Lesson 1 Programming With Data Types and Operators PDF

07/01/2015 Modules:PrintModule
Lesson1:Programmingwithdatatypesandoperators
Objectives
Attheendofthislessonyouwillbeableto...
FortheAndroidapplication:
selectaspecificlayoutforourapplication

addanimagetothelayout

addaTextViewformwidget

addaButtonwidget
ForJavacoding:

identifythebasicguidelinesforaJavaprogram

applytheguidelinesforvariablenamesinaJavaprogram

createablockofcode

recogniseJavakeywords

usesimpletypesinJavacode

specifyliteralsforsimpletypesandforstrings

demonstratetwoormorewaystoinitialisevariables

describethescoperulesofamethod

understandtypeconversioninexpressions

applycastinginJavacode

usethearithmeticoperators

usetherelationalandlogicaloperators

usetheassignmentoperator
Purpose
Whenyouwanttobuysomethinginaforeigncountry,youtypicallyconvertthevalueoftheitemfromtheforeigncurrencytoyourowncurrencytodecideifthecostoftheitemisworthyourmoney.Thissametyp
avalueconversion.
Sometimeswhenyouareaskedtoenteryourphonenumberintoafield,youenteritwithdashesorspaces.Iftheprogramisexpectingjustnumericdata,theprogramwouldneedtoconvertthedata.
Understandingdatatypesandoperatorswillhelpyoutosolvethesetypesofscenarios.
Anotherimportantprogrammingconceptishowtousethearithmetic,logic,andrelationaloperatorseffectively.Accuratecalculations,anddeterminingthepathofprogramexecutionwhenusinglogicandrelatio
fromonecurrencytypetoanotheristobeperformedcorrectly,thearithmeticcalculationswillneedtobeimplementedinthecorrectsequenceandusingtheexactlogicorder.
Similarly,calculatingthetrajectoryofamissileinagamerequiresaccuracyandpreciselogic.Youllexaminealloftheseconceptsinthislesson.

Android:AddingWidgetstotheLayout
Android:AddingWidgetstotheLayout

OpenEclipse
Closeallotherapplicationsthatarestillopen.
CreateaNewAndroidApplicationProject.Saveitas:Lesson1.
Acceptallthedefaultoptions.
Removethe"HelloWorld!"textfromthelayout.
Activity:AddingTextViewwidgets
Fromthe[RecourseChooser]Palette,choose"FirstnameLastname"fromthe[TextFields].
Dragitontothelayout.
Inthe[Properties]add"text"tobedisplayedonthelayout:"Enterfirstname"
NoticetheIdforthetextfield:editText1
Repeatthisandaddasecondfield.Add"text"tobedisplayedas"Enterthesecondname"
NoticetheIdforthetextfield:editText2
https://my.unisa.ac.za/portal/tool/af26fe3b1a704e149b94f45b7f9e75d6/print_module.jsf?printModuleId=258408454 1/14
Activity
AddingFormWidgets
Fromthe[RecourseChooser]Palette,choose"Button"fromthe[FormWidgets].Dragitontothelayout.
Changethe[Text]to"PressMe"
NoticetheIdforthisbutton:button1
AddingafinalTextViewwidget
AddingaTextViewwidgetwherewewilldisplayresults.
Removethetext(TextView)fromthewidget.
NoticetheIdfortheTextViewwidget:textView1
Testyourapplication:
AlwaysSaveandTesttheapplication.
Ifthereareanyerror,resolveitandtestitagain.IfyoubattlewiththeEclipsesimulator,referbacktotheslidewhereweillustratetheuseofBlueStackasanemulator.
(IpreferusingBlueStacktoEclipse'semulator)
YoucanalwayslaunchtheapplicationdirectlyfromEclipse.
YouwillfindLesson1.apkunderthebinfolder.Doubleclicktolaunchit.TheapplicationwillopenineitherEclipse'sorBlueStack's,dependingontheonethatyouhavedecidedtouse.
Programmingwithdatatypesandoperators
Programmingwithdatatypesandoperators
IntroductiontoJava
IntroductiontoJava
Objectives
IntroductiontoJava:Programmingwithdatatypesandoperators
Thusfar,wehavecreatedonescreenapplication,calledLesson1.Butyouwillagreewithmethatitisn'treallyveryfunctional.
Weneedtoaddsomeflesh(orprogramming)toit.
ForthepurposeofthislessonwearegoingtodosimpleprogrammingusingdatatypesandoperatorsinJava.
WearegoingtoinvestigateandapplythefollowinginJavacode:
discussandunderstandthedifferentprogrammingdatatypes

