SECTION 15: INSTALLATION OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

SECTION 15
INSTALLATION OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
15.1 Scope

(1) This Section applies to installation of interior and exterior lighting equipment.

15.2 Normative References

(1) The following references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of the Ethiopian Building Code Standard on Electrical Installation of Buildings.

(a) C22.1:2009 Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, Safety Standard for Electrical
Installation, Sixteenth Edition

(b) EN 12665:2002 Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting
requirements

(c ) BS 8208:1985 British Standard, Artificial Lighting for Interior, Part 1.

(d) EN 40-1:1991: Lightning columns; part 1: definitions and terms

15.3 Interior Lighting Equipment

15.3.1 General

15.3.1.1 Material

(1) Material of lamps shall confirm, as regards the type of lamp, mechanical qualities and insulation
resistance, to applicable IEC or other international standards.

15.3.1.2 Luminaire Construction

(1) Luminaires shall be constructed from such material and so finished that their safety, performance or
appearance does not deteriorate significantly during normal life when they are operated in the condition
for which they are designed.

15.3.1.3 Voltage

(1) Branch circuit voltages shall not exceed 230.0V -to-earth in dwelling units; and in other than dwelling
units, voltages shall not exceed the voltage-to-earth of nominal system 380.0V.

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Note: Where 380.0V line-to-line system is used, the control switch shall be of double-pole type and the luminaire shall be
earthed.

15.3.1.4 Protection

(1) Incandescent luminaires and incandescent lampholders shall not be connected to a branch circuit
protected by overcurrent devices rated at more than 16.0A; but in other than dwelling units, they shall be
permitted to be connected to a branch circuit protected by overcurrent devices rated or set at not more
than 20.0A.

(2) Tungsten halogen luminaries, incandescent moulded-base luminaries, and incandescent moulded-base
lampholders shall not be connected to branch circuit protected by overcurrent devices rated or set at more
than 40.0A.

(3) Fluorescent luminaries shall not be connected to a branch circuit protected by overcurrent devices
rated or set at more than 16.0A except for circuits supplying fluorescent luminaries; only the rating of the
overcurrent protection may exceed 16.0A, but shall not exceed 20.0A.

(4) High intensity discharge (HID) luminaries shall not be connected to a branch circuit protected by
overcurrent devices rated or set at more than:

a) 20.0A where the input voltage to the luminaire is not more than 230.0V nominal, but not
exceeding 380.0V nominal; and

b) 16.0A where the input voltage is above 380.0V nominal.

15.3.2 Location of Lighting Equipment

15.3.2.1 Near or over combustible material

(1) Luminaries and lampholders shall be placed or guarded in such a manner as to prevent ignition of any
combustible materials.

(2) Any shade or guard used for the purpose in (1) above shall be, besides limiting the temperature to
which the combustible material may be subjected, suitable to withstand the heat from the lamp.

15.3.2.2 Show windows

(1) In show windows:

a) no luminaries having exposed wiring other than a luminaire of a chain-suspension type shall be
used; and

b) no lampholders having a paper-fibber lining shall be used.

15.3.2.3 Clothes closets

(1) Luminaires installed in clothes closets:

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a) shall be located on the ceiling or on the front wall above the door of the closet unless mounted on
the trim of the sidewalls of the doorway and approved for the application; and

b) shall not be of pendant type.

15.3.2.4 Luminaire in damp or wet locations

(1) Luminaries in damp or wet locations shall be approved for such locations and be so marked.

15.3.2.5 Control switch

(1) A light fitting connected to an installation by means other than a socket outlet shall be controlled by a
switch which shall be arranged to disconnect all the supply conductors.

(2) The switch required by (1) above shall be separate from lighting fitting and in a readily accessible
position subject to the provisions (3) and (5) below, where applicable.

(3) Where a switch has to be situated so as to be normally inaccessible to a person who is using a bath or
a shower, it is admissible for the switch to be placed adjacent to the normal access door of the room, or to
be of the type operated by insulating cord.

(4) The switch or switches providing control of comprehensive lighting installation comprising more than
one lighting fitting in non-domestic premises may be installed in separate rooms.

(5) Where lighting fittings are installed over readily combustible material, every light fitting .shall be
controlled by an individual wall switch.

