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Capitolul 3
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Celul meristematic
parenchim
colenchim
sclerenchim
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nervura frunzei
Meristem apical
Fascicul conductor
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Tabelul 3
Diferenele nregistrate asupra circumferinei cambiului i
numrului de celule iniiale n tulpina de Pinus strobus la 1 an i dup
60 de ani (prelucrat dup Bailey, 1923)
Vrsta
1 an 60 ani
Raza fasciculelor 2 mm 200 mm
Diametrul cambiului 12,56 mm 1250mm
Lungimea fusiformelor iniiale 870 m 4000 m
Numrul de fusiforme iniiale n
seciune transversal prin tulpin 724 23.100
Numrul razelor iniiale n
seciune transversal prin tuplin 70 8796
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.
Fig. 3.3. Celule parenchimatice de depozitare
cu granule de amidon
(http://www.mun.ca/biology/singleton/Topic%252011/kStructure
%26GrowthofFloweringPlants.htm&h..)
Parenchimurile acvifere.
n afara componentelor biochimice organice deja menionate,
celulele parenchimatice de depozitare au capacitatea de a acumula i
stoca cantiti importante de ap. Acest lucru are loc cu precdere la
plantele cu organe suculente precum; Crassula sp., Cactus sp., Aloe
sp., Agave sp. i Aizoaceae (fam. Mesembriantemum).
Sub acest aspect, unele organe ale speciilor de plante originare
din zona temperat, pot de asemenea acumula i stoca cantiti
importante de ap, comparativ cu altele. Spre exemplu, se acumuleaz
cantiti mari de ap n fructele suculente, bulbi, muguri i organele
suculente subterane (rizomi, tuberculi, etc.). Capacitatea de a stoca
ap a vacuolelor este direct dependent de molaritatea sucului
vacuolar denumit osmolaritate. Este cunoscut faptul c sistemul
vacuolar al celulelor parenchimatice reprezint depozite de acumulare
a unor ioni minerali i compui organici solubili cu nsuiri osmotic
active. Concentraia ridicat pe care o realizeaz sucul vacuolar, prin
prezena compuilor deja amintii, faciliteaz absorbia apei prin
endosmoz i stocarea acesteia n vacuole.
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a. b. c. d.
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reduse, dup nc una sau dou diviziuni repetate vor forma celulele
anexe. Astfel, lng fiecare celul a vaselor ciuruite vor exista dou
pn la patru celule anexe.
floem
plac ciuruit
celul anex
plasmodesme
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sclerenchim
colenchim
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celule anexe
mr
cartof
Celule stomatice
porumb
osteola
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A B
C D
F
E
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a b
Granul de
polen
Gametofit
femel
Cavitatea
ovarian
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http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/plant_biology/celltypes.
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