howtodeclarevariablesanduseliterals

therulesforchoosingvariablenames

thescopeofavariable

thedifferentarithmeticoperators

theprocesstoapplyconversions

howtoconvertdatatypes

wheretofindtheJavaAPIandMathclass

basicStringoperations

relationalandlogicoperators
Javaprogrammingtypes
JavaProgrammingTypes
InJava,datatypesareusedtodefinethekindofdatathatcanbestoredinavariable.Theyensurethatonlycorrectdataisstored.
Javademandsthatallvariableshaveadatatype.Ifweattempttostoreincorrectdata,theprogramwillnotcompile.
Generally,datatypesareeitherdeclaredorinferred.TheJavalanguageonlyallowsprogramstoexecuteiftheyadhereto
typeconstraints.Javachecksifanexpressionordatahasanincorrecttypeandflagsitasanerroratcompiletime.
Inmoreadvancedprograms,Javaalsoallowstheprogrammertodeclarevariablesusingdatatypesthatthey
themselveshavecreated.
Javahaseightprimitivedatatypesthatareusedtostoredataduringaprogram'soperation.
Primitivedatatypesareaspecialgroupofdatatypesthatdonotusethekeywordnewwheninitialized.Javacreatesthemasautomaticvariablesthatarenotreferenceswhichmakesthemsmallandsimpleva
[Themostcommonprimitivetypesusedinthiscourseareint(forintegers)anddouble(fordecimals).]
DataType Size Exampledata Datadescription

boolean 1bit true,false Storetrue/falseflags
Storeintegersfrom
byte 1byte(8bits) 12,128
127to128
char 2bytes 'A','5','#' StoreasingleUnicodecharacter
Storeintegersfrom
short 2bytes 6,14,2345
32768to32767
Storeintegersfrom
int 4bytes 6,14,2345
2147483648to2147483647
Storeintegersfrom
long 8bytes 34591111,2
9223372036854775808to9223372036854775807
Storeapositiveornegativedecimalnumberfrom
float 2bytes 3.124,.07242
1.4023x1045to3.4028x10+38
double 4bytes .0000456,3.7 Storeapositiveornegativedecimalnumberfrom
4.9406x10324to1.7977x10308
Declaringvariablesandusingliterals
Declaringvariablesandusingliterals
Thekeywordnewisnotusedwheninitializingavariableofaprimitivetype.Instead,aliteralvalueisassignedtoeach
variableuponinitialization.Aliteralcanbeanynumber,text,orotherinformationthatrepresentsavalue.
Givenbelowareexamplesofdeclaringavariableandassigningitaliteralvalue:
booleanresult=true
charcapicalD='D'
byteb=100
shorts=10000
inti=10000
longtotal=9999999
longss_num=999_99_99
doubled1=123.4
doubled2=1.234e2
floatf1=123.4f
Somenotesontheabove:
Thevaluesofd1andd2arethesame.Theinitialisationofd2showshowscientificnotationcanbeusedtosetthevalues.
Thevaluesfortotalandss_numarethesame.Theinitialisationofss_numshowshowunderscorescanbeusedtoseparatenumbersforreadability.
Casting(convertonetypetoanother)
Casting(convertonetypetoanother)
ItispossibleinJavatoconvertonedatatypetoanother,thisiscalledcasting.
Ifyoucastonetypetoanothertype,youareexplicitlyconvertingtheitemfromit'soriginaltypetothetypethatyouspecify.
Belowisanexamplewhereavariableoftypedoubleiscasttoaninteger:
doublemyDouble=123.4
intmyInt=(int)myDouble
Later,wewilllearnwhattheconsequencesofdoingthisare.
JavaSE7Binaryliterals
JavaSE7Binaryliterals
InJavaSE7andlater,binaryliteralscanbeexpressedusingthebinarysystembyaddingtheprefixes0bor0Btothenumber.
BinaryliteralsareJavaintvalues.Javabyteandshortvaluesrequireacasttopreventaprecisionlosswarning
fromthecompiler.
BinaryLiteralsareusedforcalculations,comparisons,andlowlevelprogramming,suchaswritingdevicedrivers,lowlevelgraphics,communicationsprotocolpacketassembly,anddecoding.