(6) Where stairway in a dwelling unit has risers, the lighting shall be controlled by intermediate wall
switches or their functional equivalent located at the head .and foot of the stairway.

15.3.3 Installation of Lighting Equipment

15.3.3.1 Live parts

(1) Luminaries, lampholders, and rosettes shall be installed so that no live part is exposed to contact while
they are in use.

(2) Where lampholders and switches have exposed accessible terminals, they shall not be installed in
metal luminaire canopies or in open bases of portable lamps.

15.3.3.2 Supports

(1) Every luminaire, lamp holder and rosette shall be securely supported.

(2) Where a luminaire weighs more than 30.0N or exceeds 40.0cm in any dimension, it shall not be
supported by the screw shell of the lampholders.

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(3) Where a non-metallic outlet box of thermoplastic material, such as, for example, P.V.C, is used to
suspend a luminaire, care shall be taken to ensure that the temperature of the box does not exceed 600C;
and the mass suspended shall not exceed 30.0N.

(4) Where the weight of a luminaire does not exceed 100.0N, it shall be permitted to be supported by an
outlet box that is mounted on a bar hanger.

(5) Where a luminaire weights more than 100.0 N, it shall be suspended independently of the outlet box,
or by means of an acceptable fixture hanger with integral outlet box.

15.3.3.3 Outlet boxes to be covered

(1) Every outlet box used with lighting equipment shall be provided with a cover or covered by a
luminaire canopy lamp holder, rosette, or other device.

15.3.3.4 Recessed luminaries

(1) The recessed portion of every enclosure of a recessed luminaire shall be at least 12.5mm from
combustible material at every point other than at a point of support.

(2) Every recessed luminaire shall be so installed that any adjacent combustible material is not subjected
to temperature in excess of 90oC.

(3) Recessed luminaries shall not be used when blanketed with thermal insulation unless the luminaries
are marked and approved for this use.

15.3.3.5 Minimum height of luminaries

(1) Where a rigid luminaire or lampholder is located at a height of less than 2.1m above the floor and is
readily accessible, the luminaire or lampholder shall be protected from mechanical injury by a guard or by
location.

15.3.3.6 Luminaire exposed to flying objects

(1) Where luminaries are installed in gymnasiums or similar locations where the lamps are normally
exposed to damage from flying objects, the lamp shall be guarded by one of the following means:

a) metal reflectors that effectively protect the lamps,

b) metal screens,

c) enclosures of armoured glass or suitable plastic material.

15.3.3.7 Luminaire as a raceway

(1) Branch circuit conductors run through a luminaire shall be contained in a raceway which is an integral
part of the luminaire except that the conductor of a 2-wire, 3-wire, or 4-wire branch circuit supplying the
luminaire may be carried through:

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a) an installation of luminaries approved and marked for end-to-end assembly to form a continuous
channel; or

b) luminaries which are connected together by acceptable wiring methods.

(2) Ballasts located within luminaries shall be deemed to be sources of heat and' the conductors supplying
the luminaries shall:

a) have a temperature rating not less than 90C;

b) be of type listed in:

i) Section 4, Annex: B, as being suitable for use in raceway; or

ii) Section 4, Annex B, as being suitable for use in accordance with this Clause, provided that
conductors are not smaller than 2.5mm2 and do not extend beyond the luminaries through
raceway more than 2.0m long.

15.3.4 Wiring of Lighting Equipment

15.3.4.1 Wiring of luminaries

(1) All electrical wiring on or within a luminaire, beside ensuring its electrical safety, shall:

a) be neatly arranged without excess wiring;

b) be not exposed to mechanical injury;
c) be arranged so that it is not subject to temperatures above those for which it is approved; and
d) be free from joint or tap within an arm or stem.

15.3.4.2 Colour coding

(1) Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 4 with regard to the colours used for identifying
conductors, a continuous coloured tracer in the braid of individual braided conductor shall be permitted
for the supply conductors of a luminaire.

15.3.4.3 Conductor cross section and insulation

(1) Luminaries shall be wired with a conductor at least 0.5mm2 cross sectional area, having insulation
suitable for voltage and temperature to which the conductors may be subjected.

