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Volume1,No 4,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices
Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
InfluenceofthedampingoftheseismicbaseisolationsystemLRBonthe
dynamic response oftheisolatedstructures
KAABMohamedZohar,OUNISAbdelhafid
DepartmentofCivilEngineerandHydraulic,UniversityofBiskra,BP145,Algeria
kaab.mohamed@yahoo.fr
ABSTRACT
Keywords:Seismicbaseisolation,LeadrubberbearingLRB,Damping,Dynamicresponse.
1.Introduction
Thebaseisolationsystemsconsistinputtingbetweenthefoundationsandthesuperstructure,
devices which collect the inelastic deformations and filter the accelerations of high
frequencies so that the isolated superstructure moves primarily according to a rigid mode
undergoing of weak accelerations and almost no deformations. These devices allow
uncoupling the movement of the ground from the movement of the structure in order to
dissipate the maximum of energy and reduce the seismic forces transmitted to the
superstructuretominimizethedisplacementsandtheaccelerationsofthelatterwithasimilar
effectivenessforthetwohorizontaldirectionsXandY.
To illustrate the effectof the damping of thebase isolationsystem on the responsesof the
isolatedstructures,aparametricanalysiswasmadeonanisolatedstructureof08levelsinthe
longitudinaldirectionXforanisolationsystemLRB.Thismechanismofdampingisbased
on the lead bar incorporated within elastomeric bearing with an aim of controlling the
deformationoftheisolationbearingandconsequently displacementsandaccelerationsofthe
superstructure. This system of isolationhas various percentages of effective damping from
8%to35%forthesameisolatedstructure.
2.BehavioroftheIsolationSystemLRB
Theisolation systemLRBiscomposedofalternatelayersofrubberandsteelrelatedtheones
to the others around a pure lead core, inserted into the center of these layers of steel and
rubber.Theleadcylindercontrolsthelateraldisplacementsofthestructureandabsorbspart
oftheseismicenergy.
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Volume1,No 4,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices
Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
The plastic of the lead core confers to this device an important hysteretic behavior. This
hystereticbehaviorcanberepresentedbythebilinearapproximationillustratedonthefigure1.
Theparametersofthebilinearapproximationexpressingthelawofhystereticbehaviorare
thefollowing:
Theyielddisplacement.With (01)
Thedesigndisplacementof leadrubberbearingLRB.
Energydissipatedbycyclecorrespondingtothedesigndisplacement,equaltothetotal
areaofhysteresisloop,itisgiven bythefollowingformula:
(02)
Theyieldforceinamonotonousloading.
Theforce,correspondingtonulldisplacementduringacyclicloading,representsalsothe
characteristicstrengthandtheyieldforceofleadbarfortheLRB.
(03)
ThemaximumshearforcecorrespondingtothedesigndisplacementD.
Elasticstiffnessforamonotonousloading,alsoequalstothestiffnessofunloadingin
cyclicloading.With (04)
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INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFCIVILANDSTRUCTURALENGINEERING
Volume1,No 4,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices
Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
Thepostelasticstiffness.With (05)
: TheeffectivestiffnessoftheLRB,itisgivenbythefollowingformula:
:Theeffectivedampingfactoroftheseismicbaseisolationsystem,itisexpressedas
follows:
3.Descriptionoftheisolatedstructureandtheseismicexcitation
Thestructureusedintheparametricstudyisanisolatedbuildingmadeofreinforcedconcrete
thathasrectangularforminplan1224mincludingfourspansinthelongitudinaldirection
andtwospansinthetransversedirectionwithalengthof6mforeachone.Theheightofa
floorisof3m,thebeamsareofsection3060cmandthecolumnsareofsection5050cm
withfullslabsof18cmofthickness,asitisrepresentedinthefigures2and3.
Tocomparetheinfluenceofdampingonthedynamicresponseoftheisolatedstructureswith
the various percentages of effective damping and under various seismic excitations, an
analysisoftheresponsesby accelerogramsiscarriedoutandtheconsideredseismicloadings
arethefollowing:
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Volume1,No 4,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices
Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
With PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) of 0.436 g, 0.287 g, 0.442 g and of 0.604 g
respectively. The accelerograms of these excitations are represented respectively on the
figures 4,5,6and 7.
Figure 4:AccelerogramofthecomponentofElCentrooftheearthquakeofImperialValley
(1979).
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Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
4.1Displacements
Accordingtotheresultsofabsolutedisplacementswhicharerepresentedgraphicallybythe
figures8and9,wenoticethatunderalltheseismic loadingsusedinthisparametricstudy,
thedisplacementsofthesuperstructureoroftheseismicisolationsystemaredecreasedwith
the increase intheeffectivedampingduetothepresenceofleadbarsLRBwhichresistthe
shearstrains.Thisshowstheinfluenceofthedampingoftheseismicisolationsystemwhich
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Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
reduces the displacements in the superstructure and the displacements at the basis for an
isolatedstructure.
Figure8: Absolutemaximumdisplacementsofthe8thlevelwiththedifferentpercentagesof
effectivedamping.
