Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Lecture-04

Analysis and Design of Two-way

Slab System
(Part-I: Two Way Slabs Supported on Stiff
Beams Or Walls)

By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali

Civil Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
www.drqaisarali.com

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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Topics

Behavior

Moment Coefficient Method

Steps in Moment Coefficient Method

Design Example 1 (Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design Example 2 (100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Practice Examples

References

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Behavior

Two-Way Slab System (Long span/short span < 2)

25 25 25 25

20

20

20

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Behavior

Two-Way Bending of Two-Way Slabs

One-Way Behavior Two-Way Behavior

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Behavior

Two-Way Bending of Two-Way Slabs

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Behavior

Short Direction Moments in Two-Way Slab

Short
Direction

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Behavior

Long Direction Moments in Two-Way Slab

Long
Direction

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Behavior

More Demand (Moment) in short direction due to size

of slab
central Strip = (5/384)wl4/EI

As these imaginary strips are part of monolithic slab, the deflection at

any point, of the two orthogonal slab strips must be same:

a = b

(5/384)wala4/EI = (5/384)wblb4/EI

wa/wb = lb4/la4 wa = wb (lb4/la4)

Thus, larger share of load (Demand) is taken by the shorter direction.

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Moment Coefficient Method

The Moment Coefficient Method included for the first time in

1963 ACI Code is applicable to two-way slabs supported on
four sides of each slab panel by walls, steel beams relatively
deep, stiff, edge beams (h = 3hf).

Although, not included in 1977 and later versions of ACI code,

its continued use is permissible under the ACI 318-11 code
provision (13.5.1). Visit ACI 13.5.1.

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Moment Coefficient Method

Ma,neg

Moments: la
Mb,neg Mb,pos Ma,pos Mb,neg
Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2 lb Ma,neg

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2

Where Ca, Cb = Tabulated moment coefficients

wu = Ultimate uniform load, psf

la, lb = length of clear spans in short and long directions respectively.

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Moment Coefficient Method

Cases
Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25-0

3 spans @ 20-0
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Moment Coefficient Method

Cases
Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0

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Moment Coefficient Method

Cases
Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25-0

3 spans @ 20-0
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Moment Coefficient Method

Cases
Depending on the support conditions, several cases are possible:

4 spans @ 25-0
3 spans @ 20-0

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Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

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Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 19

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Moment Coefficient Method

Note: Horizontal sides of the figure represents longer side while vertical side
represents shorter side.

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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Steps in Moment Coefficient Method

hmin = perimeter/ 180 = 2(la + lb)/180

Calculate loads on slab

Calculate m = la/ lb

Decide about case of slab

Use table to pick moment coefficients

Calculate Moments and then design

Apply reinforcement requirements (smax = 2hf, ACI 13.3.2)

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Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

3D Model of the House

In this building we will design a two-way slab (for rooms), a one-way

slab, beam and column (for verandah)

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 23

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Given Data:
Service Dead Load
4 thick mud

2 thick brick tile

Live Load = 40 psf

fc = 3 ksi

fy = 40 ksi

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Sizes
For two way slab system
hmin = perimeter / 180 = 2(la + lb)/180 A

hmin = 2 (12 +16) /180 = 0.311 ft = 3.73 inch

Assume 5 inch slab

A
For one way slab system
Slab
For 5 slab, span length l is min. of:
h
l = ln+ hf = 8 + (5/12) = 8.42

c/c distance between supports = 8.875 9 Brick Wall

Slab thickness (hf) = (8.42/24) (0.4+ /100000) ln = 8

= 3.367 (min. by ACI) 9 Wide Verandah

lc/c = (8 + (9/12) / 2 + 0.5) = 8.875

Taking 5 in. slab
Section AA
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Loads
5 inch Slab = 5/12 x 0.15 = 0.0625 ksf

4 inch mud = 4/12 x 0.12 = 0.04 ksf

2 inch tile = 2/12 x 0.12 = 0.02 ksf

Total DL = 0.1225 ksf

Factored DL = 1.2 x 0.1225 = 0.147 ksf

Factored LL = 1.6 x 0.04 = 0.064 ksf

Total Factored Load = 0.211 ksf

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Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Analysis
This system consist of both one way and two way slabs. Rooms
(two way slabs) are continuous with verandah (one way slab).

A system where a two way slab is continuous with a one way slab
or vice versa is called a mixed slab system.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 27

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Analysis
The ACI approximate methods of analysis are not applicable to
such systems because:
In case of two way slabs, the moment coefficient tables are applicable
to two way slab system where a two way slab is continuous with a two
way slab.