Usingbinaryliteralstorepresentvaluesforcomparisonsandcalculationsissubstantiallyfasterthanusingvaluesoftheactualdatatype.Modernhighperformanceprocessorsusuallyperformcalculationsonin
whyuseliterals?

Itisstilloptimaltouseliteralsforoverallpower/performancebecausetheyuselessresources.
Intheexamplebelowthebinaryvalueiscastedandstoredasabytetype.
byteaByte=(byte)0b00100001
Ruleswhenchoosingavariablename
Rulesforvariablenames
BeforewegobacktoourAndroidapplicationandtestourcode,weneedtoknowalittlebitmoreaboutvariablenames.

Youmustfollowthefollowingruleswhenchoosingthenameforavariable:
DonotuseaJavakeywordorreservedword.

Donotuseaspaceinthevariablename.

Useacombinationoflettersandnumbers.

Youmayuseonlyacombinationoflettersoracombinationoflettersandnumbers.

Neverstartwithanumber.

Theonlysymbolsallowedaretheunderscore(_)andthedollarsign($).
Conventionsforvariablenames:
Whileconventionsarenotrules,mostJavaprogrammersfollowtheseconventions:

Neverusethe$symbolinavariablename.

Usefullwordsinsteadofcrypticabbreviations.

Donotusesinglelettervariables.Ifallofyourvariablesaresingleletters,itwillaffectthereadabilityofyourcode.
Ifyourvariablenameconsistsofoneword,spellthatwordinalllowercaseletters.

Ifyourvariablenameconsistsofmorethanoneword,usealllowercaseforthefirstword,thencapitalizethefirstletterofeachsubsequentword(thisiscalledlowerCamelCase).

Ifyourvariableisaconstant,useallcapitallettersandseparatewordswiththeunderscore.