15.3.4.4 Conductor on movable parts

(1) Stranded conductors shall be used on chain-type luminaire and other movable parts of lighting
equipment.

(2) Conductors shall be arranged so that the weight of the luminaire or that of the movable parts do.es not
place undue tension on the connections.

(3) All conductors which supply movable parts of lighting equipment shall be protected against
mechanical injury.

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15.3.4.5 Pendant conductors

(1) Where pendant conductors are longer than 900.0mm, they shall be twisted together.

15.3.4.6 Recessed luminaire wiring

(1) Conductors for wiring recessed luminaire, branch circuit and tap connection shall have insulation
suitable for the temperature encountered.

(2) Branch circuit conductors shall be permitted to be run directly to the luminaire

(3) Tap connection on' conductors shall:

a) not be smaller than 1.0mm2 copper run in a factory-installed raceway or, if raceway is provided
but not factory assembled, smaller than 2.5mm2;
b) extend at least 150.0 mm from the raceway; and
c) be installed in a raceway extending at least 450.0mm but not more than 2.0m from the luminaire,
and terminate in an outlet box located not less than 300.0mm from the luminaire.

(4) The outlet box referred in (3c) above shall be accessible, and if access is through the opening for
mounting the luminaire or through some other opening in the ceiling, this opening shall be not less than
200.0mm x 200.0mm and the outlet box shall be mounted within 350.0mm of the opening.

(5) A supply connection box forming part of an approved luminaire assembly shall be accessible, and if
access is through the opening for mounting the luminaire, the following requirements shall be met:

a) The electrical components of the luminaire shall be capable of being extracted through the
opening for service.
b) The cover of the supply connection box shall be capable of being removed by hand tool held
below ceiling.

(6) Branch-circuit conductors shall not pass through the supply connection box forming part of an
approved luminaire assembly unless the luminaire is approved and marked for the purpose.

15.3.4.7 Ceiling outlet box wiring

(1) Branch-circuit conductors having insulation suitable for 90C shall be used for the wiring of all
ceiling outlet boxes on which a luminaire is, or may be, mounted; and the ampacity of 90C wire shall be
limited to the ampacity of 60C wire.

15.3.4.8 Wiring of show-window luminaries

(1) Where show-window luminaries are closely spaced, they shall be permitted to be connected to a
conductor suitable for the purpose which is listed in Annex B of Section 4 with a temperature rating of
not less than 125C.

(2) The connection of show-window luminaries to the circuit conductors shall be in a junction box; and
the box shall be maintained at a sufficient distance from the luminaire to ensure that the circuit conductors
are not subjected to temperature in excess of their rating.

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15.3.5 Earthing of Lighting Equipment

15.3.5.1 General

(1) Non-current-carrying metal parts of luminaries and associated equipment shall be earthed in
accordance with Part I of Section 7.

15.3.5.2 Lampholders

(1) Where centre-contact screw lampholders are connected to a source of supply having an earthed neutral
conductor, the outer or screwed contact shall be connected to that conductor.

(2) Where lampholders in (1) above are used in circuits having neither pole connected with earth or in any
damp situation in which they can readily be touched by a person in contact with or standing on earthed
metal, they shall be provided with a protective shield of insulating material or shall be placed or
safeguarded so that neither the lamp cap nor the outer or screwed contact of the lampholder can
inadvertently be touched when the lamp cap is engaged with the contact.

15.3.6 Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems Operating at 1000.0V or Less

15.3.6.1 Transformer

(1) Oil-filled transformers shall not be used.

15.3.6.2 Thermal protection

(1) Luminaries which employ fluorescent lamps shall have thermally protected ballasts except where the
ballasts are of the simple reactance type.

15.3.6.3 Auxiliary equipment

(1) Reactors, capacitors, resistors, and other auxiliary equipment shall be:

a) enclosed within the liminaire,

b) enclosed within an accessible, permanently installed, metal cabinet where remote from the
luminaire, or
c) acceptable for use without an additional enclosure.

(2) The metal cabinet, if not part of the luminaire, shall be installed as close as possible to the luminaire.

(3) Where display cases are not permanently installed, no part of a secondary circuit shall be included in
more than one case.

15.3.6.4 Control

(1) The luminaries and lamp installations shall be controlled by a switch, circuit breaker, or contactor.

