HIST 17 is not limited to the study of Rizal. It is studying Rizal in the context of then and now.

Because if you
study Rizal in the context of his own tongue, you will be limiting the meaning and substance of the course. The
book from UP Diliman PI 100 was by Gregorio Zaide who was sent to a selected American University to study.
He became the little brown American and became a pro-american Filipino and also the rest of the Filipino
pensionados who were sent to the states in the 1900s.

National Language Law during Quezon regime was not easy to implement
They saw Luzon as an easier place to negotiate
Americans were there at that time
the national highway wasn't yet implemented that time meaning only horses and carabaos were available
many barangays were only accessible thru mountain trails and rivers and no access to the national gridline
meaning no electricity
x f j z is added to the national langauge
Tagalog based Filipino literature: allows the use of common words such as kawatan,

the tagalog language is more courteous as some say

before gwen garcia finished her regime they were able to connect all electrical gridlines

The law was signed on June 12, 1956.

The first school to fully implement and test it UP Diliman for the piloting or the testing. The original UP was
near Intramuros.
1944 to 1945 the schools (UP, Ateneo) near Intramuros were all destroyed except UST where Rizal spent
his premed years.
The old UST and UST hospital was made a prison camp for all foreign nationals (US, Europeans) who were
at war with Japan were living in the Phils under the Japanese rule
1878 to 1882 Rizal studied in UST
The use of steel reinforcement only started during American period in the Phils. The same period 35 or 37
years later, the Philippine Commonwealth was inaugurated with Manuel L. Quezon being the president.
Before 1935, Quezon had to come up with a national language. 2 years later, they began to construct the
capitol of Cebu
Kalye Enrile: the original place of capitol in Cebu (where Toyota is now located)
San Juan Bautista was demolished and its bricks were transferred to Sto. Nio Church, the Cathedral, and
Museo Sugbo (Carsel de Cebu).
The Cathedral was administered by the Augustinians which were opposed by the Chinese
RA 1425 Requires all Filipino citizens in the tertiary level to take Rizal but was not only limited to that but
was integrated as social studies in primary and secondary school but is not as strict as the tertiary level. The
biggest integration being in 3rd year and 4th year highschool as Filipino literature (Noli Me & El Fili)
Has been strengthened by CHED Readings in Philippine History with a 3 unit required for all senior high and
even associate programs
International schools are an exception
Most private schools were run by catholic churches which did not teach Rizal until it was required by law.
Rizal had written Filipino Christian's ignorance against the Friars' abuse. He had destroyed the Catholic
Church's reputation.
There is no person in the Congress who will repeal this law because it is conserved as political suicide. The
progressives, the left wing, and the nationalists are gonna hate them and will hinder in the next elections.
One of Rizals younger sisters was married to one of the Teresa Duterte clan members of USPF. Thats why
USPF has a Rizal Museum.
Why are we required to study Rizal?
Worst colonial experience with Americans for 48 years and not really with Spaniards although it was
shorter (48 years) than Spanish (333 years) regime
Even after July 4, 1946, American influences continue to linger
Colonial Miseducation: has to be addressed through the process of decolonization. You are undergoing the
process of deconstruction. How? Thru education and it was the very idea of RA 1425 by the idea of
Nationalist Education for the future of the youth. Made by Claro M. Recto sponsored by Jose P. Laurel the
speaker of the house that time which was a very powerful lawmaker
Duterte: no foreign powers can tell us what to do.

Why Filipinos were misled:

1. They didnt know how to read
2. They dont know Spanish
3. They had no easy access to Rizals writings

[11/20/17]

This was not the first time Rizal was taught in schools. It was already in the public schools from the American
colonial govt who introduced the study in order to colonize the Filipinos.

Rectos intention was to make Filipinos love their country. To make anything Filipino come first. country comes
above everything. it was a nationalist perspective and to oppose any form of colonization and to preserve the
integrity of the nation.

Early 1900s, Americans taught Filipinos. They tweaked Rizal in such a manner that he opposed the revolution
as a way of telling the Filipinos to have education first before gaining independence.
Rizal was not actually a man of peace but promoted revolution against the priests. he endorsed independence
thru an arms struggle.