In case of one ways slabs, the ACI approximate analysis is applicable

to one way slab system where a one way slab is continuous with a one
way slab.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Analysis
The best approach to analyze a mixed system is to use FE
software.

However, such a system can also be analyzed manually by making

certain approximations.

In the next slides, We will analyze this system using both of the
above mentioned methods.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 29

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Analysis using FE Software (SAFE)

Ma,neg Ma,pos

Ma,neg Ma,pos

Ma,pos
Ma,pos

Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos

Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos
Mver (+ve)

Ma,neg
Ma,neg

Mver (+ve)

Moments in Longer Direction in Two Moments in Shorter Direction in Two

Way Slabs Way Slabs & Moment in Verandah
One Way Slab

Two Way Slab Moments (ft-kip/ft) One Way Slab Moment (ft-kip/ft)
(Rooms) (Verandah)
Ma,pos Mb,pos Ma,neg Mb,neg Mver (+ve)
1.58 1.17 2.10 1.67 1.10

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Analysis using Manual Approach

For approximate manual analysis of two way slab of rooms, we
know that two way slabs of rooms are not only continuous along the
long direction but also continuous along the short direction with the
verandah slab. We assume that the verandah slab is a two way slab
instead of one way slab in order to calculate Mb,neg
Now, using Moment Coefficient Method for analysis.

Ma,pos
Ma,pos

Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos

Ma,neg
Ma,neg

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 31

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Case = 4
Ma,pos

m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.076
Cb,neg = 0.024
Ca,posDL = 0.043
Cb,posDL = 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.052
Cb,posLL = 0.016

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Case = 4

Ma,pos
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.076
Cb,neg = 0.024
Ca,posDL = 0.043
Cb,posDL = 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.052
Cb,posLL = 0.016

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 33

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Case = 4
Ma,pos

m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.076
Cb,neg = 0.024
Ca,posDL = 0.043
Cb,posDL = 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.052
Cb,posLL = 0.016

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Case = 4

Ma,pos
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.076
Cb,neg = 0.024
Ca,posDL = 0.043
Cb,posDL = 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.052
Cb,posLL = 0.016

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 35

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Case = 4
Ma,pos

m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.076
Cb,neg = 0.024
Ca,posDL = 0.043
Cb,posDL = 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.052
Cb,posLL = 0.016

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Case = 4

Ma,pos
m = la/lb = 12/16 = 0.75

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.076
Cb,neg = 0.024
Ca,posDL = 0.043
Cb,posDL = 0.013
Ca,posLL = 0.055
Cb,posLL = 0.016

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 37

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
16
Two-Way Slab Analysis
12 Case 4
Mb,pos
Calculating moments using ACI Coefficients: Mb,neg
Ma,pos

Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Ma,neg

Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2

Using above relations the moments calculated are:

Ma,neg = 2.31 ft-kip
Ca,neg = 0.076 Cb,neg = 0.024
Mb,neg = 1.29 ft-kip
Ca,posLL = 0.052 Cb,posLL = 0.016
Ca,posDL = 0.043 Cb,posDL = 0.013 Ma,pos = 1.39 ft-kip

wu, dl = 0.147 ksf, wu, ll = 0.064 ksf, wu = 0.211 ksf Mb,pos = 0.76 ft-kip
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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

One Way Slab Analysis

For calculation of Mver (+ve) along the short direction in the verandah
slab, we will pick the coefficients of continuous one way slabs having
two spans.
Now, using ACI Approximate analysis procedure (ACI 8.33) for analysis.
Mver(-ve)

Mver(+ve)

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 39

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

One-Way Slab Analysis

For two span one way slab system, positive moment at midspan is given as
follows:
Wu = 0.211 ksf

Mver (+ve) = wuln2/14

h
Mver (+ve) = 0.211 (8)2/14
9 Brick Wall
= 0.96 ft-k/ft
ln = 8
Mver (-ve) = wuln2/9 = 1.5 ft-k/ft
9 Wide Verandah

1/9 1/9
Simply Spandrel
Supported
1/14 1/24
Support
For negative moment above the long wall common
to rooms and veranda, maximum moment will be
picked from both analyses.