Usenamesthatexpressthepurposeofthevariable.
Forexample:intPI=3.14159
PIisagoodchoicefornamingthisnumberbecauseitallowsyoutorecallwhatthevariableis.
IncludingvariablesinAndroid
IncludingvariablesinAndroid
Eclipse2
StartEclipse
Wearenowreadytogobacktoourprogrammingenvironmentandimplementwhatwe'velearnedthusfar.
OpentheapplicationLesson1.
Opentheapplication.Thelayoutofyourapplicationshouldbevisible(activity_main.xml)
Ifnot,activateit.
TheOutlineshouldbevisible.
Activity
UpdatingthetextView1field'snametosomethingmoreappropriate
Whenwe'vecreatedthefieldsonthelayoutofourapplication,we'veacceptedthegenericnames.Nowthatweknowaboutvaraiablenames,weshouldusemoreappropriatefieldnames.Wecannowchange
AltertheId'sforbutton1andtextView1tobtnPressandtxtShow.
Whenyouarerequestedtoupdatereferences,selectYesandaccepttherestofthedefaultoptions.
Youcantickthe"Donotshowagain"forfuturereferences.
ThefieldnamesinOutlinewillnowlooksomethingsimilarto:
The"type"ofwidgetisindicatednexttoeachvariable,examplebtnPressisoftypeButtonandtxtShowisoftypeTextView.
Thisisimportanttoknowwhenwestartaddressingthedifferentwidgetsinourcode
Displaysomething...
Atthisstagewearereadytodisplaysomethinginourapplication.
InLesson1,clickonsrc.Thencom.example.lesson1>doubleclickonMainActivity.java.
Thisisweretheactualcodinggoes.Seethescreendumpbelow.
Thisiswherewearegoingtoenterthecodeforourapplication.
Forthisexamplewearegoingtodeclareanumberofintanddoublevariables,dosomecalculationsanddisplaytheanswerintxtShowfield.
Intheindicatedarea,justbelowsetContentView(R.layout.activity_main)enterthefollowingcode:
@Override
protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
//thisiswheremycodingwillgo
//myvariables
inttest1=20
inttest2=40
doubletest3=50.3
doubletest4=45.5
inttotal1,finalTotal
doubletotal2
total1=(test1+test2)/2//determinetheaverageoftest1andtest2
total2=(test3+test4)/2//determinetheaverageoftest3andtest4
finalTotal=total1+(int)total2
}
Wearenotyetdisplayingtheresults,butitisALWAYSagoodideatofirstcomplilethecodebeforecontinuingwithmorecode.Compileandrunitandifthereareerrors,fixit.
ErrorinJavaisindicatedwithalittleyellowbulbandaredcross,nexttothelineofcodewheretheerroris.
Somenotesonaddingcomments
Somenotesonaddingcomments
TherearemorethanonewaytoaddcommentsinourJavacode.Themostpopularwaysare:
//Mycomments.Thecompilerignoreseverythingtotheendoftheline
/*Mycomments.WhenIamaddingcommentsthat
aredisplayedovermorethanonerow.
Thecompilerignoreseverythinguntilitreaches*/
/**Thisisaadocumentationcomment.
*Theauthorofthisis@PeterSeopa
*andisprocessedbyJavadoctools
*togenerateJavadocumentation
*/
SomenotesonthesyntaxofJavacode
SomenotesonthesyntaxofJavacoding
InJavaablockofcodeisplacedbetweencurlybrackets{}.
Itisalwaysagoodideatoaddsomecommentstoyourblockofcode.Thiswillhelpyou(andotherprogrammers)toreadyourcodeeasily.
EachstatementinJavaendswithasemicolon:
Displayingtheresultinatextfield
Displayingtheresultinatextfield
Whenyouaresatisfiedthattherearenoerrorsinthecode,thenproceedwiththefollowingcode.Inthiscodewearegoingtodisplaytheanswer(finalTotal)intextViewfieldtxtShow
Followthenextstepsverycarefully...(enterthecodeafteryourlastcodethatyou'veentered).

