RESUME JURNAL

Judul Penelitian:

Adsorption of Ammonium by Dierent Natural Clay Minerals: Characterization, Kinetics and

Adsorption Isotherms

Peneliti:

Aref Alshameri , Hongping He, Jianxi Zhu, Yunfei Xi, Runliang Zhu, Lingya Ma, Qi Tao

Sumber:

ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.007

Tujuan Penelitian:

The objective of this research is to evaluate the adsorption behaviors of NH4+ onto six
NCM under identical experimental conditions. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms,
eects of pH, adsorbents dosage and comparison of adsorption behavior of ammonium ion onto
NCM were investigated. The insights obtained in this study are useful for applications of NCM in
the environmental engineering and value-added utilization of natural mineral resources.

Latar Belakang:

With the rapid development of industry, improper disposal of in-dustrial wastewater

containing huge quantities of ammonium has led to eutrophication in rivers, estuaries, lakes and
other water reservoirs. This issue poses a significant risk to the availability of safe drinking water
as well as human health . Therefore, eective removal of ammonium from industrial wastewater
prior to discharge into natural water bodies is critical for water recourses protection.

For practical applications, adsorption method seems to be one of the most favored
wastewater treatment techniques because of its environmental and economic sustainability
.Abundant natural clay minerals (NCM) are inexpensive and can be used as low-cost adsorbents
due to their unique properties as well as no toxic eects to the ecosystems. To the best of our
knowledge, no comprehensive research has been conducted to investigate and compare NCM for
NH4+ adsorption in the same study. Moreover, modification of natural minerals at a larger scale

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Metodelogi:

Analysis and Characterization Methods

The mass percentages of mineralogical composition of NCM were calculated by using a

matrix-flushing method for quan-titative multicomponent analysis. The morphologies of NCM
were investigated using SEM, operating at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV for photomicrographs
(FESEM, SU8010, Hitachi, Japan). The chemical compositions of the samples were tested by
Netherlands PANalytical PW2424 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectro-scopy. FTIR spectra were
carried out using a Bruker Vertex-70 IR spec-trophotometer (Manheim, Germany) at room
temperature. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were determined at 77 K on a Micromeritics
ASAP 2020 system (Norcross, USA) at liquid nitrogen temperature (196 C). The cation
exchange capacity (CEC) was measured by adsorption of [Co(NH3)6]3 + method. Zeta potential
was conducted by a Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK, Zetasizer Nano ZS 90.

Batch Adsorption Experiments

Adsorption kinetics experiments: The optimum time required for the NH4+ adsorption to
attain equilibrium was determined as a function of contact time in the range of 5120 min of 10
mg/L NH4+ solution at a fixed pH 7 and 25 C.

Adsorption isotherm experiments: The eect of initial NH4+ concentration on the removal
capacity of NH4+ in the batch adsorption experiment was evaluated by varying the concentrations
in the range of 101500 mg/L for 2 h.

Eect of solution pH on NH4+ adsorption: The pH eect was tested in a range of 210 pH
of 30 mg NH4+/L for 2 h. The initial pH was adjusted by 1 M HCl or NaOH solution.

Eect of NCM dosage on NH4+ adsorption: NCM dosages were varied from 0.1 to 0.5 g at
an initial ammonium concentration of 30 mg/L for 2 h. The removal eciency (%) for the six
NCM and the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) were calculated, respectively by using the
following equations:

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Hasil:

The adsorption kinetics of NH4+ by NCM indicate that the experimental data does not fit
well with the first-order kinetic model (R2 < 0.90). In contrast, the pseudo-second-order rate
equation for NH4+ adsorption onto NCM has a better fit with high R2 values . It can be speculated
that three steps are involved in adsorption kinetics.

The results indicate that the removal eciency of NH4+ increases with increasing pH from
2.0 to 7.0, thereafter, it de-creases steadily towards pH 10.0. The reason for the lower values of
NH4+ removal eciency at pH below 7 may be explained by the ne-gative charge on the surface
which declines due to the excess protons in the solution as demonstrated by the zeta potentials

The removal eciency of NH4+ ions by six NCM increases with increasing adsorbent
dosage from 0.1 g to 0.5 g. It could be seen that the removal eciency of NH4+ increases relatively
rapidly when the adsorbent dosage increases from 0.1 to 0.3 g. This eect can be attributed to an
increased number of active surface sites for the NH4+ adsorption thereby significantly enhancing
the adsorption capacity.

The equilibrium adsorption capacities as functions of the dierent initial NH4+

concentrations on the six NCM shows an increase in the adsorption capacities for all NCM with
an increase of initial ammonium concentration from 10 to 1000 mgNH4+/ L. After that, no
remarkable change in adsorption capacities can be observed. This result suggests that the increase
in the initial NH4+ concentration increases the mass transfer driving force of the NH4+ between the
aqueous solution and adsorbent phase, which leads to an increase in NH4+ adsorption capacity.

Interestingly, it was found that rapid and ecient adsorption of NH4+ could be obtained at
low ion concentrations; this indicates that NCM can be considered as a suitable adsorbent at low
ion concentra-tions of NH4+ in eutrophic waters and wastewater treatment facilities. In addition,
Ver has the highest adsorption capacity followed by Mt. This behavior could be related to the high
exchangeable cations (such as CaO and Na2O) present in Ver and Mt. relative to other NCM,
significantly contribute to the high NH4+ adsorption capacity .

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Kesimpulan:

Six types of NCM-based adsorbents for NH4+ were investigated and compared to
understand their adsorption behaviors. Batch adsorption experiments have demonstrated that the
contact time, initial NH4+ concentration, adsorbent dosage and solution pH have significant ef-
fects on NH4+ adsorption. Kinetics study has revealed that the ad-sorption process follows the
pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherms complie well with the Langmuir
isotherm equili-brium model. Among all the NCM studied, Ver and Mt have the highest

NH4+ adsorption capacities and the capacities decrease in an order of Ver > Mt > Pal > Sep
> Kaol > Hal. For all NCM studied, the maximum adsorption capacities were obtained within 30
min with a dosage of 0.3 g/25 mL at pH of 7. XRD, XRF, SEM/EDS, FTIR, SSA, CEC and Zeta
potential have revealed that the higher NH4+ adsorption ca-pacity could be primarily attributed to
the cation exchange. Additionally, negatively charged surface, water absorption process and
surface morphology could also contribute to the high adsorption ca-pacity for NH4+.The structure
and surface properties of NCM are the key factors that aecte the adsorption capacities for NH4+.
This study suggests that NCM can be considered as ideal adsorbents for NH4+ removal from natural
water owing to their low cost, high safety, and good adsorption eciency.