Moment of 2.3 from two way slab analysis is more

than 1.5, therefore we will design for 2.31.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design of Two-Way Slab

Comparison of Analysis Results from FE Analysis and Manual Analysis

Analysis Ma,neg Mb,neg Ma,pos Mb,pos Mver (+ve)

Ma,pos
Ma,pos
Type
Mb,pos Mb,neg Mb,pos
SAFE 2.10 1.67 1.58 1.17 1.10
Manual 2.31 1.3 1.39 0.76 0.96

Ma,neg
Ma,neg

Mver (+ve)
NOTE: All values are in ft-kip units

Analysis results from both approaches are almost similar.

Hence the intelligent use of manual analysis yields fairly reasonable results in most cases.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 41

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design of Two-Way Slab

First determining capacity of min. reinforcement:
As,min = 0.002bhf = 0.12 in2

Using #3 bars: Spacing for As,min = 0.12 in2 = (0.11/0.12) 12 = 11 c/c

However ACI max spacing for two way slab = 2h = 2(5) = 10 or 18 = 10 c/c

Hence using #3 bars @ 10 c/c

For #3 bars @ 10 c/c: As,min = (0.11/10) 12 = 0.132 in2

Capacity for As,min: a = (0.132 40)/(0.85 3 12) = 0.17

Mn = Asminfy(d a/2) = 0.9 0.132 40(4 (0.17/2)) = 18.60 in-kip

Therefore, for Mu values 18.60 in-k/ft, use As,min (#3 @ 10 c/c) & for Mu
values > 18.6 in-kip/ft, calculate steel area using trial & error procedure.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design of Two-Way Slab

For Ma,neg = 2.31 ft-kip = 27.71 in-kip > 18.60 in-kip: As = 0.20 in2 (#3 @ 6.6 c/c)

Using #3 @ 6 c/c

For Mb,neg = 1.29 ft-kip = 15.56 in-kip < 18.60 in-kip: Using #3 @ 10 c/c

For Ma,pos = 1.39 ft-kip = 16.67 in-kip < 18.60 in-kip: Using #3 @ 10 c/c

For Mb,pos = 0.76 ft-kip = 9.02 in-kip < 18.60 in-kip: Using #3 @ 10 c/c

16

12 Case 4
Mb,pos Mb,neg
Ma,pos
Ma,neg

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 43

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design of Two-Way Slab

Reinforcement at Discontinuous Ends
Reinforcement at discontinuous ends in a two way slab is 1/3 of the positive
reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement at midspan in this case is #3 @ 10 c/c. Therefore

reinforcement at discontinuous end may be provided @ 30 c/c.

However, in field practice, the spacing of reinforcement at discontinuous ends

seldom exceeds 18 c/c. The same is provided here as well.

Supporting Bars
Supporting bars are provided to support negative reinforcement.

They are provided perpendicular to negative reinforcement, generally at spacing

of 18 c/c.

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design of One-Way Slab

Main Reinforcement:
Mver (+ve) = 14.73 in-kip

As,min = 0.002bhf = 0.002(12)(5) = 0.12 in2

Using #3 bars, spacing = (0.11/0.12) 12 = 11 c/c

For one-way slabs, max spacing by ACI = 3h = 3(5) = 15 or 18 = 15 c/c

For #3 bars @ 15 c/c, As = (0.11/15) 12 = 0.09 in2. Hence using As,min = 0.12 in2

a = (0.12 40)/(0.85 3 12) = 0.16

Mn = Asminfy(d a/2) = 0.9 0.12 40(4 (0.16/2)) = 16.94 in-kip > Mver (+ve)

Therefore, using #3 @ 11 c/c

However, for facilitating field work, we will use #3 @ 10 c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 45

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Design of One-Way Slab

Shrinkage Reinforcement:
Ast = 0.002bhf = 0.12 in2 (#3 @ 11 c/c)

However, for facilitating field work, we will use #3 @ 10 c/c

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Verandah Beam Design Verandah Beam

Step 01: Sizes

Let depth of beam = 18

ln + depth of beam = 15.875 + (18/12) = 17.375

c/c distance between beam supports

= 16.375 + (4.5/12) = 16.75

Therefore l = 16.75

Depth (h) = (16.75/18.5) (0.4 + 40000/100000) 12

= 8.69 (Minimum requirement of ACI 9.5.2.2).