//displayfinalTotalintheapplication
//linktxtShowtoavariableshow
finalTextViewshow=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtShow)
NoticethatwhenyoustartwiththeR.idthatalistofvaluesaredisplayedtohelpyoutochoosefrom.SelecttxtShow.
YouwillalsonoticethatTextViewisunderlinedinredandthatJavadisplaysanerrormessagenexttoit.ThisisbecausewehavenotyetimportedtheTextViewwidgetclass.Luckyforus,Ec
Movethecursorofyourmouseto"hover"overTextView.Amenuwillappear.SelectfromthismenuImport'TextView'(android.widget).
Whatwe'vedoneistocreateanewinstanceoftheclassTextViewandwecallitshow.(Youmaynotrecognisealltheterminologyatthisstage,butyouwillaswecontinuewiththecourse.)
Theinstanceshowhasanumberofmethods(oractions)thatitcanperform.Tofindoutwhatthesemethodsare,typein:show.
Theinstancethatyou'vetypedinthedot(.)alistofmethodsappear.ScrolldownuntilyoufindsetText(Charsequencetext):v
Thefollowingwillnowappearinyourcode:show.setText(text)
Weneedtoexchangethe(text)partwithwhatwewouldliketobedisplayed.InthisinstancefinalTotal.
Unfortunatelythetypesdiffer.show.setText(text)expectsatextvalueandfinalTotalisoftypeint.
But,wecanconverttheinttoString.Wehaven'tasyetdiscussedStrings(text)inJava,butatthisstage,replacetextwiththefollowingcodethatwillconverttheintvalueto
show.setText(String.valueOf(finalTotal))
Compileyourapplication.Fixanyerrors.Runit.
Activatingthebutton
Activatingthebutton
Youshouldnowbewonderingwhattodowiththeotherthreewidgets,editText1,editText2andbtnPress.
Wellletsaddsomecodingtothebutton.InthiscodingwewillthendisplaythefirstnameandsecondnamethattheuserentersinthetxtShowfieldafterthebuttonispressed.
Forthisweneedtocreateablockofcodeforthebutton.
Afteryourlastlineofcode,typeinthefollowingandresolvethewidgets,asinthepreviousinstance,byhoveringthemouseontheunderlineredline.Import'Button'(android.widget)
Buttonbut1=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnPress)
WehavenowcreatedanewinstanceoftheclassButtonandhavecalledtheinstancebut1.
but1hasanumberofmethodsthatitcanaccessanduse.
Wearegoingtodothesameasinthepreviousinstance,butthereisatwisttothis.Followmystepsverycarefully....
Typeinbut1.setOnClickListener(l)
Changethecodewiththefollowingcode(youcancopyandpastemycodefromhere):

but1.setOnClickListener(newOnClickListener(){
publicvoidonClick(Viewv){
//Thisiswhereyourcodewillgo

}//endofonClick
})
Resolvetheunderlinedissues(View)and(OnClickListener)byhoveringthemousepointerandimportingtherelevantclasses.
Itmaybeagoodideatocopytheabovecodesomewherewhereyoucangetholdofitagain.Whenyoucreateanewbutton,thenjustreplacethenameofthebutton(inthiscasebut1
Nowaddcodingwhereitisindicated//Thisiswhereyourcodewillgo
JustaswiththefinalTotal,declarenewinstancesforeachoftheTextViews,editText1andeditText2.
Thereafter,usetheinstanceshowoftxtShowtodisplaythefirstname(editText1)andsecondname(editText2).
Notethatyoudon'tneedtoconvertanything,sincetheinputvalueswillbeintext(String)format.
//Thisiswhereyourcodewillgo

finalEditTextname1=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1)
Stringn1=name1.getText().toString()//gettingtheinfofromthescreen

finalEditTextname2=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2)
Stringn2=name2.getText().toString()

show.setText(n1+""+n2)

}//endofonClick
Compile,fixanyerrorsandrunyourcode.
Notice,thatasyouopentheapplication,thevalueoffinalTotalwillbedisplayed,butwhenyoupressthebutton,theinformationinthetoptwofieldswillbedisplayed.

IfyoureallystrugglethenyoucandownloadthecodefromAdditionalResources:SnippetsofCodingtheMainActivity.javafileforLesson1.
But,youMUSTtryanddothecodingyourself.ThatistheONLYwayinwhichyouwilllearn.
Podcast
Buttons_TextView_EditView
Downloadandwatchtheabovepodcastshouldyouneedmoreguidance.
Scopeofavariable
Scopeofavariable
Scopeisusedtodescribetheblockofcodewhereavariableexistsinaprogram.Itispossibleformultiple
variableswiththesamenametoexistinaJavaProgram.