Figure9: Absolutemaximumdisplacementsofthebasewiththedifferentpercentagesof
effectivedamping.
4.2Accelerations
Asshowninthefigure10,themaximumaccelerationstransmittedforallseismicexcitations
aregenerallyincreasedin agreementwiththeeffectivedampingmadefrom 08to 20%. On the
other hand, more than 20% of damping, accelerations are reduced with the increase in
effective damping.
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Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
Thevalueoftheeffectivedampingof20%givesusthemaximumvalueofaccelerationfor
anyseismicexcitation.Byconsequence,inthedesignoftheinsulationsystemitisnecessary
tochoose an effective damping of more than 20%.
Thisistranslatedbythechangeinthemaximumshearforceoftheseismicisolationsystem
forvariousvaluesofeffectivedamping.
For weak effective damping, the increase in the maximum shear force is due to the
increaseoftheinelasticforce (greatdisplacement).
Foraverageandstrongeffectivedamping,theincreaseofthemaximumshearforceof
the seismic isolation system is due to the increase in the characteristic strength Q
(smalldisplacement).
Figure10: Maximumaccelerationsofthe8thlevelwiththedifferentpercentagesofeffective
damping.
4.3Interstorydrift
Theresultsrepresentedinfigure11showthatinterstorydriftunderalltheseismicloadings
usedaregenerallyreducedwiththeincreaseinthepercentageoftheeffectivedamping.
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Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
Figure11:Displacementsinterfloorsofthe8thlevelwiththedifferentpercentagesof
effectivedamping.
4.4Absorbedenergy
Toillustratetheeffectofthedampingoftheseismicisolationsystemonthedissipationof
energy,acomparisonwasmadebetweenthediagramseffortsdeformationsoftheseismic
isolationofcenterforpercentagesofweakeffectivedamping(08%)andhigh(35%)under
variousseismicloadingswhichareusedpreviously.
Theresultsofthiscomparisonarerepresentedbythefiguresbelow:
(a)Effectivedampingof08%(b)Effectivedampingof35%
Figure12: Comparisonofthediagramseffortsdeformationsofanseismicisolationofcenter
forpercentagesofweakeffectivedamping(08%)andhigh(35%)subjectedtothecomponent
ofElCentrooftheearthquakeofImperialValley.
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Volume1,No 4,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices
Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
(a)Effectivedampingof08%(b) EffectiveDampingof35%
Figure13: Comparisonofthediagramseffortsdeformationsofanseismicisolationofcenter
forpercentagesofweak effectivedamping(08%)andhigh(35%)subjectedtothecomponent
ofOaklandOuteroftheearthquakeofLomaPrieta.
(a)Effectivedampingof08%(b)EffectiveDampingof35%
Figure14: Comparisonofthediagramseffortsdeformationsofanseismicisolationofcenter
forpercentagesofweakeffectivedamping(08%)andhigh(35%)subjectedtothecomponent
ofLexingtonDamoftheearthquakeofLomaPrieta.
(a)Effectivedampingof08%(b) EffectiveDampingof35%
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INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFCIVILANDSTRUCTURALENGINEERING
Volume1,No 4,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices
Researcharticle ISSN0976 4399
Figure15: Comparisonofthediagramseffortsdeformationsofanseismicisolationofcenter
forpercentagesofweakeffectivedamping(08%)andhigh(35%)subjectedtothecomponent
ofSylmarCountyoftheNorthridgeearthquake.
5.Conclusion
Theresultsoftheseismicresponseobtainedbytheparametricstudyontheeffectivedamping
oftheseismicisolationsystemLRBhaveallowedustodeducethatthedisplacementsofthe
superstructure and the isolation system decrease with the increase of the effective damping
under all the seismic loadings used, the accelerations transmitted to the superstructure
increaseforaweakeffectivedampingandontheotherhandtheyarereducedforanaverage
or high damping and the interstory drift under all the seismic loadings used are generally
reducedwiththeincreaseofthepercentageoftheeffectivedamping.Wecanalsoconclude
that the energy absorbed by the seismic isolation system increase in agreement with the
increaseoftheeffectivedampingofthissystem.
6.References
2. Federal Emergency Federal Agency, FEMA 274 (1997), Seismic Isolation and
Energy Dissipation NEHRP Commentary On The Guidelines for The Seismic
rehabilitation ofBuildings,Chapter09,WashingtonDC.
3. NaeimF.,KellyJ.M.(1999),Designofseismicisolatedstructuresfromtheoryto
practice,JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork.
5. MayesR.L.,NaeimF.(2001),DesignofStructureswithSeismicIsolation,The
SeismicDesign Handbook,2ndedition,Chapter14.
6. Yang Y.B.,Chang K.C. and Yau J.D. (2003), Base Isolation Earthquake
EngineeringHandbook,Chapter17,CRCPress,WashingtonDC.
7. CSI, ETABS Nonlinear Version 9.0.0 (2003), Integrated Software for Structural
AnalysisandDesign,ComputersandStructures,Inc,Berkeley,California,USA.
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