Take h = 1.5 = 18

d = h 3 = 15

b = 12 16.375 16.375
ln = 16.375 0.5(12/12) = 15.875 ln = 16.375 0.5(12/12) = 15.875

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 47

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Verandah Beam Design

Step 02: Loads
5
Load on beam will be equal to

Factored load on beam from slab + factored

self weight of beam web

Factored load on slab = 0. 211 ksf

Load on beam from slab = 0. 211 ksf x 5 =

4 + 1 = 5
1.055 k/ft
8/2 = 4
Factored Self load of beam web = ln = 8

= 1.2 x (13 12/144) 0.15 = 0.195 k/ft

Total load on beam = 1.055 + 0.195 12 9 Brick Wall

Column
= 1.25 k/ft

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Verandah Beam
Design ln = 15.875 ln = 15.875

Step 03: Analysis

Vu(ext) = 8.34 k
Using ACI Moment 9.92 k
Coefficients for analysis
of verandah beam 11.41 k

Vu(int) = 9.61 k

343.66 in-kip 343.66 in-kip

16.375 16.375
ln = 16.375 0.5(12/12) = 15.875 16.375= 15.875
ln = 16.375 0.5(12/12)

420.03 in-kip

Verenda beam is l beam,

beAli
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Reinforced Concrete Design II 49

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Beam Design
Flexure Design:
Mu d b As Asmin Asmax As Bar # of
(in-kip) (in.) (in.) (in2) (in2) (in2) (governing) used bars
343.66 (+) 15 28.75 (beff) 0.64 0.90 3.654 0.90 #4 5
#5 3
420.03 (-) 15 12 0.81 0.90 3.654 0.90 #4 5
#4 + #5 2+2

Shear Design:
Location Vu (@ d) Vc = 2 bwd smax, S taken
(kip) (kips) Vc > Vu, Hence ACI (#3 2-legged)
providing minimum
Exterior 8.34 14.78 reinforcement. 7.5 7.5
Interior 9.61 14.78 7.5 7.5

Smax is min. of: (1) Avfy/(50bw) = 14.67 (2) d/2 =7.5 (3) 24 c/c (4) Avfy/ 0.75(fc)bw = 17.85

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)
Verandah Column
Column Design
Sizes:
Column size = 12 12

Loads:
Pu = 11.41 2 = 22.82 kip

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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Column Design
Main Reinforcement Design:
Nominal strength (Pn) of axially loaded column is:

Pn = 0.80 {0.85fc (Ag Ast) + Astfy} {for tied column, ACI 10.3.6}

Let Ast = 1% of Ag (Ast is the main steel reinforcement area)

Pn = 0.80 0.65 {0.85 3 (144 0.01 144) + 0.01 144 40}

= 218.98 kip > Pu = 22.82 kip, O.K.

Ast =0.01 144 =1.44 in2

Using 3/4 (#6) with bar area Ab = 0.44 in2

No. of bars = 1.44/0.44 = 3.27 4 bars

Use 4 #6 bars (or 8 #4 bars) and #3 ties @ 9 c/c

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Drafting Details for

Slabs

Panel Depth (in) Mark Bottom Reinforcement Mark Top reinforcement

MT1 #3 @ 10" c/c Continuous End
M1 #3 @ 10" c/c
MT1 #3 @ 18" c/c Non Continuous End
S1 5"
MT2 #3 @ 6" c/c Continuous End
M2 #3 @ 10" c/c
MT2 #3 @ 18" c/c Non Continuous End
M1 #3 @ 10" c/c MT2 #3 @ 6" c/c Continuous End
S2 5"
M2 #3 @ 10" c/c MT2 #3 @ 18" c/c Non Continuous End

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 53

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Drafting Details for Slabs

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 54

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Drafting Details for Verandah Beam

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 55

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 1
(Typical House with 2 Rooms and Verandah)

Drafting Details for Verandah Column

OR

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 56

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

A 100 60, 3-storey commercial building is to be designed. The grids of

column plan are fixed by the architect.

In this example, the slab of one of the floors of this 3-storey building will
be designed.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 57

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Given Data:
Material Properties:
fc = 3 ksi, fy = 40 ksi

Sizes:
Slab thickness = 7

Columns = 14 14

Beams = 14 20

Loads:
S.D.L = Nil

Self Weight = 0.15 x (7/12) = 0.0875 ksf

L.L = 144 psf = 0.144 ksf ; wu = 0.336 ksf

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 58

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Complete analysis of the slab is done by analyzing four panels

4 spans @ 25-0

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

3 spans @ 20-0
Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 59

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 4

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posDL = 0.039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 60

30
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 4

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posDL = 0.039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 61

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 4

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posDL = 0.039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 62

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 4

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posDL = 0.039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 63

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 4

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posDL = 0.039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 64