Inmostcasestheinnermostvariablehasprecedence.
Avariableexistsonlyinsidethecodeblockinwhichitisdeclared.Oncethefinalbraceoftheblockisreachedthevariablegoesoutofscopeandisnolongerrecognizedasadeclaredvariable.
Thescopeisdeterminedbyabeginandanendcurlybracket.{}

TheEclipseenvironmenthelpsusinunderstandingthescopeofvariablesbetter.
GobacktoMainActivity.java.
Clickonthe(minus)nexttoeachblockofcoding,untilonlythefollowingisvisible.


Clickonthe+(plus)signnexttoprotectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState).
Theblock(scope)ofcodethatarebetween{}arenowvisible.
Noticethatthereisaseperateblock(scope)ofcodeforButtonbut1.Alsonotethatthereisa+(plus)nexttoit.Indicatingthatthisisaseperateblockofcodeandthevariablesintheouterb
block.
Totestit....
Clickonthe+(plus)todeflatetheblockofcodeforbut1.
Anywhereinthisblock,typeinthefollowingcode:finalTotal=finalTotal*10

YouwillnoticethatfinalTotalisunderlinedinred,indicatedthatthereisasyntaxerror.ThisisbecausethevariablefinalTotalwasdeclaredintheouterblockofcode,butitisNOTvisible
Eachvariableisboundtoitsscope.
Wewilllearnlateronhowtosolvethisbydefiningclassesandprocedures/functions.

Arithmeticoperators
Arithmeticoperators
Javahasseveralarithmeticoperatorstoperformmathematicaloperations,andunaryoperatorstoperformoperationssuchasincrementinganddecrementingavaluebyone.
Belowisalistoftheseoperators

Symbol Operatordescription
+ Addition
Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division(findsthequotient)
% Modular(findstheremainder)
++ Increment(addone)
Decrement(subtractsone)
ArithmeticOperatorsPrecedence
ArithmeticOperatorsPrecedence
Allmathexpressionsareevaluatedaccordingtothefollowingtheorderofprecedence:
Expressionsinparenthesisarehandledfirst.
Allmultiplication,division,andmodularoperationsarehandlednext,workingfromlefttoright.
Finally,alladditionandsubtractionarehandled,workingfromlefttoright.
IncrementsandDecrements
Incrementsanddecrementsarehandledfirstforpreincrementnotationandlastforpostincrementnotation.
Preincrementnotation:++x
Postincrementnotation:x++
Examples:
Preincrementnotation:
intx=3
++x//xisequalto4
z=++x//xisequalto5,THENzisequalto5
Postincrementnotation:
intx=3
x++//xisequalto4
z=x++//zisequalto4,THENxisequalto5
AssignmentOperator
Javausesthe=(equalsign)astheassignmentoperator.
Theevaluationoftheexpressionontherightisassignedtothememorylocationontheleft.

intx=4,y=5,z=10,total=12
total=x+y*z
Whenthislineofcodeisexecuted,thevaluefortotalhaschanged.
Theblueboxesshowwhatisineachmemorylocationofx,y,z,andtotal.
Nowthememorylocationtotalisassignedthevalueof4+5*10,whichis54.
Youcanthinkoftheassignmentoperatorlikeanarrowpointingtotheleft.Everythingontherightwillgointothe
memorylocationontheleft.Howwillmemorychangewhenthislineisexecuted?
x=totalx+y*(zx)
Let'scompleteitbyfillinginthevalues:
x=544+5*(104)
x=544+5*(6)//brackets(parenthesis)arecalculatedfirst
x=544+30//multiplicationiscalculatednext
x=50+30//restofcalculationishandledfromlefttoright
x=80
Truncation
Truncation
Whatwillbethevalueoftotalwhenthecodebelowisexecuted?
intx=4,y=5,z=10,total=12
total=z/(4*5)

Thecorrectansweris0.Whydoesn't0.5display?

