12-Dec-17

UNIT:11
Introduction to Surveying

Prepared by: Pinal Patel

1
 12-Dec-17

TOPICS TO BE COVERED
11.1 Definition of Surveying
11.2
Objects of Surveying,
Uses of Surveying
11.3
Primary Divisions of Surveying
Principles of Surveying
11.4
List of Classification of Surveying
Definitions : Plan and Map, Scales :Plain Scale and Diagonal Scale,
Conventional Symbols
11.5
Introduction to linear and angular measurements,
Concepts of land profiling

2
 12-Dec-17

DEFINITION OF SURVEYING
Surveying is the art of determining
the relative positions of different
objects on the surface of the earth
by measuring the horizontal
distances between them.

Leveling is the art of determining

the relative vertical distances of
different points on the surface of
the earth.

Thus, in surveying, measurements taken in

Horizontal and Vertical planes

3
 12-Dec-17

SURVEYING
A plan or map represents the horizontal projection of
an area surveyed. If the scale is small this
representation is called a map , while if the scale is
large it is called a plan.
Vertical distances are correctly shown by drawing
vertical sections (or simply sections).
Surveying is the first step for the execution of any
project and the success of any engineering project
depends upon the accurate and complete survey
work.

4
 12-Dec-17

OBJECTS OF SURVEYING

To Prepare a map or To layout or mark the

To establish the
plan to show the positions of the
boundaries of the
relative position of structure on the
land/ districts, states
the objects on the ground eg. Building,
& countries .
surface of the earth. canal, road etc.