STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Problem Set No. 1

Marvin S. Mangabat
2010100676

I. Assuming the beam to be massless, each system can be modelled as an SDOF system
with vertical deflection due to the weight W. The beam has a length L and flexural
rigidity, EI. Analyze the two beams in Fig. 1A and 1B.

a. Derive the equivalent stiffness (k) in terms of EI, L, W.

b. Assume that the weight W at the midspan of the beams is due to man with W = 500
N. At midspan, the man oscillates at a frequency of 2 Hz. If the length of the beam is
2.0 m, estimate the flexural rigidity (EI) of the beam.
c. Using the data in letter b. If an initial displacement of 2 cm () at the center was
applied and then released, plot the displacement vs time of the midspan
displacement assuming a damping of 5%.

Solution for Fig1A. Simply Supported Beam:

a. Derive the equivalent stiffness (k).

The stiffness of the simply supported beam with concentrated load W at the midspan can be
solved using Double Integration Method,
 =

1
= () < >
2 2

1 1
= 2 < >2 + 1
4 2 2

1 1
= 3 < >3 + 1 + 2
12 6 2

= 0, = 0, , 2 = 0

= , = 0, 1
1 1
(0) = 3 < >3 + 1
12 6 2

1 3
1 3
0= ( ) + 1
12 6 2

1 1
0= 3 3 + 1
12 48

1
0= 3 + 1
16

1
1 = 2
16
Thus,
 1 1 1
= 3 < >3 2
12 6 2 16

Deflection at midspan, = 2

1 3 1 1
= ( ) < >3 2 ( )
12 2 6 2 2 16 2

1 3 1
= ( ) 2 ( )
12 2 16 2

1 1
= 3 3
96 32

1
= 3
48

3
Deflection at midspan is equal to = .
48

Negative sign indicates that the deflection of the simply supported beam is below its neutral
axis.

The Elastic Force, Fs = kx where k is the stiffness and x is the displacement. Computing for the
equivalent stiffness where Fs = W and x = y,

3
= ( )
48

48
= (. )
3

b. Determine Flexural Rigidity of the beam, EI.

The frequency is determined by:

1 1
= = = 2
2

where w is the natural frequency (rad/s) and T is the period (sec).

Thus,
 = 2(2) = 4 /s2

The natural frequency is determined by:

where m is the mass of the object (kg) and k is the stiffness.

= = 500
where

= 9.81
2
Therefore,
500
= = 50.96
9.81/ 2

Substituting the mass to the natural frequency equation,

4 =
50.96

= 8048.86 /
But,

48
= 3
= 8048.86

48
= 3
= 8048.86
2

= 1.34 109 2 (. )

c. Plot the displacement vs time at the midspan.

Given an initial displacement of u=2 cm or 20mm, v = 0, and = 5%.

This is an example of underdamped system and the relationship between the damped
frequency to natural frequency is

= 1 2

where is approximately equal to w if tends to zero.

Substituting =0.05 to the equation becomes,

= 4 1 0.052 4

Therefore,

2 2
= = = 0.5
4

The complete solution for initial values of x = x0 and dx/dt = v0 is

0 + 0
() = [0 + ]

Substituting constant values at t=0, 0 = 20 mm

0 + 20(0.05)(4)
(0) = 0.05(4)(0) [20cos[4(0)] + sin[(4)(0)]]
(4)

(0) = 20

Substituting constant values at t = 1,

0 + 20(0.05)(4)
(1) = 0.05(4)(1) [20cos[4(1)] + sin[(4)(1)]]
(4)

(1) = 10.67

Plotting the displacement versus time with a damping ratio of 5 % in the simply supported
beam with concentrated load at midspan by the use of MatLab R2014a,
 30
h = 0.05
20
e-hwt
Displacement (mm)

10

-10

-20

-30
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (sec)

Solution for Fig1B. Simple Beam:

a. Derive the equivalent stiffness (k).

The stiffness of the fixed end beam with concentrated load W at the midspan can be solved
using Area Moment Method,

= 0

1
(0.5)(0.25) 0.5() = 0
2

1 1
(2 ) = ()()
16 2

1
=
8
The deflection at midspan, , can be solved by:

= ( )

1 2 1
= (0.5)(0.25) [ (0.5)] 0.5() [ (0.5)]
2 3 2

1 1
= 3 2
48 8

1 1
= 3 2
48 8
 1 1 1
= 3 ( ) (2 )
48 8 8

1 1
= 3 3
48 64

1
= 3
192
Therefore,
1 3
= ( )
192

The Elastic Force, Fs = kx where k is the stiffness and x is the displacement. Computing for the
equivalent stiffness where Fs = W and x = ,

3
= ( )
192

192
= (. )
3

b. Determine Flexural Rigidity of the beam, EI.

The frequency is determined by:

1 1
= = = 2
2

where w is the natural frequency (rad/s) and T is the period (sec).

Thus,

= 2(2) = 4 /s2

The natural frequency is determined by:

where m is the mass of the object (kg) and k is the stiffness.

 = = 500
where

= 9.81
2
Therefore,
500
= = 50.96
9.81/ 2

Substituting the mass to the natural frequency equation,

4 =
50.96

= 8048.86 /
But,

192
= 3
= 8048.86

192
= = 8048.86
23

= 335.369 106 2 (. )

c. Plot the displacement vs time at the midspan.

Given an initial displacement of u=2 cm or 20mm, v = 0, and = 5%.

This is an example of underdamped system and the relationship between the damped
frequency to natural frequency is

= 1 2

where is approximately equal to w if tends to zero.

