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21. To prepare a solution of 50% sulfuric acid, a dilute waste acid containing 28% sulfuric acid
is fortified with a purchased acid containing 96% sulfuric acid. How many kilograms of the
purchased acid must be bought for a 100 kg dilute acid.
Given:
50% sulfuric acid
96% sulfuric acid
28% sulfuric acid at 100 kg
Soln
Let x = kg of 96% sulfuric acid
0.5(100 + x) = 0.28(100) + 0.96(x)
x= 47.8261 kg
ANS: B. 55
Thermo 2
12. The compression ratio of an ideal air Otto cycle is 6:1. P1 is 14.7 psia, T1 is 68F. Find the
pressure and temperature at state 2.
Given:
r=6
P1= 14.7 psia
T1= 68F
Soln
T 2 y1
=r
T1
T2 1.41
=6
(68+ 460 ) R
T2= 1081.1711 R
P2
=r y
P1
P2 1.4
=6
14.7
P2= 180.6047 psia
Given:
Kinematic viscosity= 0.00024 m2/sec
Annulus: 3 in Sched 40 & 1 in Sched 40
L=10 m
Soln:
3
Area 3.8899 x 10
Dh= 4x =4 x =0.0445 m
Wetted perimeter 0.3496
Flow velocity=0.5 m/sec
Relative roughness= 0.0457 mm=4.57x10-5 m
ANS: C. 1.98
Heat
21.Consider the following 30 m2 parallel flow heat exchanger specifications:
Cold fluid enters at 40C: Cc=20000 W/K
Hot fluid enters at 150C: Ch=10,000 W/K
Determine the hot and cold exit temperatures using the effectiveness NTU method.
Given:
A= 30 m2
U= 500 W/m2-K
Cc=20000 W/K
Ch=10,000 W/K
Tc1=40C
Th1=150C
Soln:
UA ( 500 ) (30)
NTU = = =1.5
Cmin 10000
Cmin 10000
= =0.5
Cmax 20000
1e
{ (
NTU 1 +
Cmin
Cmax )}
1e {1.5 ( 1+0.5 )}
effectiveness of = =0.5964
Cmin 1+0.5
1+
Cmax
Q=effectiveness ( Cmin ) (Th 1Tc 1 )= ( 0.5964 ) ( 10000 ) (15040 )=656040 W
Q 656040
Th2=Th1 =150 =84.396C
Ch 10000
Q 656040
Tc 2=Tc 1+ =40+ =72.802C
Cc 20000
Soln:
Melting point of naphtha = 80.2
Enthalpy of fusion of naphtha= 19.29 kJ/mol
Mole fraction of solute at equilibrium is a function of the heat of fusion:
J
( )
19290
mol 1 1
( )
x 2=e
( (
Hf 1
1
R T 1 Tm ))
=e
8.314
J
molK
30+273.15 K 80.2+ 273.15
=0.3371
If no evaporation is formed:
Crystals=5064.8 kg/hr
Mother liqour=2935.2 kg/hr
At 30C
83.45 parts naphthalene napthalene crystals formed
=
183.45 parts solution kg
2935.2 mother liqour
hr
Naphthalene crystals formed in Mother liquor= 1335.2 kg/hr
2935.21335.2
benzenemother liqour= =0.5451 benzene
2935.2
Momentum
4.A suspension in water of uniformly sized spheres of diameter 100 um and density 1200 kg/m 3
has a solids volume fraction of 0.2. The suspension settles to a bed of solids volume fraction
0.5. The single particle terminal velocity of the spheres in water may be taken as 1.1 mm/s
Calculate the velocity at which the sediment/suspension interface rises.
0.21 mm/s
0.36 mm/s
0.26 mm/s
0.29 mm/s
The velocity of the interface between initial suspension (B) and sediment (S) istherefore:U
int,
( Velocity at initial suspension )( Solids conc ' n at initial suspension )( velocity at sediment ) (solids
U at interface=
Solids con c ' nat initial suspensionsolids concentration at sediment