August 1896: outbreak of the revolution. Bonifacio and the Katipunan were prematurely found out so they had
no choice but to fight which started the revolution. Americans did not really know Rizal and mistaught the
Filipinos.

Americans were the govt. March 23, 1901 the revolution officially ended.

April 25, 1898 Americans declared war against Spain for political or economic reasons because an American
battleship blew up in Cuba and until now, the culprit has never been identified. This was discovered 60 or 70
years after the war. The Americans attacked the Manila Bay in May 1, 1898 in just a matter of 7 days. Months
before, Americans already placed a fleet in Hong Kong. George Dewey had to be promoted 1 rank higher (from
Captain to Commodore) in order to command the fleet. He was someone Americans could trust. He attacked
manila and defeated the Spanish navy thus slowly sending more troops batch by batch.

Just like Bato dela Rosa, he was only a senior superintendent but Duterte promoted him to chief of PNP. Duterte
personally trusted him and if he elected someone he didn't trust, rebellion would be easier to do.

In June 12, 1898, the Phils declared independence however in December 1898, American and Spain went into
agreement to buy Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines for 20M. What about the Phils? Our representative
to Paris was declined in entering the conference. Our leaders were pissed because we were not consulted. Our
leaders then insisted, especially Gen. Luna on our independence until . Well, the US fired the first shot in
Philippine soil thus it became the Filipino-American War in early February.

Spaniards were supposed to pay Americans after the war for the expenses incurred and there should also be an
accounting of the expenses during the war thereof (Indemnity or reimbursement). It was US who actually
offered to pay. Spain was already bankrupt at that time. Since 1810, Mexican revolution Spain started losing its
source of income. The other countries colonized by Spain as well as other European countries were inspired to
wage war against Spain after the Mexican revolution. You pay when you lose the war. 1850, Spain already lost
90% of its empire and had foreign and domestic debts.

March 23, 1901, 1 day after Aguinaldo celebrated his birthday in Palanan, Isabela. A group of American
prisoners arrived at the camp but they were actually disguised and some accompanying soldiers that turned
out as reinforcements (who were actually Mexican Indians who have been working for the Spaniards who are
now mercenaries working for the Americans and they were from Macabebe, Pampanga). Aguinaldo was
captured which ended the Philippine revolution according to the Americans though war was still persisting in
other provinces.

[11/22/2017]

Rizal lived in the 19th Century. Rizal was born 1861 and died 1896.

The First Filipino by Guerrero

award winning book
1st prize for Rizals Centennial Biography Writing Contest. His 100th birthday on 1961

Ang mamatay ng dahil sa yo

the line was not initially in the anthem.
It means dying for country and also killing for the country.

The Spaniards secretly agreed with the Americans to surrender to them and hand over Manila. Americans made
an excuse that they were fighting the American-Spanish war and made a naval base.

January 1899, Filipinos were about to inaugurate the Philippines but the Americans fired the first shot.

Why independence was declared in Kawit, Cavite: Not only because Aguinaldo was a mayor there but because
we could not enter manila because it was still being occupied by Spanish forces. Less than 2 months later, the
secret agreement happened between the Spaniards and Americans.

Why Malolos was where we claimed the Philippine republic (and we had to have a national anthem): not
because the Spaniards were still in Manila but because Americans prohibited armed Filipinos from entering.
The first anthem we had had no lyrics but was a march.

Inspiration for Filipino anthem: we were going to war and the fashionable melody was a march as if going to
war.

7 Kingdoms of the Jutes (Germanic people from Jutland)

Saxons
First millennium (intermarriage between Jutes and Saxons)
JUTES ANGLOS AND SAXONS
Normans - part of France; invaded England
Spain was conquered by the Visigoths
1871 Germany & Austria (states made by the Germans and speak the same language)
Holy Roman Empire (it was German and pagans)

1834, Manila was open to international trade which gave rise to middle class Filipino

Illustrados: the educated middle class. They were Chinky, European, or Malay in appearance.
How they came to power

Stage 1: when they came, they saw that we didnt have much to offer (in money) so we became the base for the
christianization of asia. 1519, Magellan was in Malaysia.

