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You probably don't realize

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that right now, you're actually
looking at something quite rare.

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Because I am a millennial
computer scientist book author

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standing on a TEDx stage,

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and yet, I've never had
a social media account.

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How this happened
was actually somewhat random.

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Social media first came onto my radar
when I was at college,

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my sophomore year of college,

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this is when Facebook
arrived at our campus.

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And at the time, which was
right after the first dotcom bust,

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I had had a dorm room business,
I'd had to shut it down in the bust,

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and then, suddenly, this other kid
from Harvard, named Mark,

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had this product called Facebook
and people being excited about it.

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So in sort of a fit of somewhat
immature professional jealousy,

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I said, "I'm not going to use this thing.

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I won't help this kid's business;
whatever's going to amount to."

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As I go along my life,
I look up not long later,

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and I see everyone I know
is hooked on this thing.

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And from the clarity you can get

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when you have some objectivity,
some perspective on it,

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I realized this seems
a little bit dangerous.

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So I never signed up.

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I've never had
a social media account since.

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So I'm here for two reasons;
I want to deliver two messages.

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The first message I want to deliver
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is that even though I've never had
a social media account,

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I'm OK, you don't have to worry.

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It turns out I still have friends,

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I still know what's going on in the world;

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as a computer scientist

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I still collaborate with people
all around the world,

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I'm still regularly exposed
serendipitously to interesting ideas,

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and I rarely describe myself
as lacking entertainment options.

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So I've been OK,
but I'd go even farther and say

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not only I am OK without social media
but I think I'm actually better off.

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I think I'm happier, I think I find
more sustainability in my life,

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and I think I've been
more successful professionally

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because I don't use social media.
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So my second goal here on stage

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is try to convince more of you
to believe the same thing.

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Let's see if I could actually
convince more of you

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that you too would be better off
if you quit social media.

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So, if the theme of this TEDx event
is "Future Tense,"

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I guess, in other words,
this would be my vision of the future,

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would be one in which fewer people
actually use social media.

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That's a big claim,
I think I need to back it up.

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So I thought, what I would do

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is take the three most
common objections I hear

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when I suggest to people
that they quit social media,

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and then for each of these objections,
I'll try to defuse the hype
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and see if I can actually
push in some more reality.

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This is the first
most common objection I hear.

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That's not a hermit,

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that's actually a hipster web developer
down from 8th Street; I'm not sure.

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Hipster or hermit?
Sometimes it's hard to tell.

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This first objection goes as follows,

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"Cal, social media is one
of the fundamental technologies

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of the 21st century.

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To reject social media would be
an act of extreme [bloodism].

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It would be like riding to work
on a horse or using a rotary phone.

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I can't take
such a big stance in my life."

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My reaction to that objection
is I think that is nonsense.

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Social media is not
a fundamental technology.

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It leverages
some fundamental technologies,

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but it's better understood as this.

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Which is to say,
it's a source of entertainment,

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it's an entertainment product.

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The way that technologist
Jaron Lanier puts it

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is that these companies
offer you shiny treats

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in exchange for minutes of your attention
and bites of your personal data,

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which can then be packaged up and sold.

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So to say that you don't use social media
should not be a large social stance,

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it's just rejecting one form
of entertainment for others.

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There should be no more
controversial than saying,

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"I don't like newspapers,
I like to get my news from magazines,"
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or "I prefer to watch cable series,
as opposed to network television series."

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It's not a major political
or social stance

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to say you don't use this product.

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My use of the slot machine image
up here also is not accidental

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because if you look a little bit closer
at these technologies,

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it's not just that they're
a source of entertainment

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but they're a somewhat
unsavory source of entertainment.

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We now know that many
of the major social media companies

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hire individuals
called attention engineers,

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who borrow principles
from Las Vegas casino gambling,

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among other places,

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to try to make these products
as addictive as possible.
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That is the desired
use case of these products:

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is that you use it in an addictive fashion
because that maximizes the profit

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that can be extracted
from your attention and data.