32
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 4

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.071
Cb,neg = 0.029
Ca,posDL = 0.039
Cb,posDL = 0.016
Ca,posLL = 0.048
Cb,posLL = 0.020

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 65

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-I) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 4

Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Calculating moments using ACI Coefficients:
Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2
Ma,neg

Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2

Using above relations the moments calculated are:

Ma,neg = 8.44 ft-k (101.2 in-k)
Ca,neg = 0.071 Cb,neg = 0.029
Mb,neg = 5.52 ft-k (66.2 in-k)
Ca,posLL = 0.048 Cb,posLL = 0.020
Ca,posDL = 0.039 Cb,posDL = 0.016 Ma,pos = 5.37 ft-k (64.4 in-k)

wu, dl = 0.105 ksf, wu, ll = 0.2304 ksf, wu = 0.336 ksf Mb,pos = 3.57 ft-k (42.8 in-k)
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 66

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 9

Mb,neg Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 9

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
Cb,posDL = 0.010
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 67

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 9

Mb,neg Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 9

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
Cb,posDL = 0.010
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 68

34
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 9

Mb,neg Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 9

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
Cb,posDL = 0.010
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 69

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 9

Mb,neg Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 9

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
Cb,posDL = 0.010
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 70

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 9

Mb,neg Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 9

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
Cb,posDL = 0.010
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 71

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 9

Mb,neg Mb,neg
Mb,pos
Case = 9

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.075
Cb,neg = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029
Cb,posDL = 0.010
Ca,posLL = 0.042
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 72

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-II) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 9

Mb,neg
Calculating moments using ACI Coefficients: Mb,neg Mb,pos

Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Ma,neg
Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2

Using above relations the moments calculated are:

Ma,neg = 8.91 ft-k (106.9 in-k)
Ca,neg = 0.075 Cb,neg = 0.017
Mb,neg = 3.24 ft-k (38.8 in-k)
Ca,posLL = 0.042 Cb,posLL = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.029 Cb,posDL = 0.010 Ma,pos = 4.51 ft-k (54.1 in-k)

wu, dl = 0.105 ksf, wu, ll = 0.2304 ksf, wu = 0.336 ksf Mb,pos = 2.82 ft-k (33.8 in-k)
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 73

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 8

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 8

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.055
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ca,posDL = 0.032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 74

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 8

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 8

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.055
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ca,posDL = 0.032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 75

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 8

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 8

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.055
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ca,posDL = 0.032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 76

38
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 8

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 8

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.055
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ca,posDL = 0.032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 77

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 8

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 8

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.055
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ca,posDL = 0.032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 78

39
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos
Case 8

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 8

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.055
Cb,neg = 0.041
Ca,posDL = 0.032
Cb,posDL = 0.015
Ca,posLL = 0.044
Cb,posLL = 0.019

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 79

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-III) la = 18.83

Ma,pos

Case 8

Mb,neg
Calculating moments using ACI Coefficients: Mb,neg Mb,pos

Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Ma,neg

Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2

Using above relations the moments calculated are:

Ma,neg = 6.54 ft-k (78.4 in-k)
Ca,neg = 0.055 Cb,neg = 0.041
Mb,neg = 7.80 ft-k (93.6 in-k)
Ca,posLL = 0.044 Cb,posLL = 0.019
Ca,posDL = 0.032 Cb,posDL = 0.015 Ma,pos = 4.78 ft-k (57.4 in-k)

wu, dl = 0.105 ksf, wu, ll = 0.2304 ksf, wu = 0.336 ksf Mb,pos = 3.38 ft-k (40.5 in-k)
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 80

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos
la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 2

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posDL = 0.026
Cb,posDL = 0.011
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 81

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos

la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 2

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posDL = 0.026
Cb,posDL = 0.011
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 82

41
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos
la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 2

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posDL = 0.026
Cb,posDL = 0.011
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 83

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos

la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 2

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posDL = 0.026
Cb,posDL = 0.011
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 84

42
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos
la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 2

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg
Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posDL = 0.026
Cb,posDL = 0.011
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 85

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Ma,neg

lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos

la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Mb,neg Mb,pos
Case = 2

m = la/lb = 18.83/23.83 = 0.78 0.80

Ma,neg

Ca,neg = 0.065
Cb,neg = 0.027
Ca,posDL = 0.026
Cb,posDL = 0.011
Ca,posLL = 0.041
Cb,posLL = 0.017

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 86

43
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Ma,neg
lb = 23.83

Two-Way Slab Analysis (Panel-IV)

