ENERGY AND METABOLISM Energy of the system.

E
Cell - too busy
E: change during the transformation
Blinking of eyes exert a lot of energy.
BIOENERGETICS - the study of the various types of REACTIONS
energy transform at ions that occur in living
Exothermic: reactions that lose heat
organisms.
Endergonic: reactions that gain heat
ENERGY
2nd LAW OF THERMODYNMICS
The capacity to do work.
Events in the universe have direction; i.e., they tend
The capacity to change or move something.
to proceed downhill from a state of high energy
Pull of wall produce work.
to a state of lower energy
THERMODYNAMICS There is a decreasing availability of energy for doing
additional work.
The study of changes in energy that accompany
Formulated originally for heat engines: it is
events in the universe.
thermodynamically impossible to construct a
Provide no help in determining how rapidly a specific
perpetual-motion machine
process will occur or the mechanism used by the cell
No such thing as 100% ecient machine
to carry out the process.
There is a loss of available energy.
1st LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ENTROPY (chaos, disorder)
Law of conservation of energy
Tendency for the randomness, or disorder, of the
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but IT
universe to increase every time there is a transfer of
CAN BE CONVERTED (transduced) from one form to
energy.
another
NOTE: define order and disorder
Volta (electricity) energy
Every event is accompanied by an increase in the
Charger
entropy of the universe
Malampaya, Geothermal produces energy.
The total entropy in the universe must increase; the
E Q (heat energy) W (work energy)
disorder within one part of the universe (the system)
TRANSDUCTION can decrease at the greater expense of the
surroundings.
Alarm clock (energy-on) exercising (releases energy)
Order entropy low; Disorder entropy high
big fish (capable in dark) with light (from food)
Solid (entropy low). Liquid, Gas (entropy high)
Photosynthesis
Order to Disorder
2 PARTS OF UNIVERSE Disorder to Order if the entropy of the surrounding
increased
System under study.
Entropy is decreased when relatively simple
Surrounding remainder of the universe.
molecules are ordered into more complex molecules.
Note: The loss or gain of energy must be balanced.
Decreased in Entropy (Snowflakes) water to solid
Cell Saturation Point maximum; explode

The changes in the systems energy can be

manifested in 2 ways: 1. Change in the heat content
of the system. 2. Performance of work.

INTERNAL CHARGE