(2) Where a switch is used as in (1) above, it shall:

a) have a current rating of not less than twice the current rating of the lamps or transformers;

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b) be a type approved with the assembly; or

c) be a manually-operated general use 380.0V a.c. switch.

15.4 Outdoor Lighting Equipment

15.4.1 General

15.4.1.1 Hazard

(1) In outdoor lighting installations, either decorative lighting or illumination of outdoor areas, the
protection of the installation and safety from shock hazard shall be the major concern and the fire hazard
of the minor or of secondary nature.

15.4.1.2 Ballast protection

(1) Luminaire which employ fluorescent lamps shall have thermally protected ballasts except where the
ballasts are of the simple reactance type.

15.4.1.3 Overcurrent protection

(1) Overcurrent protection shall not be provided in a high-intensity discharge luminaire or a separate
ballast box unless the combination is approved for the purpose and so marked.

15.4.2 Permanent Outdoor Floodlighting Installation

15.4.2.1 General

(1) Clause 15.4.2 shall apply to permanent, outdoor installations of floodlights of 300.0W or larger where
the floodlights are mounted on poles or towers.

15.4.2.2 Service equipment

(1) Service equipment shall comply with Section 5 of this Code; and where indoor installation is installed
outdoors, it shall be installed in an acceptable weather-proof enclosure.

15.4.2.3 Wiring methods underground

(1) Underground wiring shall be run:

a) where acceptable, in rigid steel or rigid aluminum conduit;

b) in non-metallic underground conduit;
c) as lead-sheathed armoured cable, mineral-insulated cable, or aluminum-sheathed cable; or
d) as conductors or cable assemblies acceptable for earth burial.

(2) Conductors buried directly in the earth shall be of types suitable for use in wet locations

(3) Suitable corrosion-resistant protection shall be provided for aluminum sheathed cables and aluminum
conduits, and also for mineral-insulated cable, if used where materials coming into contact with the cable
may have a deteriorating effect on the sheath.

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15.4.2.4 Wiring methods on poles

(1) All electrical equipment on a pole shall be controlled by a switch which can be locked in the "Off'
position, and each pole shall be provided with a prominent sign warning against climbing the pole until
the switch is "Off unless all conductors and live parts other than those used for pole-top wiring are
guarded against accidental contact in one of the following ways:

a) The conductors are run in rigid or flexible metal conduit, as in mineral-insulated cable, or up the
centre of steel, aluminum, or hallow concrete poles;

b) The conductors and live parts are kept at least 1.0m from the climbing ladder or climbing step.

c) Barriers are provided between conductors or live parts, or both, and the climbing ladder so as to
prevent a likelihood of contact by the climber.

(2) Conductors running up the centre of poles shall be supported so as to prevent injury to the conductors
inside the pole and so as to prevent undue strain on the conductor where they leave the pole.

(3) Where vertical conductors, cables, and earthing conductors are within 2.5m of locations accessible to
unauthorized persons, they shall be provided with a covering which gives acceptable mechanical
protection.

(4) On wood poles, for earthing conductors from lightning arresters, the protective covering specified in
(3) above shall be of wood moulding or other insulating material giving equivalent protection.

(5) Where there is more than one branch circuits on a pole top, the feeders shall be run to a distribution
panelboard which shall be either weather-proof or installed in a weatherproof enclosure.

Note: The panelboard may be omitted where there are two branch circuits on a 230/380.0V circuits with a common
neutral line and where there are three branch circuits on a 230/380.0V, 3-phase, 4-wire circuits.

(6) Pole-top branch circuit wiring, exclusive of leads approved with floodlights to which they are
connected, shall be run:

a) as lead-sheathed cable or rubber or thermoplastic-insulated, moisture-resistant types of

conductors installed in rigid conduit; or
b) by special permission, as insulated or uninsulated exposed wiring provided that:

i) the wiring is supported on a suitable insulator;

ii) the wiring is controlled by a switch which can be locked in the "Off' position;
and
iii) the pole is provided with a prominent sign warning against climbing it until the switch is
"Off'.

(7) There shall be no joints or splices concealed within conduit; but open taps and joints may be made in
pole-top exposed wiring provided the joint or lap is given insulation equivalent to that on the conductors
jointed.