Substituting =0.05 to the equation becomes,

= 4 1 0.052 4

Therefore,

2 2
= = = 0.5
4
The complete solution for initial values of x = x0 and dx/dt = v0 is

0 + 0
() = [0 + ]

Substituting constant values at t=0, 0 = 20 mm

0 + 20(0.05)(4)
(0) = 0.05(4)(0) [20cos[4(0)] + sin[(4)(0)]]
(4)

(0) = 20

Substituting constant values at t = 1,

0 + 20(0.05)(4)
(1) = 0.05(4)(1) [20cos[4(1)] + sin[(4)(1)]]
(4)

(1) = 10.67

Plotting the displacement versus time with a damping ratio of 5 % in the fixed end beam
with concentrated load at midspan by the use of MatLab R2014a,

30
h = 0.05
20
e-hwt
Displacement (mm)

10

-10

-20

-30
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (sec)
 II. The structural frame shown has a rigid beam and is rigid jointed at both ends of the
three columns. The mass of the structure of 5000 kg is concentrated at the top. The
columns are 3.0 m long and each has an = 4.5106 2 . The structure has a
viscous damping () of 4%. Model the structure as an SDOF shear building.

a. Calculate the undamped dynamic properties (f, T, w)

b. Calculate the damped dynamic properties
c. The top was displaced to the right by 25 mm and then released. Compute the
displacement, velocity and acceleration after one period. Plot the displacement as a
function of time for at least three periods.
d. Using the plot in (c) determine the damping ratio () using the log decrement
method. Compare with the given .

Solution:

a. Calculate the undamped dynamic properties ( f, T, w)

To get the stiffness of the column, assume a fixed end beam with a unit displacement u2 =1 , the
forces on its both ends will become 122 /3 where 2 =1.
Figure shown above is the free body diagram of the motion.
The resulting equation for motion is
12 12 12
() 3
() 3 () 3 () =

Simplifying,
36
+ () = ()
3
Noting that the equation of motion is equal to
+ = ()
Therefore,
36 36(4.5106 2 )
= = = 6106 /
3 33
The equation for natural frequency is the square root of stiffness over its mass
 6106
= = = 34.64 2 (. )
5000

To get the period,

2 2
= = = 0.18 sec (. )
34.64

The reciprocal of the period is the frequency,

1 1
= = = 5.51 (. )
0.18

b. Calculate the damped dynamic properties, = 0.04

This is an example of underdamped system and the relationship between the damped
frequency to natural frequency is

= 1 2

where is approximately equal to w if tends to zero.

Substituting =0.04 to the equation becomes,

= 34.64 1 0.042 34.61 (. )
2
Therefore,
2 2
= = = 0.18 sec (. )
34.61

The reciprocal of the period is the frequency,

1 1
= = = 5.51 (. )
0.18

c. Compute the displacement, velocity and acceleration after one period. Plot the
displacement as a function of time for atleast three periods.
The general solution for initial values of x = x0 and dx/dt = v0 is

() = [ + ]
where

= 0

0 + 0
=

Therefore,
0 + 0
() = [0 + ( ) ]

At time equal to t=0.18 sec, the displacement is equal to

25 0.04 34.64
(0.18) = (0.04)(34.64)(0.18) [25cos(34.61 0.18) + ( ) sin(34.64 0.18)]
34.61

(0.18) = 19.42 (. )

Differentiate to get the equation for velocity,

() = [ + ] + [ + ]

0 + 0
() = [0 + ( ) ] + [0

0 + 0
+( ) ]

At time equal to t=0.18 sec, the velocity is equal to

() = (0.04)(34.64) (0.0434.640.18) [25 cos(34.61 0.18)

25 0.04 34.64
+( ) sin(34.61 0.18)] + (0.0434.640.18) [25
34.61
25 0.04 34.64
34.64sin(34.61 0.18) + ( ) 34.61 cos(34.61 0.18)]
34.61

() = 36.07 (. )
2

Differentiate again to get the acceleration

 () = {()2 [ + ]}
+ {( )([ + )}
+ { [ + ]}
+ { [2 2 ]}

0 + 0
() = {()2 [0 + ( ) ]}

0 + 0
+ {( ) ([0 + ( ) )}

0 + 0
+ { [0 + ( ) ]}

0 + 0 2
+ { [0 2 ( ) ]}

() = {(0.04 34.64)2 (0.0434.640.18) [25cos(34.61 0.18)

25 0.04 34.64
+( ) sin(34.61 0.18)]}
34.61
+ {((0.04)(34.64) (0.0434.640.18) ) ([25 34.61sin(34.61 0.18)
25 0.04 34.64
+( ) (34.61)cos(34.61 0.18))}
34.61
+ {0.04(34.64) (0.0434.640.18) [25 34.64sin(34.61 0.18)
25 0.04 34.64
+( ) (34.64)cos(34.61 0.18)]}
34.61
+ { 0.0434.640.18 [25(34.61)2 cos(34.61 0.18)
25(0.04)(34.64)
( ) (34.61)2 sin(34.61 0.18)]}
34.61

() = 23451.78 / 2

() = 23.45 (. )
2

Plotting the displacement versus time with a damping ratio of 4% in the given figure with
an initial displacement of 25mm by the use of MatLab R2014a,
 30

X: 0.3604 e-hwt
20 Y: 15.13 X: 0.5395
X: 0.1802 Y: 11.78
Y: 19.45
Displacement (mm)

10

-10

-20 h=4% damping

T

-30
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time(sec)

d. Determine the damping ratio using log decrement method and compare to the given
damping ratio.
In the graph, the ratio of two consecutive amplitudes is
(1 ) 25
= = = 1.29
(2 ) 19.45
Using Logarithmic Method

= 1 2 ( 0.1)
2 2
Therefore,

= 0.04 (. )

The calculated damping ratio using logarithmic decrement is identical to the given damping
ratio of the problem.