PSTAT 122: Final Practice Question Solutions Monday December 5, 12:003:00

1. Suppose that we have 23 factorial design with observations

(1) a b ab c ac bc abc
15 6 8 24 12 5 22 33

(a) Estimate the AB interaction contrast can be calculated from A and B

(1) a b ab c ac bc abc
A + + + +
B + + + +
AB + + + +
Therefore,
1 43
AB = (15 6 8 + 24 + 12 5 22 + 33) = = 10.75
4 4
(b) The sums of squares for the C main effect from this data.
1 19
C= (15 6 8 24 + 12 + 5 + 22 + 33) = = 4.75
4 4
and thus
192
SSC = = 45.125
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2. A 261 fractional factorial design observes 32 treatment levels. If we have aliased I = ABCDEF and
ABC = DEF ,

(a) The treatment levels we include are the ones where ABCDEF is +. This will occur when an
even number of factors are at the high level.
(1) ab ac ad ae af bc bd
be bf cd ce cf de df ef
abcd abce abcf abde abdf abef acde acdf
acef adef bcde bcdf bcef bdef cdef abcdef
(b) The treatment levels that are given a positive sign in estimating AC are the ones which include
a high level for both A and C
ac abcd abce abcf
acde acdf acef abcdef
Along with the ones that have a low level for both A and C
(1) bd be bf
de df ef bdef

3. (a) This ANOVA table for a randomized complete block design with fixed effects is

df SS MSS F
Block 11 475 43.18
Treatment 7 865 123.57 17.73
Error 77 537 6.97
Total 95 1877

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 (b) If we treat the Block effect as a random effect and the Treatment as a fixed effect, then estimate
2
the variance B of the Block random effect is

2 MSSB MSSE 43.18 6.97

B = = = 4.53
an 8
(c) We would conclude that the effect of our Treatment is statistically significant at an = 0.05 level.
The F statistic is 17.73 which is larger than the critical value of 2.13. This means that the means
of the treatment groups are different when we have controlled for the effects of the Blocks. We
have rejected the null hypothesis that all of the i = 0 when the j are included in the model.
The test is the same whether we consider the j fixed or random.
4. An experiment is designed to study pigment dispersion in paint. 4 different pigments recipes were
used, mixed up in three batches each. Each batch was prepared and then applied to a panel by
three application methods (brushing, rolling, and spraying.) The response measured is the percentage
reflectance of the pigment. For each observation, we have recorded the application method (3 levels),
which recipe was used (4 levels), and the batch (3 levels for each pigment).
(a) The ANOVA table for a nested model with all fixed effects

df SS MSS F
Mixture 3 307.48 102.49 108.46
Application 2 222.10 111.05
Batch (in Mixture) 8 6.56 0.82
Residual 22 20.79 0.945
Total 35 556.93
(b) The 4 mixtures do have significantly different reflective properties. The F statistic of 108 is much
larger than 3.049. We reject the null hypothesis that the recipes all have the same mean.
(c) The manufacturer included the different application methods in the experimental design and
results to check to see if they would make a difference in the reflective properties. By using the
Application factor as a Block, we are able to remove the residual variance that we might otherwise
have if we ignored this factor.
(d) This is a nested model because the 12 batches of paint were each produced with just one recipe.
It wouldnt make sense to change the recipe in a single batch, and therefore we need to model the
batches as nested within the Mixtures. It turns out that the low MSS indicates that the batches
were mostly the same.
5. We wanted to test 5 levels of our treatment variable, but each block can only handle 4 replications. As
a result we decide to use a balanced incomplete block design with 5 blocks and 20 total observations.
I ran my R code in two different ways.

Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)

treat 4 4442 1110.4 3.874 0.0335 *
block 4 104 26.1 0.091 0.9834
Residuals 11 3153 286.7

or maybe it should be

Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)

block 4 68 17.1 0.060 0.9924
treat 4 4477 1119.3 3.905 0.0327 *
Residuals 11 3153 286.7

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(a) The appropriate F statistic is 3.905. We want to put the block variable first in the model because
the design is incomplete and the order matters. The Sum Sq in the second model is actually
the adjusted sum of squares where the influence of the block effect has been removed.
(b) We would conclude that the treatment is significant at an = 0.05 level. The P value is less than
0.05. The treatments are different once we have controlled for the differences between the blocks.
(c) There are a = 5 levels of our treatment variable each of the b = 5 blocks contains k = 4 treatment
levels. Each treatment is repeated r = 4 times. Thus

r(k 1) 4(3)
= = =3
(a 1) 4

This is the number of times each pair of levels appears together.

(d) If 1 = 7.97 = kQ1 /(a). We have

(a 1) 2
Var(Q1 ) =
k
so that
(a 1)k 2
Var(i ) =
a2
You could also use the formula from the textbook. Our estimate of 2 is the mean sum of squared
error.
The 95% confidence interval for 1 is
r
(a 1)k
7.97 t11,0.975 MSSE
a2
s
4(4)
7.97 2.2 286.7
3(25)
[9.24, 25.18]

We used t11,0.975 = 2.2.

Critical Values
m n Fm,n,0.95
3 22 3.049
3 25 2.991
3 27 2.960
3 35 2.874
7 77 2.131
7 95 2.108