CASADEI et al.
: MATRIX CONVERTER MODULATION STRATEGIES
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3. (a) Direction of the output line-to-neutral voltage vectors generated
by the active configurations. (b) Directions of the input line current vectors
generated by the active configurations.
Among the 27 possible switching configurations available
in three-phase matrix converters, only 21 can be usefully em-
ployed in the SVM algorithm and can be represented as shown
in Table I.
The first 18 switching configurations determine an output
voltage vector and an input current vector , having fixed
directions, as represented in Fig. 3(a) and (b), and will be
named active configurations. The magnitude of these vectors
depends upon the instantaneous values of the input line-to-line
voltages and output line currents, respectively.
The last three switching configurations determine zero input
current and output voltage vectors and will be named zero con-
figurations.
The remaining six switching configurations have each output
phase connected to a different input phase. In this case, the
output voltage and input current vectors have variable directions
and cannot be usefully used to synthesize the reference vectors.
A. SVM Technique
The SVM algorithm for matrix converters presented in this
section has the inherent capability to achieve the full control
of both the output voltage vector and the instantaneous input
current displacement angle [7][10].
At any sampling instant, the output voltage vector and
the input current displacement angle are known as reference
quantities [Fig. 4(a) and (b)]. The input line-to-neutral voltage
vector is imposed by the source voltages and is known by
measurements. Then, the control of can be achieved control-
ling the phase angle of the input current vector.
373
(a)
(b)
Fig. 4. (a) Output voltage vectors modulation principle. (b) Input current
vectors modulation principle.
In principle, the SVM algorithm is based on the selection of
four active configurations that are applied for suitable time in-
tervals within each cycle period . The zero configurations are
applied to complete .
In order to explain the modulation algorithm, reference will
be made to Fig. 4(a) and (b), where and are assumed to
be both lying in sector 1, without missing the generality of the
analysis.
The reference voltage vector is resolved into the compo-
nents and along the two adjacent vector directions. The
component can be synthesized using two voltage vectors having
the same direction of . Among the six possible switching con-
figurations ( 7, 8, 9), the ones that allow also the modula-
tion of the input current direction must be selected. It is veri-
fied that this constraint allows the elimination of two switching
configurations ( 8 and 8 in this case). Among the remaining
four, we assume the application of the positive switching config-
urations ( 7 and 9). The meaning of this assumption will be
discussed later in this section. With similar considerations, the
switching configurations required to synthesize the compo-
nent can be selected ( 1 and 3).
Using the same procedure, it is possible to determine the four
switching configurations related to any possible combination of
output voltage and input current sectors, leading to the results
summarized in Table II.
Four symbols (I, II, III, IV) are also introduced in the last row
of Table II to identify the four general switching configurations,
valid for any combination of input and output sectors.
Now it is possible to write, in a general form, the four basic
equations of the SVM algorithm, which satisfy, at the same time,