Our gold deposits were discovered by the Americans (Placer Mining Corporations). Spaniards arrived first and
didnt have the technology to do so.

As early as 1460s, Portugal had already been unified. They were earlier to experiment on maritime explorations
and even had a school about it (Naval Academy). Prince Henry was the first......They were the first to employ the
first sons were the leader or crown prince
1492, Columbus discovered America.

Spain was never a country before. It was composed of little divided kingdoms.
Spain was occupied by the Romans, Carthaginian, Greeks, and Jews in 476. Visigoths, German colonies, attacked
Spain but became Spaniards instead by intermarriage
There were 2 Islamic kingdoms conquered the middle of Spain and thus, there were 2 Caliphates. Morocco
Muslims in 711 and Syria in 718. Spain was able to defeat the muslims (Reconquista) after 700 years which was
completed in 1492 and Spain was unified. Moroccans were looking for Gold of Solomon in Spain which they
thought was in Toledo but it was metallics they found instead.

Portugal was ahead in the race for sources of spices. They wanted spices

Long before birth of Jesus, Asia and Europe had been trading

2 groups of Illustrados
0. Moderates: wanted to make Philippine to be part of Spain and become spanish citizens
0. Radicals: evolved around 1872 and would end up with Rizal as their leader. 1888, Rizal stated
writing. They opposed of us becoming a province of Spain. Rizal went for Philippines to become independent

Federal party of the Philippines: wanted Philippines to be part of America. They were part of the bourgeoise.

Insulares: Spaniards born in the Philippines

They were widely discriminated by the spaniards born in Europe
The father of Fr. Burgos served the military for a long time but only reached until 1st Lieutenant

Guerrero calls the friar the last spaniard because he was the most loyal until the end.

The funds came from Mexico to keep Spaniards in running the Philippines. Why? Because the catholic church
was the most powerful, not the soldiers

Augustinians arrived first. Both when Magellan and Legaspi arrived. Late 1500s, Jesuits to construct schools
and seminaries. Jesuits are not friars

[12/4/2017]
Rizal did not emphasize ecological protection in his writings. It was only then after the Philippines earned its
independence when it started emphasis on the ecology.

CALABARZON: Sta. Cruz is no longer the center but it is Calamba which became a city. But during Rizals time it
was not. Rizal Province

Quezon Province is along the pacific coast going north from Bicol
Philippines was already open to international trade starting with Manila (1834), earlier than Cebu of 40 years.

Trade was once in Cebu before but it then moved to Manila. Cebu had a very large archdiocese in Cebu and
Guam was also a part of it. San Nicholas was another progressive center but the people within were not rich but
they were just many. Their church was made out of limestone. There were not much rich parishes in Cebu so it
was not attractive to friars then
Political Environment: Masgubot ang manila kaysa Cebu
The archdiocese in Manila was so congested because of the galleon or Acapulco trade and economy were there.
They were fighting over rich parishes in Manila, Cavite, etc. thats why there was more conflict in Manila.

Even during the revolution August 1896 in Manila in the 8 provinces, Cebu took a year to participate April 3,
1898 battle.

If Rizal was born in Cebu, it would have been a different story. There were not much haciendas in Cebu and
saccadas and they were very small. Hence, not much abuse with masters and farmers.
Rizals family was originally from another town but moved to Calamba. From the town of Bian which was also
from Laguna. Calamba was owned by the Dominicans but was previously Jesuit-assigned and was expelled in
the 1950s and returned later in the 19th century before Rizal was born. Dominicans run UST and all Sienna
schools in the Phils. The family of Rizal rented their land from the Dominicans. Large tract of land where they
could ... convert to raw sugar (muscubado)

Austin Craig is an example of how Americans twisted Rizals story. The people did not know that Rizal authored
the Philippine Revolution. Historical deconstruction is done in RA 1425.
University of the Philippines became the center of nationalist revival in the Philippines. They teach using
filipino in PI (Philippine Institution) 100