(8) Transformers shall comply with the following:

a) If mounted on floodlight poles, all live parts shall be guarded as required by (1) above.

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b) If mounted on poles, the bottom of the transformer shall be at least 5.0m above locations
accessible to unauthorized persons.
c) If located on platforms on the ground, they shall be completely enclosed so as to prevent access
by unauthorized persons or they shall be surrounded by a protecting fence.

(9) Switches controlling floodlights shall comply with the following:

a) A switch on the primary side of a transformer shall be capable of making and interrupting the
full-load on the transformer.
b) Switches controlling floodlights from the secondary side of a transformer shall have a current
rating not less than 125% of the current requirements of the floodlights they control.
c) Switches shall be capable of being operated either by remote operation or by proper guarding
without exposing the operator to danger of contact with live parts.
d) Switches shall be capable of being locked in the "Off' position.

(10) The secondary earthed-circuit conductor may be earthed by interconnecting to the primary earthed
circuit conductor provided that:

a) the primary is earthed at the transformers, and

b) interconnection is made at the transformer.

(11) Except for isolated metal parts such as cross bars, bolts, insulator pins, and the like, all non-current-
carrying metal parts of the electrical equipment at the pole-top shall be bonded together and, if within
reach of any earthed metal, they shall be earthed.

15.4.3 Exposed Wiring for Permanent Outdoor Lighting

15.4.3.1 General

(l) Clause 15.4.3 shall apply to exposed wiring for permanent outdoor lighting other than floodlighting
where the circuits are run between buildings between poles, or between buildings and poles.

15.4.3.2 Conductors

(1) Conductors shall be stranded copper, not less than 2.5m2, and shall be:

a) of a type suitable for exposed wiring where exposed to the weather;

b) of the rubber-insulated type suitable for exposed wiring where exposed to the weather when
lampholders of a type which puncture the insulation and make contact with the conductors are
used; or
c) of the moisture-resistant, rubber-insulated type suitable for exposed wiring where exposed to the
weather if cabled together and used with messenger cables.

15.4.3.3 Use of insulators

15.4.3.3.1 Conductors attachment

(1) Conductors shall be securely attached to insulators at each end of the run if a messenger is not used
and at the intermediate points of support, if there are any.

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15.4.3.3.2 Type of insulator

(1) Insulators at the ends of runs shall be of the strain type unless the conductors are supported by
messenger cables.

15.4.3.3.3 Split knobs

(1) Split knobs shall not be used.

15.4.3.3.4 Height of conductors

(1) Conductors supplying lamps in parking lots, used-car lots, drive-in establishments and similar
commercial areas shall be maintained such that the conductors or the bottom of a lamp fed from the
conductors, whichever is lower, shall have a clearance of not less than 4.0m above grade at any point in a
run, except that where a driveway or through fare exists, this clearance shall not be less than 4.0m.

15.4.3.5 Spacing from combustible material

(1) Conductors and lampholders shall be maintained at a distance not less than 1.0m from any
combustible material except for branch circuit conductors at the point of connection to buildings or poles.

15.4.3.6 Spacing of conductors

(1) Conductors shall be separated at least 300.0mm from each other by means of insulating spacers at
intervals of not more than 4.5m unless the conductors are secured to and supported by messenger cables.

15.4.3.7 Lampholders

(1) Lampholders shall:

a) be of weatherproof types, with moulded insulating bodies;

b) be of types having either:

i) permanently attached leads; or

ii) terminals of a type which puncture the insulation and make contact with the conductors;

c) have, when with permanently attached leads, the connection to the circuit wires staggered where a
cabled assembly is used.

15.4.3.8 Use of messenger cables

(1) Messenger cables:

a) shall be used to support the conductors:

i) if lampholders having permanently attached leads are used, and the span exceeds 12.0m;
and
ii) in all cases where lampholders having termination which puncture the insulation are used;

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b) shall be securely attached at each end of the run and shall be earthed.

15.4.3.9 Construction of messenger cables

(1) Messenger cables shall be of galvanized steel, copper-coated steel, or stainless steel, and shall be of a
stranded construction with no less than seven strands.