Ma,pos
la = 18.83
Case 2

Mb,neg
Calculating moments using ACI Coefficients: Mb,neg Mb,pos

Ma, neg = Ca, negwula2

Ma,neg
Mb, neg = Cb, negwulb2

Ma, pos, (dl + ll) = M a, pos, dl + M a, pos, ll = Ca, pos, dl wu, dl la2 + Ca, pos, ll wu, ll la2

Mb, pos, (dl + ll) = Mb, pos, dl + Mb, pos, ll = Cb, pos, dl wu, dl lb2 + Cb, pos, ll wu, ll lb2

Using above relations the moments calculated are:

Ma,neg = 7.72 ft-k (92.7 in-k)
Ca,neg = 0.065 Cb,neg = 0.027
Mb,neg = 5.14 ft-k (61.6 in-k)
Ca,posLL = 0.041 Cb,posLL = 0.017
Ca,posDL = 0.026 Cb,posDL = 0.011 Ma,pos = 4.31 ft-k (51.8 in-k)

wu, dl = 0.105 ksf, wu, ll = 0.2304 ksf, wu = 0.336 ksf Mb,pos = 2.88 ft-k (34.5 in-k)
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 87

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Analysis Results (All values are in ft-kip)

4 spans @ 25-0

1.79 1.60 Mneg at Non-

Continuous End =
1.19 3.57 5.52 7.80 3.38 4.78 7.80
5.37 1/3 of Mpos
3 spans @ 20-0

8.42 6.54

8.91 7.72

0.94 2.82 3.24 5.14 2.88 5.14

4.51 4.31
8.91 7.72

NOTE: White: Longer Direction Moments, Yellow: Shorter Direction Moments

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 88

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Design
First determining the capacity of min. reinforcement:
As,min = 0.002bhf = 0.002 12 7 = 0.17 in2

For #4 bars, spacing = (0.20/0.17) 12 = 14.2 c/c.

ACI max spacing for two-ways slabs = 2h = 2(7) = 14 or 18

Using #4 @ 12 c/c

For the 12 spacing: As = (0.20/12) 12 = 0.20 in2. Hence As,min = 0.20 in2

Capacity for As,min: a = (0.20 40)/(0.85 3 12) = 0.26

Mn = Asminfy(d a/2) = {0.9 0.20 40(6 (0.26/2))}/12 = 3.52 ft-kip

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 89

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Design
Positive Moments in Long Direction:
3.57 ft-kip/ft

3.38 ft-kip/ft

2.82 ft-kip/ft

2.88 ft-kip/ft

Since all the above moments values are almost equal to or less than
3.52 ft-kip/ft. Therefore using #4 @ 12 c/c for all positive moments in
Longer direction.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 90

45
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Design
Positive Moments in Short Direction:
5.37 ft-kip/ft

4.51 ft-kip/ft

4.78 ft-kip/ft

4.31 ft-kip/ft

Using trial and success method for determining As for 5.37 ft-kip/ft:
Assume a = 0.2d= 0.2(6) = 1.2, As = (5.37 12)/{0.9 40(6 (1.2/2))} = 0.33 in2

Now, a = (0.33 40)/(0.85 3 12) = 0.43, As = 0.31 in2

For #4 bars, spacing = (0.20/0.31) 12 = 7.7

As all the above moments are almost same, we will use #4 @ 7 c/c for all above
moments.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 91

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Design
Negative Moments at Non-Continuous Ends in Short & Long Directions:
1.19 ft-kip/ft

1.79 ft-kip/ft

1.60 ft-kip/ft

0.94 ft-kip/ft

Since, all the above moments are

less than 3.52 ft-kip/ft, therefore using

#4 @ 12 c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 92

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Design
Negative Moments at Continuous Ends in Short Direction:
8.42 ft-kip/ft

8.91 ft-kip/ft

7.72 ft-kip/ft

6.54 ft-kip/ft

Using trial and success method:

For 8.91 ft-kip/ft: As = 0.52 in2

Using #4 bars, spacing = 4.5 c/c

As all above moments are almost same, we will use #4 @ 4.5 c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 93

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Design
Negative Moments at Continuous Ends in Long Direction:
5.52 ft-kip/ft
Designing for 7.80 ft-kip/ft
7.80 ft-kip/ft

3.24 ft-kip/ft
Designing for 5.14 ft-kip/ft
5.14 ft-kip/ft

Reinforcement:
7. 80 ft-kip/ft is almost equal to 8.91 ft-kip/ft:

