AP Psychology - Mr. Traugott - traugottn@friscoisd.

org

Reading Guide: Unit 3

Theme: How does the brain become conscious of the world?

Directions: Please answer the following essential questions and then define the vocabulary
terms and people to know in your notes. All reading notes are to be handwritten and can be
used on reading quizzes.

Unit 3 - Biological Bases of Behavior (8 - 10% of the AP Exam)

Essential Questions:
1. How do biological processes relate to behavior?
2. How does damage to a biological process or part affect behavior?
3. How have modern techniques of studying the brain helped our understanding of behavior and
mental processes?

Vocabulary Terms:

1. biological psychology* 27. endocrine system* 49. temporal lobes*

2. neuron* 28. hormones* 50. motor cortex*
3. dendrites* 29. adrenal glands 51. somatosensory
4. axon* 30. pituitary gland* cortex*
5. myelin sheath 31. lesion 52. association areas
6. action potential 32. electroencephalogram 53. plasticity*
7. refractory period (EEG)* 54. neurogenesis*
8. threshold* 33. CT (computed 55. corpus callosum*
9. all-or-none response tomography) scan* 56. split brain*
10. synapse* 34. PET (positron emission 57. consciousness*
11. neurotransmitters* tomography) scan* 58. cognitive
12. reuptake* 35. MRI (magnetic neuroscience*
13. endorphins* resonance imaging)* 59. dual processing*
14. agonist 36. brainstem* 60. behavior genetics*
15. antagonist 37. medulla* 61. environment*
16. nervous system* 38. thalamus* 62. chromosomes
17. central nervous 39. reticular formation 63. DNA
system* 40. cerebellum* 64. genes
18. peripheral nervous 41. limbic system 65. genome*
system* 42. amygdala* 66. identical twins
19. nerves* 43. hypothalamus* 67. fraternal twins
20. sensory (afferent) 44. cerebral cortex* 68. molecular genetics*
neurons* 45. glial cells 69. heritability*
21. motor (efferent) 46. frontal lobes* 70. interaction*
 neurons* 47. parietal lobes* 71. epigenetics*
22. interneurons* 48. occipital lobes* 72. evolutionary
23. somatic nervous psychology*
system* 73. natural selection*
24. autonomic nervous 74. mutation*
system*
25. parasympathetic
nervous system*
26. reflex*

People to Know:

1. Paul Broca
2. Carl Wernicke
3. Roger Sperry
4. Michael Gazzaniga
5. Charles Darwin
AP Psychology - Mr. Traugott - traugottn@friscoisd.org

Reading Guide: Unit 4

Theme: How does the brain become conscious of the world?

Directions: Please answer the following essential questions and then define the vocabulary
terms in your notes. All reading notes are to be handwritten and can be used on reading
quizzes.

Unit 4 - Sensation and Perception (6 - 8% of the AP Exam)

Essential Questions:
1. How do the five senses receive and translate signals to the brain for processing?
2. What are the limitations of each sense and how do these limitations affect behavior?
3. How does the brain process sensory signals accurately? Inaccurately?

Vocabulary Terms:

1. sensation* 23. pupil* 44. monocular cues*

2. perception* 24. iris* 45. phi phenomenon*
3. bottom-up processing 25. lens* 46. perceptual constancy*
4. top-down processing 26. retina* 47. color constancy*
5. selective attention* 27. accommodation* 48. perceptual
6. inattentional blindness 28. rods* adaptation*
7. change blindness* 29. cones* 49. audition
8. transduction* 30. optic nerve* 50. frequency*
9. psychophysics* 31. blind spot* 51. pitch*
10. absolute threshold* 32. fovea* 52. middle ear*
11. signal detection 33. feature detectors 53. cochlea*
theory* 34. parallel processing* 54. inner ear*
12. subliminal* 35. Young-Helmholtz 55. sensorineural hearing
13. priming* trichromatic (three- loss*
14. difference threshold color) theory* 56. conduction hearing
(just noticeable 36. opponent-process loss*
difference)* theory* 57. cochlear implant*
15. Webers Law* 37. gestalt* 58. place theory*
16. sensory adaptation* 38. figure-ground* 59. frequency theory*
17. perceptual set* 39. grouping* 60. gate-control theory*
18. extrasensory 40. depth perception* 61. kinesthesia*
perception (ESP) 41. visual cliff 62. vestibular sense
19. parapsychology* 42. binocular cues* 63. sensory interaction
20. wavelength* 43. retinal disparity 64. embodied cognition
21. hue*
22. intensity*

People to Know:

1. Gustav Fechner
2. Ernst Weber
3. David Hubel
4. Torsten Wiesel
AP Psychology - Mr. Traugott - traugottn@friscoisd.org

Reading Guide: Unit 5

Theme: How does the brain become conscious of the world?

Directions: Please answer the following essential questions and then define the vocabulary
terms and people to know in your notes. All reading notes are to be handwritten and can be
used on reading quizzes.

Unit 5 - States of Consciousness (2 - 4% of the AP Exam)

Essential Questions
1. How do psychologists define consciousness?
2. What roles do REM and NREM sleep play in behavior?
3. How does lack of sleep affect behavior?
4. How do psychoactive drugs affect behavior?

Vocabulary Terms:

1. consciousness* 14. narcolepsy* 28. barbiturates*

2. hypnosis* 15. sleep apnea* 29. opiates*
3. posthypnotic 16. night terrors* 30. stimulants*
suggestion* 17. dream* 31. amphetamines*
4. dissociation* 18. manifest content* 32. nicotine*
5. circadian rhythm* 19. latent content* 33. cocaine*
6. REM sleep* 20. REM rebound 34. methamphetamine*
7. alpha waves 21. substance use 35. Ecstasy (MDMA)*
8. sleep* disorder* 36. hallucinogens*
9. hallucination* 22. psychoactive drug* 37. LSD*
10. delta waves 23. tolerance* 38. near-death
11. NREM sleep 24. addiction* experience*
12. suprachiasmatic 25. withdrawal* 39. THC*
nucleus (SCN)* 26. depressants*
13. insomnia* 27. alcohol use disorder*

People to Know:
1. William James (in relation to this chapter)
2. Ernest Hilgard
3. Sigmund Freud (in relation to this chapter)