(2) The effective ultimate strength of a messenger cable shall not be less than 3 times the calculated
maximum working load and in no case shall the individual strands be less than:

a) 1.168mm in diameter in the case of galvanized or copper-coated wire; or

b) 1.112mm in diameter in the case of stainless steel wire.

15.4.3.10 Branch circuit loading and protection

(1) Branch circuits shall be protected by overcurrent devices rated at not more than 32.0A.

(2) The total load on a branch circuit shall not exceed 80% of the rating or setting of the overcurrent
devices.

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ANNEX A (NORMATIVE)

LIGHTING COLUMNS

A.1 TERMS IN THE FIELD OF LIGHTING COLUMNS

Lighting column a support intended to hold one or more lanterns, consisting of one of
more parts: a post, possibly an extension piece and, if necessary, a
bracket. It does not include columns for catenary lighting.

Nominal height the distance between the centerline of the point of entry of the lantern
and the intended ground level for a column planted in the ground, or the
flange plate, for a column with a flange plate as shown in Figure A.1.

Figure A.1 Nominal height

Post-top column a straight column without bracket to support the lantern (post-top
lantern) directly.

Column with bracket a column to support a lantern or lanterns (side-entry lanterns) by

means of one or more brackets which are integral with, or
demountable from, the column.

Bracket a component used to support a lantern at a definite distance from

the axis of the lower straight portion of a single, double or
multiple form column and integral with, or demountable from,
the column.

Bracket projection horizontal distance from the point of entry to the lantern to a
vertical line passing through the center of the cross section of
the column at the ground level as shown in Figure A.2.

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Figure A.2 Bracket projection

Bracket fixing the connecting part on a column for securing a separate bracket.
It may be of the same size or a different cross section from the
column.

Lantern fixing the connecting part on the end of a post-top column or of a

bracket for securing a lantern. It may be the end of the column or
the bracket itself or an additional part having the same or a
different cross section from the column or bracket.

Lantern fixing angle angle between the axis of the lantern fixing and the horizontal.

Door opening opening in a column for access to electrical equipment.

Cable entry slot opening in a column below ground for cable entry.

Planting depth the length of a column below the intended ground level as shown in Figure A.3.

Figure A.3 Planting depth

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Base plate plate below ground level fixed to a planted column sinking into the
ground and to help prevent the column overturning as shown in Figure
A.4.

Figure A.4 Base plate

Flange plate a plate with an opening for cable entry, attached rigidly to a column which is surface
mounted, to allow it to be secured to a concrete foundation or other structures as shown in Figure A.5.

Figure A.5 Flange plate

A.2 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCE

A.2.1 Requirements

The dimensional requirements are specified except that the connection dimensions in Clause A2.7
represent a recommended choice.

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A.2.2 Post top columns, main dimensions (in meters)

Figure for column foundation see A.2.5

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A.2.3 Columns with brackets, main dimensions (in meters)

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A.2.4 Door openings and cable entry slots (dimensions in millimetres)

a b

200 75

300 85

400 100

500 100

500 120

600 115

600 130

6801) 951)

6801) 1301)

9001) 1301)

1) Supplementary dimensions for concrete columns.

2) For metal columns only.
3) It is recommended that this dimension be approximately 600mm, but in no case shall it be less
than 300mm; no maximum is specified.
4) It is recommended that the door opening is positioned parallel to the bracket on the side away
from the direction of traffic.

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A.2.5 Column foundation, planting depth and base plate (dinsians in millimeters)

1) The planting depth. e, shall be selected from the values given in the table taking into consideration the
calculations made before hand and the ground conditions.

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A.2.6 Flange plate (dimensions in millimeters)

h c s1), a d11) d21) l1)

min

<5 260 8 200 M18 22 400

< 12 400 10 300 M24 30 500

< 20 400 20 300 M27 33 700

1) These dimensions shall be checked by calculation.

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A2.7 Connection Dimensions for Lanterns (in millimeters)l)

d11) L1

60 70

76 130

102 250

d21) l2

42 100

60 100

250

1) See clause A.2.1.

2) This design does not apply to concrete columns.
3) Diameters of steel spigots should be as given in ISO 64-1974 "Steel tubes, outside diameters" for steel
tubes of the nearest size.

ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD EBCS-10: 2013