Therefore using #4 bars @ 4.5 c/c

5.14 ft-kip/ft is almost equal to 5.37 ft-kip/ft:

Therefore using #4 bars @ 7 c/c

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 94

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Slab Reinforcement Details

4 spans @ 25-0

A A
A A
A B C B C

3 spans @ 20-0
C C
A= #4 @ 12
A A B = #4 @ 7
A B B C = #4 @ 4.5
B B
C C

NOTE: White: Longer Direction Moments, Yellow: Shorter Direction Moments

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 95

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Load Transfer from Slab to the Beam

Review of Load transfer to Beam from One-Way Slabs
l/2 l/2

l/2
l/2

In case of one-way slab system the entire slab load is transferred in short direction.
Load transfer in short direction = (Wu l / 2 1) + (Wu l / 2 1)
Load transfer in long direction = Wu l / 2 0
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 96

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Load transfer from Slab to Beam
ACI Table for Wa values

Load Transfer to Beam from Two-Way Slab

4 spans @ 25-0

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

Shorter Direction
3 spans @ 20-0
Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

Longer Direction

In case of two way slab system, entire slab load is NOT transferred in shorter direction.
Load transfer in shorter direction = (Wu l / 2 Wa ) + (Wu l / 2 Wa )
Load transfer in longer direction = (Wu l / 2 Wb ) + (Wu l / 2 Wb )
This value will NOT be 1 in this case, It is specified by ACI Table
Wb = 1 - Wa
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 97

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Load transfer from Slab to Beam
Load Transfer to Beam from Two-Way Slab
4 spans @ 25-0

Load Transfer from Slab to Beam B1

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I Wu = 0.336 ksf
Wu = 0.336 ksf
Shorter
3 spans20

ShorterDirection

Load is transferred to B1 from Panel-I and Panel-II in

20
@ 20-0

Direction

Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II short direction

= Wu l / 2 Wa,Panel-I + Wu l / 2 Wa,Panel-II
Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I
= 0.336 20/2 0.71 + 0.336 20/2 0.83
= 5.17 k/ft

W u = 0.336 ksf
Wa,Panel-I = 0.71
Wa,Panel-II = 0.83

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 98

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Load transfer from Slab to Beam
Load Transfer to Beam from Two-Way Slab
4 spans @ 25-0

Load Transfer from Slab to Beam B2

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I
Wu
Wu== 0.336
0.336 ksf
ksf

3 spans @ 20-0

Shorter
ShorterDirection
Load is transferred to B2 from Panel-I and Panel-III in

20
Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II long direction

20

Direction
= Wu l / 2 Wb,Panel-I + Wu l / 2 Wb,Panel-III
Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

= 0.336 25/2 (1 - 0.71) + 0.336 25/2

(1 - 0.55)
= 3.11 k/ft

W u = 0.336 ksf
W b,Panel-I = (1 Wa,Panel-I) = 1 - 0.71 = 0.29
W b,Panel-III = (1 Wa,Panel-III) = 1 - 0.55 = 0.45

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 99

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel I
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel I, using
Coefficients
3 spans @ 20-0

(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1

Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.71 - 2.39
B2 25 10 0.71 - 2.39
B2
B3 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
B4 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 100

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel I
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel I, using
Coefficients Panel I

3 spans @ 20-0
(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1
Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.71 - 2.39
B2 25 10 0.71 - 2.39
B2
B3 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
B4 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 101

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel II
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel II, using
Coefficients
3 spans @ 20-0

(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1

Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.83 - 2.78
B3 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714
B2
B4 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel II
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel II, using
Coefficients

3 spans @ 20-0
(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1
Width (bs)
Load due
of slab Panel II
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.83 - 2.78
B3 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714
B2
B4 20 12.5 - 0.17 0.714

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 103

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel III
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel III, using
Coefficients
3 spans @ 20-0

(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1

Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.55 - 1.84
B2 25 10 0.55 - 1.84
B2
B3 20 12.5 - 0.45 1.89

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 104

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel III
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel III, using
Coefficients Panel III

3 spans @ 20-0
(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1
Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.55 - 1.84
B2 25 10 0.55 - 1.84
B2
B3 20 12.5 - 0.45 1.89

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 105

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel IV
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel IV, using
Coefficients
3 spans @ 20-0

(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1

Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab,
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.71 - 2.39
B3 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
B2

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 106

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Panel IV
Load On Beams from coefficient tables
4 spans @ 25-0
B2
Table: Load on beam in Panel IV, using
Coefficients

