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CastingRejections
QualityConformance
DefectClassification
DefectCharacterization
Distortion/Warp Inclusions
Scabbing
ExcessFlash DefectivePPM By Location IDEAL PROBLEM
OtherDefects (partspermillion) External Low
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 Internal Early DiscoveryStage Late
ConformanceCriteria ImproperClosure
Geometry Integrity Property Acrosspartingplane:
flash
Tooling Material
Alongpartingline:
CavityCreation Melt,Pouring Solidification mismatch
FLASH
Dimensions Flash Unfilling Shrinkage Segregation
Shape Mismatch Blowhole Hottear Hardspots
Features Scab Gasporosity Distortion Strength
Inclusions Swell
MISMATCH
[AtlasofCastingDefects,
InstituteofBritishFoundrymen]
(c)B.Ravi,IITBombay 1
CastingDesignandSimulation 2012
POROSITY
CORNER
[AtlasofCastingDefects,
COLDSHUT MISRUN INCLUSION BLOWHOLE GASPOROSITY InstituteofBritishFoundrymen]
SHRINKAGE
TYPE Integrity
HinderedCoolingContraction: Hottear,coldcrack,
Appearance Shapeirregularity
distortion,swell DefectSize Medium tolarge
Location External, surface
Consistency Samelocation (parting)
Discoveryat shakeout
Inspection Visual
Metacause Root cause
Incorrect patternplates Manufacturingmisalignment
Improper molding Mold rammingandclosure
Moldmisalignment Moldpinsdeformed
(c)B.Ravi,IITBombay 2
CastingDesignandSimulation 2012
Metalcastinginvolveshighlevelofrejections(percent) Connectdefectswithcommonmetacausesandrootcauses:
duetolargenumberofvariablesandinterrelationship
Rejectionsrepresentlossofmaterial,energy,productivity Defect Metacause Rootcause
Longtermimpactonemployeemoraleandcustomerbase
Distortion Highstresses Rigidmold
Castingdefectsrelatedtogeometry,integrity,properties
Shrinkage Hightemperature Highpouring
Causedduringmold making,metalfilling,solidification
Porosity gradients temperature
Characterization:identification,metacauses,rootcauses
HotTear Lowtemperature Rapidcooling
gradients
(c)B.Ravi,IITBombay 3