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So it's not a fundamental technology,

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it's just a source of entertainment,
one among many,

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and it's somewhat unsavory
if you look a little bit closer.

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Here's the second common objection I hear

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when I suggest that people
quit social media.

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The objection goes as follows,

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"Cal, I can't quit social media

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because it is vital to my success
in the 21st century economy.

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If I do not have a well-cultivated
social media brand,

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people won't know who I am,
people won't be able to find me,

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opportunities won't come my way,

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and I will effectively
disappear from the economy."

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Again my reaction is once again:

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this objection also is nonsense.

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I recently published this book

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that draws on multiple
different strands of evidence

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to make the point that,
in a competitive 21st century economy,

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what the market values

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is the ability to produce things
that are rare and are valuable.

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If you produce something
that's rare and valuable,

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the market will value that.

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What the market dismisses,
for the most part,

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are activities that are easy to replicate
and produce a small amount of value.

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Well, social media use is the epitome

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of an easy to replicate activity
that doesn't produce a lot of value;

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it's something that any six-year-old
with a smartphone can do.

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By definition,

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the market is not going to give
a lot of value to those behaviors.

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It's instead going to reward
the deep, concentrated work required

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to build real skills and to apply
those skills to produce things

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- like a craftsman -

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that are rare and that are valuable.

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To put it another way:
if you can write an elegant algorithm,

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if you can write a legal brief
that can change a case,

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if you can write a thousand words of prose

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that's going to fixate
a reader right to the end;

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if you can look at a sea of ambiguous data

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and apply statistics,
and pull out insights

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that could transform a business strategy,

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if you can do these type of activities
which require deep work,

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that produce outcomes
that are rare and valuable,

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people will find you.

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You will be able to write your own ticket,

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and build the foundation of a meaningful
and successful professional life,

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regardless of how many
Instagram followers you have.

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This is the third comment objection I hear

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when I suggest to people
that they quit social media;

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in some sense, I think it might be
one of the most important.

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This objection goes as follows,

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"Cal, maybe I agree, maybe you're right;
it's not a fundamental technology.

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Maybe using social media is not
at the core of my professional success.

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But, you know what?

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It's harmless, I have some fun on it
- weird: Twitter's funny -

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I don't even use it that much,
I'm a first adopter,

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it's kind of interesting to try it out,

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and maybe I might miss out
something if I don't use it.

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What's the harm?"

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Again, I look back and I say:
this objection also is nonsense.

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In this case, what it misses is
what I think is a very important reality

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that we need to talk about more frankly,

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which is that social media brings with it

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multiple, well-documented,
and significant harms.

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We actually have to confront
these harms head-on

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when trying to make decisions

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about whether or not
we embrace this technology

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and let it into our lives.

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One of these harms
that we know this technology brings

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has to do with your professional success.

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I just argued before
that the ability to focus intensely,

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to produce things
that are rare and valuable,

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to hone skills the market place value on,

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that this is
what will matter in our economy.

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But right before that,

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I argued that social media tools
are designed to be addictive.
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The actual designed
desired-use case of these tools

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is that you fragment your attention
as much as possible

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throughout your waking hours;

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that's how these tools
are designed to use.

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We have a growing amount
of research which tells us

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that if you spend
large portions of your day

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in a state of fragmented attention -

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large portions of your day,
breaking up your attention,

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to take a quick glance, to just check,
- "Let me quickly look at Instagram" -

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that this can permanently reduce
your capacity for concentration.

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In other words, you could
permanently reduce your capacity

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to do exactly the type of deep effort

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that we're finding to be
more and more necessary

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in an increasingly competitive economy.

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So social media use is not harmless,

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it can actually have
a significant negative impact

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on your ability to thrive in the economy.

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I'm especially worried about this
when we look at the younger generation,

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which is the most saturated
in this technology.

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If you lose your ability
to sustain concentration,

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you're going to become less and less
relevant to this economy.

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There's also psychological harms
that are well documented

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that social media brings,
that we do need to address.