Sincetotalisaninteger,thesystemwillstoreanintegervalueastheresultofthecalculation.
Thedecimalportionoftheansweristruncatedratherthanroundedtoproducethefinalintegeranswerof0.

Truncationistheconceptofalwaysroundingthenumberdowntothenearestintegerlessthanthevalue.
Forexample,7.8wouldtruncateto7.
BeingawareoftruncationwillhelpasyoutakeaclassicmathematicalformulaandconvertittoJavacode.
Forexample,hereisaformulaforthevolumeofaconefromGeometry.

Aprogrammermightwritethefollowingtocreateaprogramtocalculatethevolume:
doubleheight=4,radius=10,volume
volume=1/3*3.14*radius*radius*height

Unfortunately,theJavaprogramwillincorrectlycalculatetheansweras0.
Workingfromlefttoright,theprogramdivides1by3.
Javaconsiders1and3tobeliteralintegersanddoesintegerdivisionwhere.33...istruncatedto0.
Howwouldyoucorrectthis?
Thereareafewwaystoforceaformulatonottruncateavalue.

1.Movethefractiontotheend.ThiswayJavawillalwaysbeusingadoubleandanintegerandwillimplicitlyconverttheanswertoadoubleandnottruncate.
doublevolume=3.14*radius*radius*height*1/3
2.Makeoneoftheliteralintegersintoaliteraldouble.ThiswayJavawillalwaysbeusingadoubleandan
integerandwillimplicitlyconverttheanswertoadoubleandnottruncate.

doublevolume=1/3.0*3.14*radius*radius*height

TheJavaAPI
TheJavaAPI
ManymathexerciseswillrequiretheuseofthemethodsintheJavaMathandStringclasses.
YoucanfindadescriptionofallJavamethodsintheonlineJavaAPI.
UnderstandinghowtonavigatethisvastlibraryofstandardmethodsandclasseswillaidyouinwritingJavaprograms andreusingmanycodeblocksthathavealreadybeencreatedbyothers.

WhyusetheAPI?
OnemajorbenefittohaveaccesstotheJavaAPIisacommonconceptforprogrammerscalledcodereuse.
Ratherthancodingexcessitems,youmayusetheAPItofindhowtoaccessexistingcodethatdoesexactlywhatyouwant.
Thiswillreducespendingtimeonreproducingalreadyexistingcodeandmakeyourprogrammingmuchmoreefficient.
Usingasearchengine,searchforkeywordsJavaAPI.
Therearemanyeditions.ReviewtheStandardEditionforJava7:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/
ExaminetheMathclassandseeifyoucanfindavalueforpiandamethodforcomputingthesquarerootofanumber.Therearealsoveryhandymethodssuchasrandom,min,max
Youdon'tneedtorememberallofthem,buttherearesomemethodsthatareusedoftenandyoushouldknowthembyheart.
Android:Volumeapp
Android:Volumeapp
Activity
WearenowreadytocreateanewapplicationinAndroidwherewecantestyournewskillsandknowledge.
Wearegoingtocreateanapplicationwiththefollowingspecifications(specs):
1)Androidapplication
2)Onescreen
3)Purpose:Tocalculatethevolumeofabox
5)Layout:
Onefieldtoaskthenameoftheuser
Threeinputfieldsforheight,depth,length.(Thevaluescanbeenteredasdecimals,e.g.4.25)
Onebuttonthatwilldothecalculations
Onedisplayfield
Trytocodeitandifyougetstuckviewanexampleofthecode:MainActivity_volume.javainAdditionalResources.
ButyouMUSTtryanddoitonyourown,otherwiseyouarenevergoingtomasterit!!!
Activity
TestourknowledgeinAndroidSpinapp
Forthisexamplewearegoingtocreateanapplicationwiththefollowingspecifications(specs):
1)Androidapplication
2)Onescreen
3)Purpose:Theuserwillenteranyintegernumberandtheappwillgenerateanumberbetween0andtheusernumber.
5)Layout:
Onefieldtorequesttheuserforanumber
Onebuttonthatwillgeneratearandomnumber
Onedisplayfieldforthegeneratedrandomnumber
Trytocodeityourselfandifyougetstuckviewanexampleofthecode:MainActivity_spin.javainAdditionalResources.
ButyouMUSTtryanddoitonyourown,otherwiseyouarenevergoingtomasterit!!!
String(introduction)
String(introduction)
Whilewewerecodingtheapplications,we'vecomeaccrossanumberofinstanceswherewe'veusedStrings.ThereareanumberofmanipulationsthatyoucandowithStrings.
StringisNOTaprimitivetype,butaclass.