3 spans @ 20-0
(wu = 0.336 ksf) B1
Width (bs)
Load due
of slab
Length to slab, Panel IV
Beam panel Wa Wb
(ft) Wwubs B1
supported
(k/ft)
by beam
B1 25 10 0.71 - 2.39
B3 20 12.5 - 0.29 1.22
B2

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 107

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Load On Beams 4 spans @ 25-0

B2
2.39 k/ft 1.84 k/ft

1.22 k/ft 1.22 k/ft 1.89 k/ft 1.89 k/ft

2.39 k/ft 1.84 k/ft

3 spans @ 20-0

B1
2.77 k/ft 2.39 k/ft

0.71 k/ft 0.71 k/ft 1.22 k/ft 1.22 k/ft

2.77 k/ft 2.39 k/ft

B1

B2

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 108

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Load On Beams 4 spans @ 25-0

B2
2.39 k/ft 1.84 k/ft

1.22 k/ft 3.11 k/ft 3.11 k/ft

5.16 k/ft 4.23 k/ft

3 spans @ 20-0
B1

0.71 k/ft 1.93 k/ft 1.93 k/ft

5.16 k/ft 4.23 k/ft

B1

B2

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 109

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Load On Beams 4 spans @ 25-0

B2
2.39 k/ft 1.84 k/ft
20
1.22 k/ft 3.11 k/ft 3.11 k/ft

14 5.16 k/ft 4.23 k/ft

3 spans @ 20-0

B1
Self weight of beam
= 1.2 (14 0.71 k/ft 1.93 k/ft 1.93 k/ft

13/144) 0.15 5.16 k/ft 4.23 k/ft

B1
= 0.23 kip/ft
Adding this with the
calculated loads on
beams: B2

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 110

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)
Moment Coefficient Method: Example 2
Load On Beams (including self-weight) 4 spans @ 25-0

B2
2.62 k/ft 2.07 k/ft

1.45 k/ft 3.34 k/ft

3 spans @ 20-0
B1
5.39 k/ft 4.46 k/ft

0.94 k/ft 2.16 k/ft

B1

B2

B4 B3 B3 B3 B4
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 111

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

wu

Integral with Simple

support support
ln ln ln

Positive
1/14 1/16 1/11 Moment
x wuln2
Spandrel
support 1/24 1/10* 1/11 1/11 1/10* 0 Negative
Moment
Column *1/9 (2 spans) wuln2
support
1/16 x
* 1/11(on both faces of other interior supports)
* 1/12 (for all spans with ln < 10 ft)
Note: For simply supported slab, M = wul2/8, where l = span length (ACI 8.9).

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 112

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Analysis of Beams
Interior Beam B1

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 113

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Analysis of Beams
Exterior Beam B2

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 114

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Analysis of Beams
Interior Beam B3

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 115

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Analysis of Beams
1.45 k/ft

Exterior Beam B4

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 116

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Pictures of a Multi-Storey
Commercial Building

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 117

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Pictures of a Multi-Storey
Commercial Building

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 118

59
 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Phases of Construction

Different Stages of Building Construction

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 119

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Practice Examples

Moment Coefficient Method: Home Work

Design the given slab system

4 spans @ 25-0
Slab thickness = 6
Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I SDL = 40 psf
LL = 60 psf
3 spans @ 20-0

fc =3 ksi
fy = 40 ksi
Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 120

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Practice Examples

Moment Coefficient Method: Home Work

Design the given slab system

4 spans @ 20-0
Slab thickness = 6
Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I SDL = 40 psf
LL = 60 psf

3 spans @ 15-0
fc =3 ksi
fy = 40 ksi
Panel II Panel IV Panel IV Panel II

Panel I Panel III Panel III Panel I

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 121

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

References

CRSI Design Handbook

ACI 318

Design of Concrete Structures 13th Ed. by Nilson, Darwin and

Dolan.

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 122

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

The End

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 123

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali Reinforced Concrete Design II 124

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 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar

Design Example 2
(100 60, 3-Storey Commercial Building)

Analysis Results (All values are in ft-kip)

4 spans @ 25-0

1.79 1.60 Mneg at Non-

Continuous End =
1.19 3.57 5.52 7.80 3.38 4.78 7.80
5.37 1/3 of Mpos

3 spans @ 20-0
8.42 6.54

8.91 7.72

0.94 2.82 3.24 5.14 2.88 5.14

4.51 4.31
8.91 7.72

NOTE: White: Longer Direction Moments, Yellow: Shorter Direction Moments

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