offshore
structures.

SADP-M-001 is the associated commentary.

SAES-M-001 contains a list of exceptions and additions to ANSI


A58.1 design loading requirements. In particular, ANSI A58.1
does not specifically address loads associated with process
plant operations. SAES-M-001 provides guidance on such
loading.

12-SAMSS-007, "Miscellaneous Steel Structures"

This specification defines Saudi Aramco requirements for:

Design

Material selection

Shop fabrication

Marking for erection

Erection of steel structures

SADP-M-002 is the associated commentary.

To reflect Saudi Aramco selected requirements, 12-SAMSS-007


consists primarily of a list of exceptions, additions, and deletions
to the AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction, Parts 1 and 5.
Saudi Aramco modifications to the AISC manual relate to the
selection of structural steels, the Specification for Structural
Steel Buildings, the Code of Standard Practice, and the
Specification for Structural Joints.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

SUMMARY

This module presented the various specifications and codes


used in the design of steel structures at Saudi Aramco facilities.
The AISC Manual(s) of Steel Construction (Red/Green and Blue
books) were introduced together with the organization of the
books and their design principles.

The selection of steel member properties and the use of design


aids to determine the capacities of beams and columns were
illustrated and practiced. The purpose and scope of the
specifications and codes used in the design of steel structures
were also discussed. Selected Saudi Aramco design
requirements for structural steel design completed the module.

In the Evaluation, the Participant will answer a series of


questions that represent the knowledge gained from this
module. Some questions will also require the Participant to
select data from the tables found in the AISC Manual(s) of Steel
Construction.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

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WORK AID 1: PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING PROPERTIES OF STEEL


MEMBERS AND CAPACITIES OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS

Work Aid 1A: Procedures for Using Dimensions and Properties Tables

The following steps provide guidance for the use of the dimensions and properties
tables located in Part 1 of the Manual of Steel Construction.

1. Choose the section of Part 1 appropriate for the selected shape type, for
example, W or M shapes.

2. Turn to the page with the designated member reference and proceed
vertically down the left column to the member reference, for example, W
12 x 50.

3. Proceed horizontally from the left margin across the dimensions page and
record the appropriate information.

4. Continue horizontally from the dimensions page onto the properties page
and record the appropriate information.

A typical reference for a member is W 12 x 50.

where: W = Shape type

12 = Nominal depth (d ) of the member in inches

50 = Weight per foot of the section in pounds

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Work Aid 1B: Procedures for Using Beam and Girder Design Tables

The following steps provide guidance for the use of the allowable loads on beams tables
located in Part 2 of the Manual of Steel Construction.

1. Select the section of Part 2 appropriate for the selected shape type and
grade of steel. A typical reference is a W shape in Grade A36 steel.

2. Turn to the page with the designated section depth and weight. A typical
reference might be W 12 x 50.

3. Proceed vertically down the left column to the specified span length in
feet.

4. Continue horizontally from the span length across the page, intersecting
the column for Wt/ft.

5. Record the allowable uniform load in kips, for example, a W 12 x 50


member in Fy = 36 ksi steel with a span of 20 ft would have an allowable
uniform load = 51 kips.

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

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Work Aid 1C: Procedures for Using Column Design Tables

The following steps provide guidance for the use of the allowable concentric loads on
columns tables located in Part 3 of the Manual of Steel Construction.

1. Select the section of Part 3 appropriate for the selected shape, for
example, W or S shapes.

2. Turn to the page with the member designation, for example, W 12 across
the top row of the table.

3. Proceed vertically down the left column to the desired effective length in
feet.

4. Continue horizontally across the page intersecting the correct Wt/ft of the
column. Within that column, find the correct Fy reference, for example, a
W 12 x 50 member with an effective length of 20 ft in Fy = 36 ksi steel.
Record the allowable axial load in kips. (For the example, the allowable
axial load = 146 kips.)

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Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

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WORK AID 2: STRUCTURAL STEEL CODES AND STANDARDS

BUILDINGS
USE THE SAUDI ARAMCO BUILDING CODE (SABC)

SABC = SAES-M-100 + UBC


FABRICATED METAL BUILDINGS
SAES-M-100 -DESIGN SPEC.
-MODIFIES UBC REQUIREMENTS 12-AMSS-014 -PURCHASING SPEC.

COVERS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, COVERS: DESIGN, MATERIAL SELECTN,


USE & OCCUPANCY, FABRICATION, PACKAGING
LOCATION, ALTERATION,
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR

REFERENCES: AISC, AWS D1.1, REFERENCES: MBMA SPEC 1974 ed.


ANSI 58.1 (ASCE), FOR SPECIAL LOADING REQUIREMNTS
AISI
METAL BUILDING
AMERICAN INST. MANUFACTURERS = MBMA
OF STEEL = AISC ASSOCIATION
CONSTRUCTION

SADP-M-100 -DESIGN PROCEDURE -PROVIDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION


-DEFINES A BUILDING

MISCELLANEOUS STEEL STRUCTURES

SAES-M-001 -DESIGN SPEC. -MODIFIES ANSI 58.1 REQUIREMENTS


COVERS: ALL MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING PIPING LOADS
REFERENCES: AISC, ANSI 58.1 (ASCE), AISI, AASHTO, AND SAES-M-100 FOR
EARTHQUAKE LOADING

SADP-M-001 -DESIGN PROCEDURE -PROVIDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION


-DEFINES A BUILDING

12-AMSS-007 -PURCHASING SPEC. -MODIFIES AISC REQUIREMENTS

COVERS: DESIGN, MATERIAL SELECTION, FABRICATION, MARKING, ERECTION

SADP-M-002 -DESIGN PROCEDURE -PROVIDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION

OFFSHORE, COMMUNICATION TOWERS


NOT COVERED BY AES-M-100, AES-M-001, 12-AMSS-007, 12-AMSS-014

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards 25


Engineering Encyclopedia Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

Structural Steel Codes and Standards

GLOSSARY

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and


Transportation Officials

ACI American Concrete Institute

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction

AISI American Iron and Steel Institute

ANSI American National Standards Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers

ASD Allowable Stress Design

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

AWS American Welding Society

JIS Japanese Industrial Standards

LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design

PD Plastic Design

SABC Saudi Aramco Building Code

SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization

SSPC Steel Structures Paint Council

UBC Uniform Building Code

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards 26

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