Stringscanberepresentedwiththechartype

TheStringtypecanrepresentmultiplecharacters

Stringscanbecombinedwiththe+sign

Stringsshouldalwaysbeinitializedusing=

RefertoJavaAPIforStringmethods.
TheStringclassisimmutable,sothatonceitiscreatedaStringobjectcannotbechanged.TheStringclasshasanumberofmethods,someofwhichwillbediscussedbelow,thatappeartom
Sincestringsareimmutable,whatthesemethodsreallydoiscreateandreturnanewstringthatcontainstheresultoftheoperation.
Stringmethods
Methodsthatareusedtoobtainbutdonotchangeanyinformationaboutanobjectareknownasaccessormethods.
Belowareanumberoftheseaccessormethods.
Assumethatthefollowingisdeclared:
StringmyString="JavaProgramming"
StringthatString="isfun"

accessormethod description example
intlength() Returnsthelengthofthestring intlen=myString.length()
booleanmatches() Determineswhetherstringsmatch.Returnstrueorfalse. booleanmatch=myString.matches(thatString)
booleanisEmpty() Determineswhetherstringisempty.Returnstrueorfalse booleanisEmpty=myString.isEmpty()
myString=myString.replace('o','0')
Stringreplace(oldChar,newChar) ReturnsanewstrtingresultingfromreplacingoccurencesofoldCharwithnewChar

StringtoLowerCase() Convertsallthecharacterstolowercase myString=myString.toLowerCase()
StringtoUpperCase() Convertsallthecharacterstouppercase myString=myString.toUpperCase()
Stringconcat() Concatenates(puttogether)twoormoreStrings. myString=myString.concat("").concat(thatString)
WewillbelookingatStringsinmoredetailinalaterlesson.
Logicoperators
Logicoperators
Whenyouareworkingwithnumbers(primitivetypes)youwilloftenneedtocomparevaluesusinglogicaloperators.
Javahasthreelogicoperatorsthatcanbeusedtocombinebooleanexpressionsforcomplexexpressions.Theyare:
Logicoperator Meaning
&& AND
|| OR
! NOT
Wewillbeusingtheselogicoperatorsduringthecourse.
Reflection
Reflection
Blogger
Nowitisyourturn...
Inthebloggeraddablogentry.LabelitLesson1.Inthisblog,enterashortsummaryforyourselfofeverythingthatwe'velearned.Specificallythosecomponentsthatyou'vebattledwithandhow
Remembertokeepnotesandupdatesinyourlittleblackbook.

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DataType Size Exampledata Datadescription

char 2bytes 'A','5','#' StoreasingleUnicodecharacter

booleanmatches() Determineswhetherstringsmatch.Returnstrueorfalse. booleanmatch=myString.matches(thatString)

booleanisEmpty() Determineswhetherstringisempty.Returnstrueorfalse booleanisEmpty=myString.isEmpty()

StringtoLowerCase() Convertsallthecharacterstolowercase myString=myString.toLowerCase()

StringtoUpperCase() Convertsallthecharacterstouppercase myString=myString.toUpperCase()

Stringconcat() Concatenates(puttogether)twoormoreStrings. myString=myString.concat("").concat(thatString)

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