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We know from the research literature
that the more you use social media,

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the more likely you are
to feel lonely or isolated.
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We know that the constant exposure

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to your friends carefully curated,
positive portrayals of their life

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can leave you to feel inadequate,
and can increase rates of depression.

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And something I think we're going to be
hearing more about in the near future

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is that there's a fundamental mismatch

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between the way our brains are wired

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and this behavior
of exposing yourself to stimuli

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with intermittent rewards
throughout all of your waking hours.

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It's one thing to spend a couple of hours
at a slot machine in Las Vegas,

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but if you bring one with you,
and you pull that handle all day long,

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from when you wake up to when you go
to bed: we're not wired from it.

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It short-circuits the brain,

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and we're starting to find
it has actual cognitive consequences,

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one of them being this sort of
pervasive background hum of anxiety.

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The canary in the coal mine for this issue
is actually college campuses.

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If you talk to mental health experts
on college campuses, they'll tell you

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that along with the rise
of ubiquitous smartphone use

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and social media use
among the students on the campus,

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came an explosion of anxiety-related
disorders on those campuses.

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That's the canary in the coal mine.

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This type of behavior
is a mismatch for our brain wiring

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and can make you feel miserable.

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So there's real cost to social media use;

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which means when you're trying to decide,
"Should I use this or not?",

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saying it's harmless is not enough.
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You actually have to identify
a significantly positive, clear benefit

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that can outweigh these potential,
completely non-trivial harms.

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People often ask,

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"OK, but what is life like
without social media?"

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That can actually be
a little bit scary to think about.

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According to people
who went through this process,

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there can be a few difficult weeks.

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It actually is like a true detox process.

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The first two weeks can be uncomfortable:

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you feel a little bit anxious,
you feel like you're missing a limb.

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But after that, things settle down,

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and actually, life after social media
can be quite positive.

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There's two things I can report back
from the world of no social media use.
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First, it can be quite productive.

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I'm a professor at a research institution,
I've written five books,

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I rarely work past 5 pm on a weekday.

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Part of the way I'm trying
to able to pull that off

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is because it turns out,
if you treat your attention with respect,

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- so you don't fragment it;
you allow it to stay whole,

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you preserve your concentration -

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when it comes time to work

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you can do one thing after another,
and do it with intensity,

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and intensity can be traded for time.

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It's surprising how much
you can get done in a eight-hour day

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if you're able to give each thing
intense concentration after another.

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Something else I can report back
from life without social media

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is that outside of work,
things can be quite peaceful.

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I often joke I'd be very comfortable
being a 1930s farmer,

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because if you look at my leisure time,

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I read the newspaper
while the sun comes up;

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I listen to baseball on the radio;

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I honest-to-god sit in a leather chair

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and read hardcover books at night
after my kids go to bed.

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It sounds old-fashioned,
but they were onto something back then.

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It's actually a restorative, peaceful way
to actually spend your time out of work.

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You don't have
the constant hum of stimuli,

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and the background hum of anxiety
that comes along with that.

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So life without social media
is really not so bad.
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If you pull together these threads,
you see my full argument

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that not everyone, but certainly
much more people than right now,

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much more people
should not be using social media.

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That's because we can first, to summarize,

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discard with the main concerns

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that it's a fundamental
technology you have to use.

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Nonsense: it's a slot machine
in your phone.

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We can discard with this notion
that you won't get a job without it.

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Nonsense: anything a six-year-old
with a smartphone can do

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is not going to be
what the market rewards.

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And then I emphasized the point
that there's real harms with it.

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So it's not just harmless.

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You really would have to have
a significant benefit

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before you would say
this trade-off is worth it.

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Finally I noted,
that life without social media:

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there's real positives associated with it.

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So I'm hoping that when many of you
actually go through this same calculus,

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you'll at least consider
the perspective I'm making right now,

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which is: many more people
would be much better off

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if they didn't use this technology.

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Some of you might disagree,

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some of you might have scathing
but accurate critiques

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of me and my points,

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and of course, I welcome
all negative feedback.

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I just ask that you direct
your comments towards Twitter.
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Thank you.

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(Applause)