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17

16
15
mandible.width

14
13
12
11
10

M.f. fuliginosus M. giganteus M.f. melanops

species

Ulangan terssembunyi- selain mengulang 2x. Ulangan di factor A terulang difaktor B.

Makin banyak ulangan, maka makin teliti.


Eastern.Grey$mandible.width

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

-2
-1
0

norm quantiles
1
2
Western.Grey$mandible.width

11 12 13 14 15 16

-2
-1
0

norm quantiles
1
2
Northern.Grey$mandible.width

13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0

-2
-1
0

norm quantiles
1
2
Call:

lm(formula = mandible.width ~ species, data = Kangaroo.Skulls)

Residuals:

Min 1Q Median 3Q Max

-3.6120 -0.6304 0.0880 0.7880 2.5880

Coefficients:

Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)

(Intercept) 15.4920 0.2397 64.642 < 2e-16 ***

species[T.M. giganteus] -1.7800 0.3389 -5.252 1.54e-06 ***

species[T.M.f. melanops] -1.7616 0.3462 -5.088 2.91e-06 ***

---

Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Residual standard error: 1.198 on 70 degrees of freedom

Multiple R-squared: 0.3391, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3202


F-statistic: 17.96 on 2 and 70 DF, p-value: 5.068e-07
Anova Table (Type II tests)

Response: mandible.width

Sum Sq Df F value Pr(>F)

species 51.572 2 17.958 5.068e-07 ***

Residuals 100.513 70

---

Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Ho rata-rata mandible wight setiap spesies sama

Ha rata-rata mandible wight setiap spesies tidak sama


Tukey multiple comparisons of means

95% family-wise confidence level

Fit: aov(formula = mandible.width.by.species)


$species

diff lwr upr p adj

M. giganteus-M.f. fuliginosus -1.78000000 -2.5915852 -0.9684148 0.0000046

M.f. melanops-M.f. fuliginosus -1.76156522 -2.5906059 -0.9325246 0.0000086

M.f. melanops-M. giganteus 0.01843478 -0.8106059 0.8474754 0.9984382

Kesimpulan

1.

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